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User:Aleisi Galan/Sabian-Evolution: Difference between revisions

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Line 34: Line 34:
| c, ch
| c, ch
| t͡ʃ
| t͡ʃ
| before front vowels
| word initially, before front vowels
|-
| g
| z
| front vowels
|-
|-
| p, b, t, d, c, m
| p, b, t, d, c, m
Line 171: Line 167:
| u
| u
| all
| all
| back
|-
|}
===Vowel Raising===
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
|-
! colspan="60%"|<i>Proto-Slavic to Proto-Sabian</i>
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
! style="width:20%" | entry
! style="width:20%" | result
! style="width:40%" | condition (I/A)
! style="width:20%" | category
|-
| a
| ä
| when raised
| back
|-
| e
| i
| when raised
| front
|-
| i
| i:
| when raised
| treated as i
|-
| o
| ö
| when raised
| front
|-
| u
| ü
| when raised
| back
| back
|-
|-
Line 184: Line 218:
! style="width:20%" | result
! style="width:20%" | result
! style="width:40%" | condition (I/A)
! style="width:40%" | condition (I/A)
! style="width:20%" | category
|-
|-
| z
| z
| s
| s
| all, ! intervocalic
| all, ! intervocalic
| devoicing
|-
|-
| ž
| ž
| d͡z
| d͡z
| all
| all
| affricatisation
|-
|-
| ť, ď
| ť, ď
| t͡s, d͡z
| t͡s, d͡z
| all
| all
| affricatisation
|-
|-
| x
| x
| s
| s
| all
| all
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 352: Line 381:
| front
| front
|-
|-
| e, ě, i, ь
| e, ě, i, ь, ö
| je, jě, ji, jь
| je, jě, ji, jь, jö
| after all consonants
| after all consonants
| front
| front
Line 532: Line 561:
| kj, gj
| kj, gj
| t͡s, d͡z
| t͡s, d͡z
| before front vowels and/or j
| all
|-
|-
| tj, dj
| tj, dj
Line 590: Line 619:
| ë
| ë
| e
| e
| all
| front
|-
| ä
| ɛ
| all
| front
|-
| ö
| ɛ
| all
| front
|-
| ü
| i
| all
| all
| front
| front
Line 646: Line 690:
|}
|}
= Phonology and Orthography of Sabian=
= Phonology and Orthography of Sabian=
The phonology and orthography of Modern-Sabian finalised in the year 1924
The phonology and orthography of Modern-Sabian as finalised in the year 1934 after a period of standardisation following the end of WW1. The 1934 orthography effectively served to regularise the mediaeval spellings of Sabian words, in turn based off of mediaeval Polish, and as such is similar to modern Polish orthography while retaining many archaic features that have since been lost elsewhere.
===Consonant Phonology===
===Consonant Phonology===
* The consonant on the left is "hard", while the consonant on the right is "soft". If only one consonant is present, it is probably only soft.
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
|-
|-
Line 661: Line 706:
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | nasal
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | nasal
| m
| m (mʲ)
| n
| n (ɲ)
| ɲ
| ɲ
|
|
Line 668: Line 713:
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+plosive
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+plosive
| b
| b (bʲ)
| d
| d (d͡ʑ)
|  
|  
|
|
| g
| g (d͡z)
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-plosive
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-plosive
| p
| p (pʲ)
| t
| t (t͡ɕ)
|  
|  
|
|
| k
| k (t͡s)
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+affricate
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+affricate
|  
|  
| d͡z
| d͡z (d͡ʑ)
| d͡ʑ
| d͡ʑ
| d͡ʒ
| d͡ʒ
Line 690: Line 735:
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-affricate
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-affricate
|  
|  
| t͡s
| t͡s (t͡ɕ)
| t͡ɕ
| t͡ɕ
| d͡ʒ
| t͡ʃ
|  
|  
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+fricative
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+fricative
| v
| v (vʲ)
| (z)
| (z) (ʑ)
| ʑ
| ʑ
| (ʒ)
| (ʒ) (ʑ)
|  
| (ɣ) (ʝ)
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-fricative
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-fricative
| f
| f (fʲ)
| s
| s (ɕ)
| ɕ
| ɕ
| ʃ
| ʃ
|  
| x (ç)
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | rh/app/lat
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | rh/app/lat
|  
|  
| r, l~w
| r (ʃ), l~w (ʎ)
| ʎ
| ʎ
|  
|  
Line 720: Line 765:
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:60%"
|-
|-
! colspan="60%"|<i>Phonology of Modern-Sabian</i>
! colspan="60%"|<i>Orthography of Modern-Sabian</i>
|-
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
Line 742: Line 787:
|  
|  
|
|
| g (zi)
| g (gi)
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-plosive
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-plosive
| p (pi)
| p (pi)
| t (ci)
| t (zi)
|  
|  
|
|
| k (c)
| k, c (z)
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+affricate
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+affricate
|  
|  
| z
| dz (dzi)
| ź (zi)
| dź (dzi)
| dʒ
| (cz)
|  
|  
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-affricate
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-affricate
|  
|  
| c
| z (zi)
| ć (ci)
| ź (zi)
| cz
| cz
|  
|  
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+fricative
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v+fricative
| v
| v, w<sup>2</sup>
| (s)<sup>1</sup>
| (s)<sup>1</sup>
| (si)<sup>1</sup>
| ś<sup>1</sup> (si)
| (rz)<sup>1</sup>
| (rz)<sup>1</sup>
|  
| (ch)<sup>1</sup> (chi)
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-fricative
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | v-fricative
Line 776: Line 821:
| s
| s
| ś (si)
| ś (si)
| sz
| rz, sz, sch, w<sup>3</sup>
|  
| ch (chi)
|-
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | rh/app/lat
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | rh/app/lat
|  
|  
| r, l~w
| r, ł
| ʎ
| l
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 788: Line 833:
|}
|}
# these voiced consonants are allohphones of their voiceless counterparts, and so are written as though they are voiceless.
# these voiced consonants are allohphones of their voiceless counterparts, and so are written as though they are voiceless.
# v is used for native words, and w for loans from Polish and German in most cases.
# rz is used if the /ʃ/ comes from /rʲ/, while sz and sch are used in all other situations.
===Vowel Phonology===
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:40%"
|-
! colspan="60%"|<i>Phonology of Modern-Sabian</i>
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
! colspan="1" | Category
! style="width:15%" | front
! style="width:15%" | central
! style="width:15%" | back
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | high
| i(:)
|
| u(:)
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | mid
| e(:)
|
| o(:)
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | mid-low
| ɛ
|
| ɔ
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | low
|
| a(:)
|
|-
|}
===Vowel Orthography===
{| style="background-color:#F0F0F0;width:40%"
|-
! colspan="60%"|<i>Orthography of Modern-Sabian</i>
|-
|- style="background-color:#C0C0C0;"
! colspan="1" | Category
! style="width:15%" | front
! style="width:15%" | central
! style="width:15%" | back
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | high
| i, y<sup>1</sup>
|
| u
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | mid
| e
|
| o
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | mid-low
| ä, æ [TBD], ai
|
| au
|-
! style="background-color:#c0cfe4;" | low
|
| a
|
|-
|}
Aleisi Galan
455

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