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has lenition, lateralization and h-prothesis~aspiration mutations | has lenition, lateralization and h-prothesis~aspiration mutations | ||
=== Mutations === | === Mutations === | ||
# Lenition: p t c k kħ m n ng s -> b d y g għ mh nh ngh h | # Lenition: p t c k kħ m n ng s -> b d y g għ mh nh ngh h | ||
# Lateralization: p t c k kħ m n s r 0 -> ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ ƀ l x l l | # Lateralization: p t c k kħ m n s r 0 -> ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ ƀ l x l l | ||
Revision as of 19:29, 23 February 2022
Inspirations: Vietnamese, Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, Maltese (and Hmong?)
Phonology
p t c k kħ q = /p t k q ʡ ʔ/; ph th ch kh ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/
m n ng; mh nh ngh = /m n ŋ; ṽ (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/
x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/
b ƀ đ d y g ǥ għ = /v (bilabial l) ɮ ð y ɣ ʟ ayin/
r l /r l/
i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; ie uo
Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones
tones: high low falling rising nga nang
has lenition, lateralization and h-prothesis~aspiration mutations
Mutations
- Lenition: p t c k kħ m n ng s -> b d y g għ mh nh ngh h
- Lateralization: p t c k kħ m n s r 0 -> ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ ƀ l x l l
- Aspiration: p t c k kħ 0 -> ph th ch kh ħ h
Proto-language
5 vowels: i e a o u, each syllable had high and low tones
allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVs, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)
Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs
Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q̟ q̠ ʔ ʃ w l r j/
Morphology
Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes (the proto-stage had level tones and was predominantly CV, with geminates, nC and sC clusters. tones in reduced syllables leave a mark on the stressed syllable, making tones more complex)
nouns have unpredictable allomorphs as well, worse than TibH construct state (absolute~construct since easy to justify with stress)