Naeng/Literature: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (IlL moved page Windermere/Literature to Naeng/Literature without leaving a redirect: The language should be called Naeng)
 
(542 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[[Windermere/Lexicon]]
==Ancient==
==Mărotłite literature==
==Gweats Era==
==Fnüeng Era==
==Middle Windermere literature==
* Etsoj Jopah


[[Windermere/Swadesh list]]
==Modern Windermere literature==
 
Post-Revival
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]], [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename =
|pronunciation=
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region = Talma
|familycolor=
|fam1=
|fam2=
|fam3= Old Windermere
|script={{PAGENAME}} script
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}
 
'''Windermere''' is a conlang based on similarities between Hebrew and Mon-Khmer languages, such as final stress, minor syllables and overall head-initial syntax.
 
In-universe, Windermere was used as a classical language in Talma.
 
==Introduction==
Windermere was originally created by [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]] for the [[Fifth Linguifex Relay]]. It is currently being revived and adapted for [[Verse:Tricin]] as a classical language in [[Verse:Talma|Talma]] (perhaps replacing [[Netagin]]) - this version will also be more synthetic than the original creator envisioned.
 
==Todo==
*Weird grammatical categories that aren't so Celtic or Semitic - so it makes Eevo really analytic
**something Austronesian?
 
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
====Consonants====
*Ϫϫ Շչ Ɑᶑ Ѡϙ Ғғ Ѵѵ Ƌժ Ƨƨ ſʗ = p b f t d th c g ch
*Ɨɟ ʢє Ϯ₼ = m n ng
*Ϟɥ Ɔɔ Պɱ Ҕҕ Ʌʎ = s ł ts tł ș
*Էէ Ӿӿ Գƪ Քƍ Ֆⱷ Пп = r w y h l ʔ
====Vowels====
The vowel signs are placed to the right of the consonant letter.
*· : ; ı › ˫ ⸗ = ă u ü i o e a; :ƍ ;ƍ ıƍ ›ƍ ˫ƍ ›ƪ = ua üe ie oa ea oy
 
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial
!  |Alveolar
!  |Lateral
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Uvular
!  |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
|
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! |<small>tenuis</small>
| '''b''' /p~b/
| '''d''' /t~d/
|
|
| '''g''' /k~g/
|
| <b>'</b> /ʔ/
|-
! |<small>aspirated</small>
| '''p''' /pʰ~bʰ/
| '''t''' /tʰ~dʰ/
|
|
| '''c''' /kʰ~gʰ/
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate
|
| '''ts''' /ts̻/
| '''tł''' /tɬ/
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>spirant</small>
| '''f''' /f~v/
| '''th''' /θ~ð/
|
|
| '''ch''' /x~ɣ/
|
|
|-
! |<small>nonspirant</small>
|
| '''s''' /s̻/
| '''ł''' /ɬ/
| '''ș''' /s̺~ʃ/
|
|
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! colspan="2" |Resonant
| '''w''' /w/
| '''r''' /r/
|
| '''y''' /j/
|
|'''l''' /ʟ/
|
|}
 
In Eevo, pʰ p f tʰ t θ kʰ k x ts̻ s̻ tɬ ɬ s̺ m n ŋ ʟ r w j h ʔ are borrowed as p b f/v t d þ/ð c g ç ts s tx x z m n ŋ l r v j h ∅
 
[cf. OHG /s̺/ > Modern German /z/ ]
 
====Mutations====
 
===Vowels===
 
a e i o u y {{angbr|a e i o u oy ü}}
 
iə eə uə oə oj yə {{angbr|ie ea uo oa oy üe}}
 
ə {{angbr|ă}} (in unstressed syllables)
 
In Eevo these are borrowed as:
 
a e i o w u
 
ia ee wa oo øø ua
 
y
 
===Stress===
Stress is invariably final.
===Phonotactics===
Zero and C are the only permitted word-final codas.
 
==Morphology==
Windermere morphology is exclusively prefixing and infixing.
===Nouns===
''im-'' is used for the plural prefix.
 
The case markers are the following:
*''wa-'': direct case marker
*''și-'': indirect case marker
*''mi-'': locative
*''ya-'': comitative
*''șa-'': allative
 
===Pronouns===
*1sg: rie
*2sg: łen (masculine), łes (feminine)
*3sg: in (masculine), is (feminine), tan (inanimate)
*1pl: tsal (exclusive), bang (inclusive)
*2pl: ngeab
*3pl: uob (animate), tuob (inanimate)
 
===Verbs===
====Personal inflection====
The personal affixes are prefixes, and they index the direct case argument. For example:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|+
|-
! !!''rie''!!''łen''!!''łes''!!''in''!!''is''!!''tan''!!''tsal''!!''bang''!!''ngeab''!!''uob''!!''tuob''
|-
! ''dur'' 'sit'
|'''''ră'''dur''||'''''łe'''dur''||'''''łe'''dur''||''dur''||''dur''||''dur''||'''''tsa'''dur''||'''''ba'''dur''||'''''ngi'''dur''||''dur''||''dur''
|-
! ''plang'' 'stand'
|'''''ră'''plang''||'''''łe'''plang''||'''''łe'''plang''||''plang''||''plang''||''plang''||'''''tsa'''plang''||'''''ba'''plang''||'''''ngi'''plang''||''plang''||''plang''
|}
 
====Mood====
There is only the imperative mood which is marked with ''da-'' in place of the personal prefix.
 
====Aspect====
Used derivationally in descendants
 
====Trigger====
Trigger + aspect + intensity fusion, much like Semitic; used derivationally in descendants
 
Windermere verbs employ an Austronesian-style trigger system, which are marked with prefixes or infixes.
 
These triggers are most similar to active and passive voices:
*Patient trigger [telic]
*Patient trigger [atelic]
*Agent trigger [= a weird way of syntacticizing passive voice/ergativity]
These triggers are most similar to applicatives:
*Locative trigger
*Instrumental trigger
*Destination trigger
*Source/reason trigger [~ causative]
*Benefactive trigger [also purposive]
*Malefactive trigger [also "lest"]
*Comitative trigger
[Netagin could use this actually]
 
===Derivational morphology===
*Head-initial concatenation
*''hăl-'' = nominalizer
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
Word order is VSO, like Celtic, Semitic and Tagalog. [S = the constituent that the verb agrees with]
 
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
====Triggered verbal noun clauses====
 
==Example texts==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
 
<!-- Template area -->
 
 
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Tricin]]

Latest revision as of 14:37, 24 January 2022

Ancient

Mărotłite literature

Gweats Era

Fnüeng Era

Middle Windermere literature

  • Etsoj Jopah

Modern Windermere literature

Post-Revival