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The setting is a Venus with a thinner crust which enables convection of heat within the planet's core and, despite Venus' slower rotation, the subsequent generation of a magnetic field sufficient to prevent the loss of the planet's oceans. | The setting is a Venus with a thinner crust which enables convection of heat within the planet's core and, despite Venus' slower rotation, the subsequent generation of a magnetic field sufficient to prevent the loss of the planet's oceans. | ||
Jakvalat (Often called Common Venerian in English) is the predominant lingua franca spoken on Venus (Ja: | Jakvalat (Often called Common Venerian in English) is the predominant lingua franca spoken on Venus (Ja: Sinty). It originated from the environs of the mercantile city of Tulirijyq on the continent of Jekkarramet. | ||
===Inspirations=== | ===Inspirations=== | ||
The main phonological inspirations were from Finnish and Greenlandic. The morphological inspirations will likely be primarily from the Inuit and the Uralic languages. | The main phonological inspirations were from Finnish and Greenlandic with some input from Tolkien's conlang, Quenya. The morphological inspirations will likely be primarily from the Inuit and the Uralic languages. | ||
<!-- Example categories/headings: | <!-- Example categories/headings: | ||
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|⟨ʜ⟩||⟨j⟩||/j/ | |⟨ʜ⟩||⟨j⟩||/j/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |⟨ʎ⟩||⟨i⟩||/i/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|⟨ɥ⟩|| | |⟨y⟩||⟨e⟩||/ɛ/ | ||
|- | |||
|⟨h⟩||⟨y⟩||/ə/ | |||
|- | |||
|⟨ɥ⟩||⟨a⟩||/ä/ | |||
|- | |- | ||
|⟨b⟩||⟨u⟩||/u/ | |⟨b⟩||⟨u⟩||/u/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|⟨q⟩|| | |⟨q⟩||⟨o⟩||/ɔ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| || Front||Central|| Back | | || Front||Central|| Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
| High || /i/|| ||/u/ | | High || /i/||/ə/ ||/u/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Low | | Low||/ɛ/ || /a/||/ɔ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
Jakvalat has | Note: | ||
For the purposes of vowel harmony, /ə/ counts as a high vowel and /ɛ, ɔ/ count as low vowels. | |||
Jakvalat has 6 vowel qualities which, according to WALS, is a small inventory. The consonant-vowel ratio is 2.0 which, according to WALS, is a moderately low ratio. | |||
===Allophony=== | ===Allophony=== | ||
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10. The geminate consonant clusters /mm, nn, ŋŋ/ are realised as [mb, nd, ŋɡ]. | 10. The geminate consonant clusters /mm, nn, ŋŋ/ are realised as [mb, nd, ŋɡ]. | ||
11. The geminate consonant clusters /ll, ɹɹ/ are realised as [ld, | 11. The geminate consonant clusters /ll, ɹɹ/ are realised as [ld, ʒd]. | ||
12. / | 12. The geminate consonant clusters /ʋʋ, jj/ are realised as [bw, ɡj]. | ||
13. / | 13. /i/ is realised as [ɪ] when following a /j/ onset. | ||
14. / | 14. /u/ is realised as [ʊ] when following /ʋ/ when it is the second segment of a consonant cluster. | ||
15. / | 15. /i, u/ are realised as [ɪ, ʊ] in closed syllables. | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
1. Syllable | 1. Syllable template: | ||
C(C)V(C) | |||
Notes: | Notes: | ||
C = consonant | C = consonant, V = vowel | ||
2. Permitted syllable codas: | 2. Permitted syllable codas: all consonants | ||
/ | 3. /ɬ, h, l, ɹ, ʋ, j/ do not occur morpheme-finally. | ||
4. If a particle has a word-final consonant then that consonant will be one of /m, n, ŋ/. | 4. If a particle has a word-final consonant then that consonant will be one of /m, n, ŋ/. | ||
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| T || - || tt || -||-||-||-||-||-||-|| -||tv*|| tj* | | T || - || tt || -||-||-||-||-||-||-|| -||tv*|| tj* | ||
|- | |- | ||
| K || - || -|| kk|| -||-||- | | K || - || -|| kk|| -|| -||-||-||-||-|| -||kv*|| kj* | ||
|- | |- | ||
| S || sp||st|| sk||ss|| -|| -||-||-||-|| sv|| sj | | S || sp||st|| sk||ss|| -|| -||-||-||-||-|| sv|| sj | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |H||hp||ht||hk||-||hh||-||-||-||-||-||hv||hj | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | M || mp|| -|| -|| -||-||mm|| -||-|| - || -||mv||- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | N|| - || nt|| -|| ns||nh|| -||nn|| -||-|| -||-||- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Q||-||-||qk||-||-||-||-||qq||-||-||-||qj | ||
|- | |- | ||
|R||rp||rt||rk||-||-||-||-||-||rr||rv||rj | |L||lp||lt||lk||-||-||-||-||-||ll||-||lv||lj | ||
|- | |||
|R||rp||rt||rk||-||-||-||-||-||-||rr||rv||rj | |||
|- | |||
|V||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||vv||- | |||
|- | |||
|J||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||-||jj | |||
|} | |} | ||
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7. Consecutive vowel sequences do not occur. | 7. Consecutive vowel sequences do not occur. | ||
8. Diphthongs | 8. Diphthongs do not occur. | ||
10. Most native roots are disyllabic with monosyllabic roots being restricted to pronouns. Most particles are monosyllabic. | |||
11. Roots may have one of the following phonotactic shapes: | |||
11 | |||
a. Pronominal And Numeral Roots Only: | a. Pronominal And Numeral Roots Only: | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || P||T || K||S||M|| N||Q || L|| R ||V|| J | | || P||T || K||S||H||M|| N||Q || L|| R ||V|| J | ||
|- | |- | ||
|P||pp||tt||kk||sp||mp||mp||mp||lp||rp||pv||pj | |P||pp||tt||kk||sp||hp||mp||mp||mp||lp||rp||pv||pj | ||
|- | |- | ||
|T||pp||tt||kk||st||nt||nt||nt||lt||rt||tv||tj | |T||pp||tt||kk||st||ht||nt||nt||nt||lt||rt||tv||tj | ||
|- | |- | ||
|K||pp||tt||kk||sk||qk||qk||qk||lk||rk||kv||kj | |K||pp||tt||kk||sk||hk||qk||qk||qk||lk||rk||kv||kj | ||
|- | |- | ||
| M || mp||nt|| qk||ns||mm||nn||qq|| ll|| rr|| mv||qj | | M || mp||nt|| qk||ns||nh||mm||nn||qq|| ll|| rr|| mv||qj | ||
|- | |- | ||
| N ||mp|| nt|| qk||ns||mm|| nn|| qq|| ll|| rr||mv||qj | | N ||mp|| nt|| qk||ns||nh||mm|| nn|| qq|| ll|| rr||mv||qj | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Q||mp||nt||qk||ns||mm||nn||qq||ll||rr||mv||qj | |Q||mp||nt||qk||ns||nh||mm||nn||qq||ll||rr||mv||qj | ||
|} | |} | ||
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c. Second segment of cluster runs along top of table. | c. Second segment of cluster runs along top of table. | ||
2. If a three-segment consonant cluster results from suffixation, then an epenthetic echo vowel is inserted after the first segment in the cluster. | |||
===Vowel Harmony=== | |||
1. Vowels are divided into two harmonic classes for the purposes of vowel harmony: | |||
a. High Vowels: /i, ə, u/. | |||
b. Low Vowels: /ɛ, a, ɔ/. | |||
2. | 2. All vowels in a root or particles must belong to the same harmonic class. | ||
3. | 3. All suffixes have two allomorphs,one containing high vowels, the other containing the corresponding low vowels. | ||
4. | 4. The vowels in a suffix must belong to the same harmonic class as the vowels in the preceding morpheme. | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== |
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