Guide:IPA: Difference between revisions

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!  style="width: 68px; "|Velar
!  style="width: 68px; "|Velar
!  style="width: 68px; "|Uvular
!  style="width: 68px; "|Uvular
!  style="width: 68px; "|Pharyngeal
!  style="width: 68px; "|Pharyngeal/Epiglottal
!  style="width: 68px; "|Epiglottal
!  style="width: 68px; "|Glottal
!  style="width: 68px; "|Glottal
|-
|-
Line 28: Line 27:
| ŋ̊ ŋ
| ŋ̊ ŋ
| ɴ
| ɴ
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 43: Line 41:
| k g
| k g
| q ɢ
| q ɢ
|
| ʡ
| ʡ
| ʔ
| ʔ
Line 57: Line 54:
| c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ
| c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ
| k͡x g͡ɣ
| k͡x g͡ɣ
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 66: Line 62:
| f v
| f v
| θ ð
| θ ð
| s z<br>θ̠ ð̠
| s z<br />θ̠ ð̠
| ʃ ʒ
| ʃ ʒ
| ʂ ʐ
| ʂ ʐ
Line 74: Line 70:
| χ ʁ
| χ ʁ
| ħ ʕ
| ħ ʕ
| ʜ ʢ
| h ɦ
| h ɦ
|-
|-
Line 87: Line 82:
| j
| j
| ɰ
| ɰ
|  
| ʁ̞
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 103: Line 97:
|  
|  
| ʀ
| ʀ
|  
| ʜ ʢ
| я
|  
|  
|-
|-
Line 118: Line 111:
|  
|  
| ɢ̆
| ɢ̆
|
| ʡ̯
| ʡ̯
|  
|  
Line 132: Line 124:
| ʎ̥˔
| ʎ̥˔
| ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝
| ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 147: Line 138:
| ʎ
| ʎ
| ʟ
| ʟ
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 161: Line 151:
|
|
| ʎ̯
| ʎ̯
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 167: Line 156:
|  
|  
|}
|}
====Multiarticulated====


===Non-pulmonic consonants===
===Non-pulmonic consonants===
====Ejectives====
====Ejectives====
Ejective consonants are marked in the IPA with an apostrophe. Voiced ejectives are thought by many to be impossible for humans to produce.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;"
!  style="width: 68px; "|
!  style="width: 68px; "|
Line 188: Line 177:
|-
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
| p'
| pʼ
|  
|  
|  
|  
| t'
| tʼ
|  
|  
| ʈ'
| ʈʼ
|
|
| c'
| cʼ
| k'
| kʼ
| q'
| qʼ
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 203: Line 192:
|-
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Affricate
! style="text-align: center; "|Affricate
| p͡ɸ'
| p͡ɸʼ
| p̪͡f'
| p̪͡fʼ
|   
|   
|  
|  
| t͡ʃ'
| t͡ʃʼ
| ʈ͡ʂ'
| ʈ͡ʂʼ
| t͡ɕ'
| t͡ɕʼ
| c͡ç'
| c͡çʼ
| k͡x'
| k͡xʼ
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 218: Line 207:
|-
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
| ɸ'
| ɸʼ
| f'
| fʼ
| θ'
| θʼ
| s'
| sʼ
| ʃ'
| ʃʼ
| ʂ'
| ʂʼ
| ɕ'
| ɕʼ
| ç'
| çʼ
| x'
| xʼ
| χ'
| χʼ
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|}
|}
====Implosives====
====Clicks====


==Vowel chart==
==Vowel chart==

Latest revision as of 03:48, 6 March 2022

Consonant charts

Pulmonic consonants

Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Retroflex Alveolo-palatal Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal/Epiglottal Glottal
Nasal m̥ m ɱ n̪ n̥ n n̠ ɳ ɲ̥ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ
Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d t̠ d̠ ʈ ɖ c ɟ k g q ɢ ʡ ʔ
Affricate p͡ɸ b͡β p̪͡f b̪͡v t̪͡θ d̪͡ð t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ k͡x g͡ɣ
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z
θ̠ ð̠ 		ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Approximant β̞ ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ ʁ̞
Trill ʙ  r ɽ͡r ʀ ʜ ʢ
Flap or tap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̯
Lateral fric. ɬ ɮ ɭ˔̊ ʎ̥˔ ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝
Lateral app. l ɭ ʎ ʟ
Lateral flap ɺ ɺ̠ ʎ̯

Multiarticulated

Non-pulmonic consonants

Ejectives

Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Retroflex Alveolo-palatal Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal
Plosive pʼ tʼ ʈʼ cʼ kʼ qʼ
Affricate p͡ɸʼ p̪͡fʼ t͡ʃʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ t͡ɕʼ c͡çʼ k͡xʼ
Fricative ɸʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ çʼ xʼ χʼ

Implosives

Clicks

Vowel chart

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close i y ɨ ʉ ɯ u
Near-close ɪ ʏ ɪ̈ ʊ̈ ʊ
Close-mid e ø ɘ ɵ ɤ o
Mid e̞ ø̞ ə ɤ̞ o̞
Open-mid ɛ œ ɜ ɞ ʌ ɔ
Near-open æ ɐ
Open a ɶ ä ɑ ɒ

Here is another version of the vowel chart:

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
i • y
ɨ • ʉ
ɯ • u
ɪ • ʏ
ɪ̈ • ʊ̈
• ʊ
e • ø
ɘ • ɵ
ɤ • o
e̞ • ø̞
ə
ɤ̞ • o̞
ɛ • œ
ɜ • ɞ
ʌ • ɔ
æ •
ɐ
a • ɶ
ä
ɑ • ɒ
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open
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