User:Juhhmi/Ljopva: Difference between revisions
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*g/V_V>k; g/V_∅>ɰ>x | *g/V_V>k; g/V_∅>ɰ>x | ||
*b>β>w | *b>β>w | ||
*p/∅_V>p̪; p/V_V>ⱱ | *p/∅_V>pʋ>p̪; p/V_V>pʋ>ⱱ | ||
*pr>ʙ | *pr>ʙ | ||
*m>ɱ | *m>ɱ | ||
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*ti>tʲi>ci | *ti>tʲi>ci | ||
*ki>ci | *ki>ci | ||
*ci/[unstressed]> | *ci/[unstressed]>çi>ɕi<br>ɕi/V_∅>ɕ; ɕi/V_C>ʝ>j; ɕi/V_V>ʑ | ||
*ɛ>a | |||
*e>ɛ; ɛ/C[labio-dental]_>a | *e>ɛ; ɛ/C[labio-dental]_>a | ||
*ʌ>ɔ | *ʌ>ɔ | ||
*i>ɨ | *i>ɨ |
Revision as of 16:00, 1 October 2014
Ljopva or Ḷoṗa /ɭɔⱱɐ/ is an a priori language spoken in the fantasy world Akekata. The speakers of Ljopva reside on the Twin Islands, which have been blamed by central spellcasters and major religions for allowing the practice of "evil" forms of sorcery. The language can be described as isolative-fusional, head-final, topic-prominent, split-S and having a free word order with AOV being the most frequent.
Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial | Labio-dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | ɱ | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Plosive | p̪ | ʈ | c | k | ʔ | ||
Fricative | f | ʂ | ç ʑ | x | h | ||
Approximant | j | ||||||
Trill | ʙ | ||||||
Flap or tap | ⱱ | ɽ | |||||
Lateral fricative | ɬ | ||||||
Lateral approximant | l | ɭ |
Co-articulated consonants: k͡p
Vowels
Monophthongs
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | ɨ | ||
Close-mid | ɵ | ɤ | |
Mid | e | ||
Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Open | a |
Sound changes
lordlang>godlang>old spellang>spellang; old spellang loans into old ljopva>ljopva
- ku>kʷ>
kʷe>k͡ve>k͡ⱱɛ>k͡ⱱa>ⱱa
kʷ/V_∅>w - ka>xa
- gu>gʷ>k͡p
- g/V_V>k; g/V_∅>ɰ>x
- b>β>w
- p/∅_V>pʋ>p̪; p/V_V>pʋ>ⱱ
- pr>ʙ
- m>ɱ
- n/_V[rounded]>ɳ
- n/_V[front]>ɲ
- n/_k>ŋ
- ŋkʷ>ŋw>ŋ͡ʋ>ŋ͡ɱ>ɱ
- s/V_∅>ç>h>:
s/_V[front vowel]>ɕ; s/_V[back vowel]>ʂ - sʷ>sʋ>sf>
>f
sf/i_∅>s͡f (whistle) - l/_V[rounded]>ɭ
- lʷ>ɭ
- ls>lɬ>ɬ
- li>lj>j
- t/V_V>ɾ
ɾ/_V[back]>ɽ; ɾ/_V[front]>ʔ - t/_V[rounded]>ʈ
- ti>tʲi>ci
- ki>ci
- ci/[unstressed]>çi>ɕi
ɕi/V_∅>ɕ; ɕi/V_C>ʝ>j; ɕi/V_V>ʑ - ɛ>a
- e>ɛ; ɛ/C[labio-dental]_>a
- ʌ>ɔ
- i>ɨ
- ɯ>u>ɵ
- u>o>ɤ
Phonotactics
Syllables require an onset, which can't be a flap or tap,
Suprasegmentals
Stress
Orthography
Native script
Romanization
Morphophonology
processes when combining
Morphology
Pronoun
Noun
Class
expressed by the first consonant
- concept (laterals)
- coreful, animate (fricatives)
- coreless, inanimate (plosives)
coreful inanimates loan words from spellang
Particles
- agentive for agents of transitive verbs and volitional subjects of intransitive verbs
- possessive
Adjective
Verb
Tense
Aspect
Mood
potentials: physical vs. magical evidentials: visual, sensory, hearsay, foretelling
Topic
Presentation
Referring
once a topic has been presented, it is the one being referred to and the topic of relative clauses
Syntax
Word order
- PV or AV in intransitive
- APV in transitive
- AP1VP2 or AP1P2V in ditransitive (where P1 is the theme and P2 is the recipient)