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'''Padmanábha''' /' | '''Padmanábha''' /'pæð.n̩.'niə.b̥e/ or '''Padmapradhána''' /...pʁɑ̈.'tʰiə.n̩/ is a [[Verse:Crackfic Irta/Camalic]] language spoken in a Trician Island in Crackfic Tricin, called ''Padmas'' /'pæð.n̩s/ in the language. It's a descendant of [[Verse:Crackfic Irta/Bhadhagha/Old|Old Bhadhagha]]. | ||
The motivation for Padmanábha is "Irish orthography read as | The motivation for Padmanábha is "Irish orthography read as Danish with Sanskrito-Khmer loans". | ||
Its orthography is the same as in Old | Its orthography is the same as in Old Bhadhagha, but it underwent a Khmer-like vowel split from Old Bhadhagha voiced and breathy voiced stops. After the vowel split it underwent sound changes very similar to Danish: for example, Old Bhadhagha ''r'' also became uvular, and vocalized or colored adjacent vowels. This has resulted in modern Padmanábha having more vowels than Danish. It's also a tonal/register language like Danish, having stød corresponding to Old PN monosyllables (and retained with the addition of the definite article ''-as'' and possessive suffixes). | ||
Stops should be Danish-like | Stops should be Danish-like, Camalanàbha loans should sound a lot like Sanskrito-Khmer but with a Danish touch | ||
Native PN should have fh and sh but no mh? | |||
== Diachronics == | == Diachronics == | ||
Old PN vowels: a e i o u á é í ó ú ai ao ae aoi aei ia ua iai uai éi ei ái aí eo ea éa eoi eao eá eái io iu iú iúi oí oi ói uí ui úi | |||
heavily steal from Khmer vowel changes | |||
Should breathy voice become a suprasegmental feature in pre-modern PN? (leading to a kind of vowel harmony after the Khmerization) | |||
Assuming no adjacent R's: | |||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
a > /æ, E/ | a, ai > /æ, E(raised)/ | ||
á > /A, | ea > /æ, eə(short)/ | ||
éa > /E:, iə/ | á > /A:, iə/ | ||
éi > /e:, | eá(i) > /E(raised): iə/ | ||
éa > /E(raised):ə, iə/ | |||
ei > /E(raised), e(raised)/ | |||
éi > /æe, e:(raise)/ | |||
i > /e̝ i/ | |||
i > /əi i:/ | |||
o > /O(lowered) O(raised)/ | |||
ó > /Ao o:(raise)/ | |||
u > /o(raised) u/ | |||
ú > /ou u:/ | |||
ae > /æe/ | |||
aei > /æi Ij/ | |||
ao > /Au Iw/ | |||
aoi > /Œy Yy/ | |||
eao > /Œ: œ:/ | |||
eo > /Œø ø:/ | |||
eoi > /øy Yy/ | |||
io, iu > /ø y/ | |||
iú, iúi > /øy y:/ | |||
ia ua > /iə uə/ | |||
iai uai > /ie ue/ | |||
ai oi > /ə(lowered) ə(raised)/ | |||
ui > /ə(raised) ı/ | |||
oì uì > /əı, ı:/ | |||
schwa (from both unstressed a and e) > /(Seoul eo) e/ | |||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
Final -mh disappears as in Ăn Yidiș: sraimh /sʁæ(stød)/ | |||
== Phonology == | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ [[Morphophoneme]]–[[phoneme]]–[[phone (phonetics)|phone]] correspondence{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|pp=45–7, 52, 57–9, 71, 546–7}}{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|pp=36–7, 59–61, 287–92, 420–1}} | |+ [[Morphophoneme]]–[[phoneme]]–[[phone (phonetics)|phone]] correspondence{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|pp=45–7, 52, 57–9, 71, 546–7}}{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|pp=36–7, 59–61, 287–92, 420–1}} | ||
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* {{IPA|[ʊ]}} with {{IPA|[o]}}, leading to a variable merger of {{IPA|/və/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} (the former can be {{IPA|[wə]}} or {{IPA|[wʊ]}} instead, in which case no merger takes place). | * {{IPA|[ʊ]}} with {{IPA|[o]}}, leading to a variable merger of {{IPA|/və/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} (the former can be {{IPA|[wə]}} or {{IPA|[wʊ]}} instead, in which case no merger takes place). | ||
* {{IPA|/ɐ/}} with {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. According to {{harvp|Basbøll|2005}}, these sounds are usually merged, the main difference being the greater variability in the realizations of {{IPA|/ɐ/}}, which only occurs in unstressed position. In the narrow phonetic transcriptions of {{harvp|Grønnum|2005}} and {{harvp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991}}, the two sounds are treated as identical.{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|p=419|ps=; both sounds are transcribed as {{IPA|[ʌ˖˕˒]}}.}}{{sfnp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991|p=86|ps=, using ''ɔ'' in the [[Dania transcription]].}} | * {{IPA|/ɐ/}} with {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. According to {{harvp|Basbøll|2005}}, these sounds are usually merged, the main difference being the greater variability in the realizations of {{IPA|/ɐ/}}, which only occurs in unstressed position. In the narrow phonetic transcriptions of {{harvp|Grønnum|2005}} and {{harvp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991}}, the two sounds are treated as identical.{{sfnp|Grønnum|2005|p=419|ps=; both sounds are transcribed as {{IPA|[ʌ˖˕˒]}}.}}{{sfnp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991|p=86|ps=, using ''ɔ'' in the [[Dania transcription]].}} | ||
== Orthography == | |||
Padmanábha is written either in the cipher of this page's Latin orthography in the Clofabic alphabet, or in the Camalic abugida. | |||
== Grammar == | |||
-as def article | |||
loses independent verbs like Jp, anna (always pronounced with stød) becomes a subject marker | |||
Denominal adjectives: rugalach -> rugalachaí (from CN genitive), sometimes rugalaich (native) for fanciness | |||
''Annan rinbhrainnear, Praimhín anna rugelachas mó séicmhann.'' /'ænˀn̩ 'ʁɛ̝mpʁɑ̈nɑ̈, pʁɑ̈'vi:nˀ n̩ˀ 'ʁo̝.ʊ.l̩xəs mo̝: 'sæ:jˀʊn/ = I don't think Praimhín ate the rugelach. | |||
==Lexicon== | ==Lexicon== | ||
* '' | * ''rugalach'' /ʁo̝.ʊ.l̩x/ = rugelach, slightly different from ours; from a root ''r-g'' 'to love'? | ||
* *widq-ma -> PCam *wīˀdma -> éidhme | * *widq-ma -> PCam *wīˀdma -> éidhme /æedn̩/ (eye) | ||
[[Category:Camalic languages]] | [[Category:Camalic languages]] |
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