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Verse:Irta/Cualand: Difference between revisions
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Prime Minister of Fishome: Arcoll Rithcomaw | Prime Minister of Fishome: Arcoll Rithcomaw | ||
President of Andaegor: Teáil- | President of Andaegor: Teáil-Í Lí (of Korean-Talman background) | ||
Various degrees of Earth/Tricin mixes in different aspects of the culture | Various degrees of Earth/Tricin mixes in different aspects of the culture | ||
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*Fishome (English and Eevo are official; Netagin is the second most common language) | *Fishome (English and Eevo are official; Netagin is the second most common language) | ||
*Andaegor (Anbirese is official but Netagin is the most common language, followed by Mingen Vibish, [[Ouřefr]], Albionian, Irish, and [[Clofabosin]]; it's culturally more Bjeheondian than Talman. Among Jews, English, Ăn Yidiș and Galoyseg are spoken more than Judeo-Anbirese) | *Andaegor (Anbirese is official but Netagin is the most common language, followed by Mingen Vibish, [[Ouřefr]], Albionian, Irish, and [[Clofabosin]]; it's culturally more Bjeheondian than Talman. Among Jews, English, Ăn Yidiș and Galoyseg are spoken more than Judeo-Anbirese) | ||
===Cities=== | |||
*Bathening (from Scellan ''bøøð enañ'' "high waters") | |||
*Nginening (from Scellan ''ñain enañ'' "fast waters") | |||
*Rethought (from Scellan ''Riþollt'') | |||
==Anthem== | |||
The national anthem of Cualand was written by Bayroy Cafeece and is notable for mentioning Scella. | |||
==Names== | ==Names== | ||
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==Languages== | ==Languages== | ||
in order of popularity: English, Netagin, Eevo, Irish, Albionian, Hivantish, | in order of popularity: English, Netagin, Eevo, Irish, Albionian, Hivantish, Knench, Wiebian, Mandarin, (written entirely in pinyin with tone markers; hanzi isn't used in Tricin), Cuam, Hebrew (7 million), Ăn Yidiș (5 million), Clofabosin, Anbirese, Galoyseg, Slavo-Windermere, An Bhlaoighne, Judeo-Anbirese | ||
(Use a Zipf distribution for number of speakers) | (Use a Zipf distribution for number of speakers) | ||
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*trovihwñ /tɹɔvɪhuː/ | *trovihwñ /tɹɔvɪhuː/ | ||
*beđ ry /bɛðˈɹɜː/ | *beđ ry /bɛðˈɹɜː/ | ||
* | *Hnawhaswel /hnaʊhəseɪ/ | ||
Sometimes h is dropped in Cualand Eevo, as in Modern Hebrew, so | Sometimes h is dropped in Cualand Eevo, as in Modern Hebrew, so Hnawhasewl is pronounced /naʊəseɪ/ and the Windermere prefix hyl- is simply pronounced /ʊ/. | ||
====Judeo-Eevo==== | ====Judeo-Eevo==== | ||
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Far East Semitic is commonly spoken in Crackfic Andaegor. The dominant FES language is the one that's closest to proto-FES. | Far East Semitic is commonly spoken in Crackfic Andaegor. The dominant FES language is the one that's closest to proto-FES. | ||
=== Netagin === | === Netagin === | ||
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=== Cualand Irish === | === Cualand Irish === | ||
In Cualand, Irish is mainly spoken in the Éire Nua (placeholder name) province of Fishome. (Like in Irta, Irish has many speakers in Crackfic Tricin | In Cualand, Irish is mainly spoken in the Éire Nua (placeholder name) province of Fishome and Andaegor. (Like in Irta, Irish has many speakers in Crackfic Tricin) | ||
Cualand Irish is | Standard Cualand Irish is an archaizing form of Cork Irish: | ||
* | * It retains the Classical Irish distinction between ''molaidh sé'' /mˠɔlˠətʲ ʃeː/ 'he praises', ''ní mholann sé'' 'he does not praise', ''a mholas sé'' (neg. ''nach-N molas sé'') 'whom he praises (direct relative)', ''a-N molann sé'' (neg. ''nach-N molann sé'') 'he praises (indirect relative)'. | ||
* | * It has some Hebrew syntactic influence in the literary register. | ||
It has very little influence from English or from Trician languages (except Eevo); however it's innovative in its own particular ways. The Irish of pre-Mac Léivigh literature like Ádhamh na Binne Fiona is quite archaic by our standards, almost identical to Classical Irish with some syntactic Hebraisms. | |||
It has very little influence from English or from Trician languages; however it's innovative in its own particular ways. The Irish of pre-Mac Léivigh literature like Ádhamh na Binne Fiona is quite archaic by our standards, almost identical to Classical Irish with some syntactic Hebraisms. | |||
Today, Cualand Irish is written in a much shallower orthography, introduced by Alastair Mac Léivigh, based on similar principles to Cyrillic. The older orthography, identical to our post-reform Irish orthography but written in Gaelic type, was used in Ádhamh na Binne Fíona's times. | Today, Cualand Irish is written in a much shallower orthography, introduced by Alastair Mac Léivigh, based on similar principles to Cyrillic. The older orthography, identical to our post-reform Irish orthography but written in Gaelic type, was used in Ádhamh na Binne Fíona's times. | ||
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Like literary Ăn Yidiș(*), Literary Cualand Irish is often influenced by literary Hebrew syntax, for example using ''iolaigh'' ('to VERB a lot', from OIr ''ilaigidir'' 'to increase') and other verbs as auxiliaries where English would use adverbs (coincidentally similar to Anbirese), and using morphological verbing with ''-aigh'' and ''-áil'' (for verbing nouns and forming causatives) more productively than Irta Irish. Hebrew lexical borrowing is restricted to slang. | Like literary Ăn Yidiș(*), Literary Cualand Irish is often influenced by literary Hebrew syntax, for example using ''iolaigh'' ('to VERB a lot', from OIr ''ilaigidir'' 'to increase') and other verbs as auxiliaries where English would use adverbs (coincidentally similar to Anbirese), and using morphological verbing with ''-aigh'' and ''-áil'' (for verbing nouns and forming causatives) more productively than Irta Irish. Hebrew lexical borrowing is restricted to slang. | ||
* {{Gael|Is | * {{Gael|Is beannaighthe Thú, a Thigheaꞃna, a neach tꞃócaiꞃigh a iolaigheas do mhaitheamh.}} 'Blessed are You, O Lord, compassionate one who is oft-forgiving.' ({{Heb|ברוך אתה ה' חנון המרבה לסלוח}}) [from the first Cualandian Irish siddur translation; ''do+L'' is an archaic form of the particle ''a'' which is similar to German ''zu'' and Hebrew ''le-'' before infinitive construct forms.] | ||
* ''Stadfainn é sula n-iomarcálfadh sé a dhul.'' 'I would have stopped him before he went too far.' (lit. I would have stopped him before he would have excessed to go) | * ''Stadfainn é sula n-iomarcálfadh sé a dhul.'' 'I would have stopped him before he went too far.' (lit. I would have stopped him before he would have excessed to go) | ||
* ''Nuair a ghlinníodh sí ar na bláthanna gach maidin, churadh sí tuilleadh an ghrian a mholadh.'' 'Whenever she gazed at the flowers every morning she would additionally praise the sun.' (lit. add to praise the sun) | * ''Nuair a ghlinníodh sí ar na bláthanna gach maidin, churadh sí tuilleadh an ghrian a mholadh.'' 'Whenever she gazed at the flowers every morning she would additionally praise the sun.' (lit. add to praise the sun) | ||
* ''admhaigh'' 'to acknowledge' is also used for 'to thank' (with the dative preposition ''do'' for the person who is thanked), like Hebrew הודה ''hoda'' 'to acknowledge; to thank'. (Some say this is a natural development of the sense 'to acknowledge the receipt of'.). ''Admháil duit'' is a common synonym of ''go raibh maith agat''. | * ''admhaigh'' 'to acknowledge' is also used for 'to thank' (with the dative preposition ''do'' for the person who is thanked), like Hebrew הודה ''hoda'' 'to acknowledge; to thank'. (Some say this is a natural development of the sense 'to acknowledge the receipt of'.). ''Admháil duit'' is a common synonym of ''go raibh maith agat''. | ||
Another commonly used Hebrew construction in Cualand Irish, also found in Netagin, is "VERB an ADJ VERBing": ''tháinig sé teacht tapa'' 'he came quickly' (lit. he came a quick coming) | Another commonly used Hebrew construction in Cualand Irish, also found in Netagin, is "VERB an ADJ VERBing": ''tháinig sé teacht tapa'' 'he came quickly' (lit. he came a quick coming). Other Hebrew calques are found in use in Hebrew-speaking regions of Cualand, such as ''cé a thabharfas'' (+ present subjunctive) for expressing a strongly held wish, a calque of מי ייתן ו + future: ''Cé a thabharfas go mbuailimid le chéile arís.'' 'May we meet again.' | ||
Both Talman and Cualandian Irish jokes may start with a cleft construction, which marks the sentence as new information: ''Siúl a rinne fear isteach i mbeár'' lit. 'it's walking that a man did into a bar', as in French (''c'est un mec qui rentre dans un bar'' 'it's a guy who walks into a bar'). Anecdotes and stories in general also tend to begin with a cleft construction, like how Modern Hebrew uses היה היה ''hayo haya'' for 'once upon a time'. This is a result of French influence. | Both Talman and Cualandian Irish jokes may start with a cleft construction, which marks the sentence as new information: ''Siúl a rinne fear isteach i mbeár'' lit. 'it's walking that a man did into a bar', as in French (''c'est un mec qui rentre dans un bar'' 'it's a guy who walks into a bar'). Anecdotes and stories in general also tend to begin with a cleft construction, like how Modern Hebrew uses היה היה ''hayo haya'' for 'once upon a time'. This is a result of French influence. | ||
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==== Vocabulary ==== | ==== Vocabulary ==== | ||
A slight majority of Cualand's Irish speakers are not Catholics; they tend to be Remonitionist, irreligious or Jewish. Thus many overtly Catholic expressions are not used (e.g. ''urnaí'' is preferred over ''paidir''), or have lost their Catholic connotations (for example, minced oaths). | A slight majority of Cualand's Irish speakers are not Catholics; they tend to be Remonitionist, irreligious or Jewish. Thus many overtly Catholic expressions are not used (e.g. ''urnaí'' is preferred over ''paidir''), or have lost their Catholic connotations (for example, minced oaths). | ||
* ''baile gan'' 'a mess' (from Eevo, via Cualand Ăn Yidiș ''bală gan'') | * ''baile gan'' 'a mess' (from Eevo, via Cualand Ăn Yidiș ''bală gan'') | ||
==== Phonology ==== | ==== Phonology ==== | ||
In General Cualand Irish, broad ''t'' is often a fricative [θˠ] and slender ''t'' is usually an affricate [tsʰ] or [t͡ɕʰ]. Broad ''s'' is dental like Ăn Yidiș ''s'' or Mandarin ''s''. | In General Cualand Irish, broad ''t'' is often a fricative [θˠ] and slender ''t'' is usually an affricate [tsʰ] or [t͡ɕʰ]. Broad ''s'' is dental like Ăn Yidiș ''s'' or Mandarin ''s''. | ||
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Cultivated Cualand Irish phonology is essentially that of our conservative Cork Irish (with less English influence) and even has the Cork intonation, with pitch starting and remaining high and falling on a stressed syllable. | Cultivated Cualand Irish phonology is essentially that of our conservative Cork Irish (with less English influence) and even has the Cork intonation, with pitch starting and remaining high and falling on a stressed syllable. | ||
Broad Cualand Irish incorporates more features that are in Ulster/Gàidhlig/Manx in our timeline. '' | Broad Cualand Irish incorporates more features that are in Ulster/Gàidhlig/Manx in our timeline. Broad Cualand Irish is influenced by Eevo, Qazhrian, Korean, and Japanese phonology; for example broad L is pronounced like Eevo L. | ||
==== Syntax ==== | |||
Our Cork Irish, with slang terms from Talmic/Lakovic and topic-prominence (from Eevo, Korean and Japanese) and pronoun omission in broad speech* | |||
''Mise tá claíomh (agam)'' 'I have a sword' (Standard ''Tá claíomh agam'') | |||
''Tusa 's claíomh atá (agat), mise 's iachár atá (agam)'' 'You have a sword, I have a Talman machine gun' or even ''Tusa 's claíomh, mise 's iachár'' | |||
Cualandian Irish jokes may start with a cleft construction, which marks the sentence as new information: ''Siúl isteach i mbeár a rinne fear'' lit. 'it's walking into a bar that a man did', as in French (''c'est un mec qui rentre dans un bar'' 'it's a guy who walks into a bar') and Irta Hebrew (בוא בא איש אל בית-משתה). | |||
Broad Cualand Irish also has fully German-like infinitive clauses from Korean and Clofabosin influence: a+L VN goes all the way to the end, instead of coming after the direct object and before adjuncts. | |||
=== Cualand Korean === | |||
largely spoken in Andaegor with an Irish/Tiberian Hebrew-esque accent; all words have weak final stress | |||
Cualand Korean has no dueum beopchik; a phonemic split of rieul into ɾ/ɫ̪/ɺʲ/l̠ʲ from the influx of loans (native broad rieul is ɾˠ, slender rieul is ɺʲ, geminate rieul is ɫ or l̠ | |||
"and" for nouns is always -wa, never -kwa | |||
Initial m n are not denasalized. | |||
Lots of calques and loans from Irish (in addition to English and Hanja) in formal language; borrows Latin and Greek words via Irish. Code switching with Irish and English is common | |||
should sound stilted in a way somewhat different from English literally translated into Korean does; sometimes it's focus-prominent, rather than being topic-prominent, from Irish influence; the topic sometimes comes after the verb, just as it does in our colloquial Korean | |||
까마귀를 먹이기를 한 거야, 오늘은 = It's feeding the crow(s) which I did today | |||
사과를 먹은 거야 션은 / 사과야 션이 먹은 건 = Is úll a d'ith Seán | |||
ㄷ ㄸ ㅌ are dental with ㅌ sometimes [θ] and the voiced allophone of ㄷ sometimes [ð], vowel system is /i e E a O o u ɨ/; /ə/ is a loan phoneme used to borrow Irish and English schwa | |||
Borrows English and Irish /ɪ ʊ/ as /e o/ | |||
Initial, and non-initial post-vocalic, ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ > [x θ f]; voiced ㄱ ㄷ ㅂ > [ɣ ð v], [v] merging with historical lenited ㅂ in ㅂ-irregular verbs; ㅊ becomes [ʃʰ]? | |||
Thus the consonantal phonology looks like: | |||
* k⁼(ʲ) kʰ(ʲ) ɣ(ʲ) x(ʲ) ŋ(ʲ) | |||
* ts⁼(ʲ) tsʰ(ʲ) | |||
* t̪(ʲ) t̪ʰ(ʲ) ð θ n(ʲ) | |||
* p⁼(ʲ) pʰ(ʲ) v(ʲ) f(ʲ) m(ʲ) | |||
* ɾ ɺʲ ɫ̪ lʲ | |||
* sʰ ʃʰ s ʃ h ç | |||
[moˈðɨˑn iŋgaˈnɨˑn θʰɛɔˈnaˑl̠ʲ t̪⁼ɛvuˈθʰɔ tsʰajuɾˠovɨˈmʲɔ kʰɨ tsʰonɔmˈwa kʰwəl̠ʲieiˈsɔ t̪ʰoŋd̪ɨŋaˈða] | |||
=== Cualand Japanese === | |||
Similar shift to focus-prominence as in Cualand Korean | |||
=== Cualand Mandarin === | |||
/l/ is velarized unless before /i y j/, initial /w/ > /v/ | |||
=== Cualand Ăn Yidiș === | === Cualand Ăn Yidiș === | ||
"What if An Yidish was more Scottish/Mandarin/Icelandic" | "What if An Yidish was more Scottish/Mandarin/Icelandic" | ||
Cualand Ăn Yidiș has Icelandic-ish stops with phenomena like preaspiration, -rt = [rhʈ⁼], etc. so Hanukkah = */'χanɪhkə/ > ['xanɪçk⁼ə], though these features aren't used in liturgical Hebrew. | Cualand Ăn Yidiș descends from Eastern European Ăn Yidiș and thus from Proto-Ăn Yidiș as conventionally understood, and is similar to Standard Ăn Yidiș, but has Icelandic-ish stops with phenomena like preaspiration, -rt = [rhʈ⁼], etc. so Hanukkah = */'χanɪhkə/ > ['xanɪçk⁼ə], though these features aren't used in liturgical Hebrew. | ||
* /r/ is more consistently a trill or flap | * /r/ is more consistently a trill or flap | ||
* /tʰ/ is usually [θ] | * /tʰ/ is usually [θ] | ||
* /s/ is lamino-dental | * /s ts⁼ tsʰ/ is lamino-dental | ||
* /t⁼ t͡s⁼/ consistently become [ð z] after a vowel when not immediately followed by an underlyingly voiceless consonant (aspirated stop or voiceless fricative). | * /t⁼ t͡s⁼/ consistently become [ð z] after a vowel when not immediately followed by an underlyingly voiceless consonant (aspirated stop or voiceless fricative). | ||
* Postalveolars /t͡ʃ⁼ t͡ʃʰ ʃ ʒ/ are usually alveolopalatals [t͡ɕ⁼ t͡ɕʰ ɕ ʑ]. | * Postalveolars /t͡ʃ⁼ t͡ʃʰ ʃ ʒ/ are usually alveolopalatals [t͡ɕ⁼ t͡ɕʰ ɕ ʑ]. | ||
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Cualand Ăn Yidiș has a version of the Scots vowel length system: except for stressed /ə iə uə/, every stressed vowel is allophonically long when: | Cualand Ăn Yidiș has a version of the Scots vowel length system: except for stressed /ə iə uə/, every stressed vowel is allophonically long when: | ||
* Before voiced fricatives, namely /v, ð, z, ʑ, ʁ/, and also before /r/. | * Before voiced fricatives, namely /v, ð, z, ʑ, ʁ/, and also before /r/. | ||
* Before another vowel: פיאך ''fi·ăch'' 'raven' ['fi:əx] vs. פיעך ''fiech'' 'debt; worthy' [fiəx] (homophonous in Irtan Ăn Cayzăn, and both written פיעך in Irta) | * Before another vowel: פיאך ''fi·ăch'' 'raven' ['fi:əx] vs. פיעך ''fiech'' 'debt; worthy' [fiəx] (homophonous in Irtan Ăn Cayzăn, and both written פיעך in Irta). | ||
* Before a morpheme boundary | * Before a morpheme boundary. | ||
Unstressed vowels are pronounced more like they are in Scottish Gaelic: זעראק 'red' is ['t͡s⁼ɛ:ɾag] | Unstressed vowels are pronounced more like they are in Scottish Gaelic: זעראק ''zerăg'' 'red' is ['t͡s⁼ɛ:ɾag] and סקשיסאל ''sgșisăl'' 'awful' is ['sk{{sh}}isal]. | ||
Gü-Ghoydeliș is popular even in real life; e.g. in signages or Renaissance faires. | Gü-Ghoydeliș is popular even in real life; e.g. in signages or Renaissance faires. | ||
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''bală gan'' (lit. 'town without') 'a mess' (a mistranslation of Eevo ''vee ðrav'' lit. 'state/station without'; ''vee'' also means 'town') | ''bală gan'' (lit. 'town without') 'a mess' (a mistranslation of Eevo ''vee ðrav'' lit. 'state/station without'; ''vee'' also means 'town') | ||
==Enclaves== | ==Enclaves== | ||
Mostly Trician | Mostly Trician | ||
Balðimoor Serñ/New Baltimore/Bamăr Ür (Ḷbāḷdimōra in Palkhan): A Hasidic enclave | Balðimoor Serñ/New Baltimore/Bamăr Ür (Ḷbāḷdimōra in Palkhan): A Hasidic enclave | ||
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**''The Theory and Practice of Hanierůl'' | **''The Theory and Practice of Hanierůl'' | ||
* Inthar '''Turandaught''', opera singer | * Inthar '''Turandaught''', opera singer | ||
* Bayroy '''Cafeese''', composer who used Snielist themes | |||
** part of an ensemble ''Cyfís as Yjíad'' | |||
===Sculptors and painters=== | ===Sculptors and painters=== | ||