Naengic languages: Difference between revisions

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The '''Ashanic languages''' form a subbranch of the [[Lakovic languages]]. It includes some of the largest Lakovic languages, such as [[Windermere]] and [[Tseezh]].
The '''Naengic languages''' form a subbranch of the [[Lakovic languages]], including forms of [[Naeng]] and the vernacular [[Tergetian]] languages. It is characterized by some shared innovations:
#The Naengic Vowel Shift: A chain vowel shift ä > a > o > u > ü. Exception: -aʔ became -a, not -o.
#Shift to strong final stress.
#An associative plural *φam which could be used after a noun.
#A 4-tense system of past, present, future and imperative/subjunctive.
#A full set of personal pronouns, with an associative plural suffix in the 2nd and 3rd person plural and a grammaticalization of ''*tʔej sa'' 'this side' for 1st person plural exclusive.
#Retains preposed possessive pronouns. (Classical Windermere had those.)
 
PLak φetn Xtar > *hìnθar > inθar by Grassmann
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial
!  |Dental
!  |Domed
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
|
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Stop
! |<small>plain</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
|
|
| '''k''' /k/
| '''ʔ''' /ʔ/
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
|
| 
| '''g''' /g/
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
|
| '''s''' /s̻/
| '''ś''' /s̺/
| '''š''' /ʃ/
|
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate
|
| '''c''' /ts̻/
| '''ć''' /ts̺/
| ('''č''' /tʃ/)
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''w''' /w/
| '''l''' /l/
| '''r''' /r/
| '''y''' /j/
|
|
|}
 
===Vowels===
Proto-Ashanic had 6 vowels and register tone:
 
'''i ü u e o a''' = /i y u e o a/
 
'''ì ǜ ù è ò à''' = /i y u e o a/ + breathy voice
 
===Phonotactics===
Final consonant clusters were allowed, unlike in [[Windermere]]; they are the source of final voiced stops in Windermere.
 
Prefinal syllables only allowed the vowels /a i u/.
 
===Stress===
Stress was likely on the final syllable.
 
==Grammar==
[[Category:Lakovic languages]]

Latest revision as of 17:18, 27 July 2022

The Naengic languages form a subbranch of the Lakovic languages, including forms of Naeng and the vernacular Tergetian languages. It is characterized by some shared innovations:

  1. The Naengic Vowel Shift: A chain vowel shift ä > a > o > u > ü. Exception: -aʔ became -a, not -o.
  2. Shift to strong final stress.
  3. An associative plural *φam which could be used after a noun.
  4. A 4-tense system of past, present, future and imperative/subjunctive.
  5. A full set of personal pronouns, with an associative plural suffix in the 2nd and 3rd person plural and a grammaticalization of *tʔej sa 'this side' for 1st person plural exclusive.
  6. Retains preposed possessive pronouns. (Classical Windermere had those.)

PLak φetn Xtar > *hìnθar > inθar by Grassmann

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Domed Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ŋ /ŋ/
Stop plain p /p/ t /t/ k /k/ ʔ /ʔ/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative s /s̻/ ś /s̺/ š /ʃ/ h /h/
Affricate c /ts̻/ ć /ts̺/ (č /tʃ/)
Approximant w /w/ l /l/ r /r/ y /j/

Vowels

Proto-Ashanic had 6 vowels and register tone:

i ü u e o a = /i y u e o a/

ì ǜ ù è ò à = /i y u e o a/ + breathy voice

Phonotactics

Final consonant clusters were allowed, unlike in Windermere; they are the source of final voiced stops in Windermere.

Prefinal syllables only allowed the vowels /a i u/.

Stress

Stress was likely on the final syllable.

Grammar

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