User:IlL/Spare pages 1/20

Inspirations: Vietnamese, Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, Maltese (and Hmong?)

Phonology

p t c k kħ q = /p t k q ʡ ʔ/; ph th ch kh ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/

m n ng; mh nh ngh = /m n ŋ; ṽ (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/

x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/

b ƀ đ d y g ǥ għ = /v (bilabial l) ɮ ð y ɣ ʟ ayin/

r l /r l/

i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; ie uo

Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones

tones: high low falling rising nga nang

has lenition, lateralization and h-prothesis~aspiration mutations

Mutations

Mutations

1. Lenition: p t c k kħ m n ng s -> b d y g għ mh nh ngh h
2. Lateralization: p t c k kħ m n s r 0 -> ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ ƀ l x l l
3. Aspiration: p t c k kħ 0 -> ph th ch kh ħ h

Proto-language

5 vowels: i e a o u, each syllable had high and low tones

allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVs, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)

Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs

Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q̟ q̠ ʔ ʃ w l r j/

Morphology

Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes (the proto-stage had level tones and was predominantly CV, with geminates, nC and sC clusters. tones in reduced syllables leave a mark on the stressed syllable, making tones more complex)

nouns have unpredictable allomorphs as well, worse than TibH construct state (absolute~construct since easy to justify with stress)