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Lemizh: Difference between revisions
Plot flow
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* ''wèx. -e-'' denotes the inner nominative, so this word means "the sender of speaking" or "a/the speaker". | * ''wèx. -e-'' denotes the inner nominative, so this word means "the sender of speaking" or "a/the speaker". | ||
* ''àrdh. ∅–dh'' (having a zero prestem) is the stem for "eat", ''-ar-'' denotes the inner locative: "the place of eating". | * ''àrdh. ∅–dh'' (having a zero prestem) is the stem for "eat", ''-ar-'' denotes the inner locative: "the place of eating". | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Primary cases and their descriptors | |+ Primary cases and their descriptors | ||
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Each primary case has two corresponding secondary cases: a ''partitive'' case formed by adding ''ng'' (such as ''-ing-'' for the partitive dative or ''-erng-'' for the partitive elative) and a corresponding ''qualitative'' case formed by adding ''m''. | Each primary case has two corresponding secondary cases: a ''partitive'' case formed by adding ''ng'' (such as ''-ing-'' for the partitive dative or ''-erng-'' for the partitive elative) and a corresponding ''qualitative'' case formed by adding ''m''. | ||
=== | ===The flow of the plot=== | ||
Every action denoted by a word stem is considered a flow of information that comes from a source (sender), transports a content, and reaches a sink (a recipient). The terms "sender" and "recipient" may be more familiar, but "source" and "sink" are more accurate in not necessarily meaning living beings. | Every action denoted by a word stem is considered a flow of information that comes from a source (sender), transports a content, and reaches a sink (a recipient). The terms "sender" and "recipient" may be more familiar, but "source" and "sink" are more accurate in not necessarily meaning living beings. | ||
Consequently, a Lemizh action looks somewhat like this: '''nominative <span style="background: #ffc000; padding-bottom: 3px"> accusative</span>[[File:DreieckYellowMIDDLE.png|26px|link=]] dative''' | Consequently, a Lemizh action looks somewhat like this: '''nominative <span style="background: #ffc000; padding-bottom: 3px"> accusative</span>[[File:DreieckYellowMIDDLE.png|26px|link=]] dative''' | ||
This is called the action's | This is called the action's plot. Here are some examples: | ||
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| ''àdh.'' "feed; eat" || ''èdh.'' "the one feeding someone" || ''ỳdh.'' "the food" || ''ìdh.'' "the one being fed; the one eating" | | ''àdh.'' "feed; eat" || ''èdh.'' "the one feeding someone" || ''ỳdh.'' "the food" || ''ìdh.'' "the one being fed; the one eating" | ||
|- | |||
| ''ià.'' "love" || ''iè.'' "the one loving someone, the lover" || ''iỳ.'' "the beloved" || ''iì.'' "the beloved" | |||
|} | |} | ||
Importantly, there are no rules for which cases to use with which word. Both ''iỳ.'' ({{sc|acc}}) and ''iì.'' ({{sc|dat}}) mean "the beloved". The former describes the beloved as the content of love, the one being lovingly thought of, while the latter implies that the love reaches them, like words or gifts reach their recipient. Likewise, the reason why ''mlỳtx.'' is not translated in the table above isn't that "''melt'' does not take the accusative", as grammars of other languages would say, but that "the content of melting" does not seem to have any obvious meaning. If someone wanted to describe, say, sun rays as content transported from the sun to the snow to melt it, they could well use ''mlỳtx.'' to express the concept. | |||
Case usage is governed solely by the general concept of descriptors (and, based on that, the flow of the plot); in all concrete situations, it relies on speaker intuition and their ability to use metaphors for accommodating the semantics of different verbs. If the wind opens a door, is it the source of the action of opening (''ngèt.''), the means of opening (''ngùt.''), or the cause (''ngèlt.'')? All are grammatically correct; the speaker decides which possibility best expresses their intention. | |||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||