Revision as of 23:18, 2 November 2014
Background
Phonology
Consonants
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Bilabial
|
Alveolar
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Post-alveolar
|
Retroflex
|
Palatal
|
Velar
|
Glottal
|
Nasal
|
m
|
n
|
|
|
|
ŋ
|
|
Plosive
|
p b
|
t d
|
|
|
|
k g
|
|
Fricative
|
ɸ
|
s
|
ʃ
|
ʐ
|
ç
|
|
h
|
Affricate
|
|
|
t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
|
|
|
|
|
Flap or tap
|
|
ɾ
|
|
|
|
|
|
Approximant
|
w
|
|
|
|
j
|
|
|
Lateral app.
|
l
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vowels
|
Front
|
Back
|
Close
|
i
|
u
|
Open-mid
|
ɛ
|
ɔ
|
Open
|
a
|
|
Vowels are considered to be short in all environments but may occur consecutively as in aanas 'sound' /ˈaːnas/.
Diphthongs
There are only four diphthongs proper: ai /ai/, ei /ei/, oi /oi/ and ou /ou/, which may be considered sequences of vowels in measuring syllables. In addition, any vowel is permitted to occur following the 'glides' /w/ or /j/.
Phonotactics
Is Burunking has a relatively restrictive syllabic structure, with a maximal form CGVVC, in which C represents a consonant, G a glide and V a vowel or diphthong. Of these, only the central vowel is essential but there are restrictions on the other elements also:
C1
|
G
|
V1
|
V2
|
C2
|
- optional
- only b, g, h, x, l or n word-initially
- any consonant word-medially
|
|
|
- optional
- only i, u or the preceding vowel repeated
|
- optional
- only s, sh, ng or z word-finally
- only n or m before a consonant
|
Orthography
The following Latin alphabet is used to write Is Burunking today.
Consonants
|
Weak
|
|
Strong
|
Graph
|
IPA
|
|
Graph
|
IPA
|
b
|
/b/
|
|
f
|
/ɸ/
|
d
|
/d/
|
|
t
|
/t/
|
j
|
/d͡ʒ/
|
|
ch
|
/t͡ʃ/
|
g
|
/g/
|
|
k
|
/k/
|
|
|
|
p
|
/p/
|
h
|
/h/
|
|
s
|
/s/
|
x
|
/ç/
|
|
sh
|
/ʃ/
|
n
|
/n/
|
|
ng
|
/ŋ/
|
|
|
|
m
|
/m/
|
l
|
/l/
|
|
|
|
r
|
/ɾ/
|
|
z
|
/ʐ/
|
Vowels & Diphthongs
|
a
|
/a/
|
|
ai
|
/ai/
|
e
|
/ɛ/
|
|
ei
|
/ei/
|
i
|
/i/
|
|
oi
|
/oi/
|
o
|
/ɔ/
|
|
ou
|
/ou/
|
u
|
/u/
|
|
|
|
Grammar
Morphology
Syntax