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Clofabosin/Middle: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Middle Clofabosin''' is the best attested early form of [[Clofabosin]] and is the ancestor of the Clofabic dialect continuum. It allowed more "weird" consonant clusters and vowel hiatuses than Modern Clofabosin; hiatusing vowels and compensatory lengthening from lost consonants gave rise to long vowels in conservative Modern Clofabosin. | ||
Important works in Middle Clofabosin include the Paliperidin (inspired by Pali and paliperidone), a text made up of philosophical poetry (palin = line, peridin = collection). | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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| '''ph, f''' /f/ | | '''ph, f''' /f/ | ||
| '''th''' /θ/ | | '''th''' /θ/ | ||
| '''s''' /s/<br/>''' | | '''s''' /s/<br/>'''š''' /{{sh}}/ | ||
| '''ch''' /x/ | | '''ch''' /x/ | ||
| | | | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Old Clofabosin had geminates, unlike modern Clofabosin: for example, 'to learn' was '' | Old Clofabosin had geminates, unlike modern Clofabosin: for example, 'to learn' was ''nibbuir'' (modern ''nịbuvir''). | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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| | | | ||
| '''a''' /a/ | | '''a''' /a/ | ||
| | | '''å''' /ɔ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
By the time of | By the time of Early Modern Clofabosin, /y/ had merged with /i/. | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
*''-in'' = | *''-in'' = that which is...?, later nominative | ||
*''-ol'' = genitive; ''-o'' = combining form | *''-ol'' = nominative, later genitive; ''-o'' = combining form | ||
*''- | *''-as(t)'' = with | ||
*''-one'' = towards | *''-one'' = towards | ||
*''-ib'' = locative | *''-ib'' = locative | ||
* ''-e'' = accusative, directive | |||
-n was originally a Caland affix -in, the source of -an (< -ain), -en (< -ein; -oin) and -i.n (< -iin, -uin) nouns in Modern Clofabosin. The majority of the largest group of nouns, the -.in nouns, acquired -in by analogy. | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
*''-ir'' = present: ''tpoir'' = 'eats' | *''-n-'': to be (~-navir) | ||
*''-zo'' = stative: ''tpozo'' = 'has eaten' | *''si'': old causative | ||
*''- | *''-ir'' = present progressive: ''tpoir'' = 'eats' | ||
*''-zo'' = stative: ''tpozo'' = 'has eaten' (the -le in modern -zole comes from eli- "to become") | |||
** ''-zo-ium-ub'' > ''-zoumab, -ziumab'' > Modern Clo. ''-zumab'' | |||
*''-ca, -ce'' = dynamic: ''tpoca'' = 'comes to eat'; | |||
* ''-ciš-'' is an irrealis: ''-ciš-ium-ub'' > ''-ximab'' | |||
*''-il'' = attributive | *''-il'' = attributive | ||
**''tpoil'' = who eats (modern dialectal ''spovil'') | **''tpoil'' = who eats (modern dialectal ''spovil'') | ||
*''-ium'' = neutral conjunctive for verbs: ''tpoium'' = ...eats, whereas... | ** ''tpozoil'' | ||
** ''tpotinil'', ''tpotnil'' | |||
** ''tpocil'' | |||
*''-ium'' = neutral conjunctive for both nouns and verbs: ''tpoium'' = ...eats, whereas... | |||
*''-ub'' = narrative past and subjunctive | *''-ub'' = narrative past and subjunctive | ||
**''tpoub'' or ''tpoiumub'' = ate, and then... | **''tpoub'' or ''tpoiumub'' = ate, and then... | ||
**''-ium-ub'' is the source of Modern Clofabosin ''-(u)mab''. | **''-ium-ub'' is the source of Modern Clofabosin ''-(u)mab'' which arose by dissimilation. Modern Clofabosin thus has ''spovir, spọmab'' for single syllable verb stems ending in a vowel. | ||
* ''-tin-ib'' is 'in the state of' (which became a habitual) ''-vetmab'' comes from ''vet-'' 'to continue' | |||
*''fo'' = realis negation, ''tu'' = irrealis | *''fo'' = realis negation, ''tu'' = irrealis | ||
*''-d-'' progressive | *''-d-'' progressive | ||
All verbs had the same paradigm. | |||
== Syntax == | |||
* ''šop=ol tpo'' = the fish eats (unmarked for tense) | |||
* ''šop=ol tpoir'' = the fish is eating | |||
* ''šop=ol tpotinib'' = the fish be eating | |||
Nonconfigurational? | |||
[[Category:Clofabic languages]] | [[Category:Clofabic languages]] | ||