Verse:Irta/English/Non-Azalic etyma: Difference between revisions

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 A list of English words ''not'' inherited from Proto-Azalic. (with etymologies different from Earth etymologies)
-Most Arabic loans in English instead come from an unrelated Camalic language.
 ==Semitic==
+*''boor'' from Hebraeo-An Yidish בּוּר 'ignoramus', via dialectal Irtan Irish ''búr''
 *''dint'' as in ''by dint of'' from [[Togarmite]] ''dint'' 'judgment, sentence', from the root √d-(j)-n 'to opine, to judge'
 *''main'' meaning 'high seas' from [[Togarmite]] ''mein'' 'water' (cognate to Hebrew מים ''máyim'')
-*''siren'' from Togarmite ''seiran'' 'alarm, smoke signal' from the root √s-(j)-r 'to call, to warn' (hypothetical cognate to Hebrew שר ''shar'' 'to sing').
+*''weird'' from OTog ''yėred'' 'conspicuous', active participle of ''yarād'' 'to appear, to descend', via a Brythonic language
-*''weird'' from Togarmic ''wierd'' 'conspicuous' < OTog ''wėrēd'', active participle of ''warād'' 'to appear, to descend'
 *''fellow'' from OTog ''φallāh''
-*''sure, ensure, assure, insure'' from Togarmite ''yšur'' (related to Hebrew אישר ''ʔiššér'' 'to confirm' and אשר ''ʔăšer'' a relativizer originally meaning 'place')
-*''ennui'' from Togarmite ''anúj'' 'angst', originally 'suffering' in Early Modern Togarmite but it fell out of use and was revived as a philosophical term meaning 'existential angst'; in turn borrowed from Cubrite ''ąnúy'', inherited from Hebrew עינוי ''(hā-)ʕinnuy'' 'torment, torture' (root ʕ-n-y "poor, affliction", doublet of native Togarmite ''ȝanėþ'' 'to need')
-*''elite'' from Aramaic עליתא ''ʕelitå'' "upper story"
-*''keen'' meaning 'to wail, to lament' from [[Cubrite]] ''kín'' 'weeping, lament', from Hebrew קינה ''*kʼīnā'' 'lament'; a common synonym of 'mourn, lament' in Jewish English, influenced by the Hebrew
-*''host'' (first used as a verb 'to provide hospitality') from [[Cubrite]] ''hóst'' 'hospitality, accommodation; things provided for such purpose' < Early Modern ''*hást'' (trap-bath) < [[Ancient Cubrite]] ''ħast'' "generosity, kindness" < Biblical Hebrew חסד 'grace' (TibH ''ħéseḋ'')
-*''dude'' from [[Cubrite]] ''túd'' 'bro', from Hebrew דוד *dōd 'beloved'
 *''mesmerize'' from Togarmite ''myzmerezi'' "to play the myzmer"
 *''hobby'' from Togarmite ''habi''
+*''cry'' from Knench ''ᴋrí'' /kʰɹəj/, from Ancient Knench ''ᴋarīhā'' 'calling', Semitic root √q-r-ʔ
+* ''fast'' originally meant 'direct, easy' and came from Togarmite ''*fásat'' 'it was easy/simple', meaning influenced by Aramaic ''pešit'' 'simple'
+* ''hygge'' from a Knench source: ''hykki''/''hiwkki'' 'coziness' < *higgūj (verbal noun of *higgV:), cognate of Hebrew הגה 'to contemplate, to utter/speak'
+* ''touch'': its Vulgar Latin source ''tuccāre'' 'to touch' comes from a stage of Knench ''*tə-hukkō'' 'he was hit' (~ Hebrew hikkå 'he hit') or ''*tə-huggaȝ'' 'he reached' (gg = /k⁼/) (~ Hebrew higia3 'he reached')
+* ''dude'' from Knench ''tud'' '(derogatory term), bro' (cognate to Hebrew ''dod'')
 ==Indo-Iranian and Mixolydian==
 *''bad'', from Naušahri ''bad''
-*''shelter'', from Mixolydian šeltər <- šeltrą, ultimately from ḱel-dʰrom
+*''shelter'', from Mixolydian ''šelter'' <- šeltrą, ultimately from ḱel-dʰrom
-*''curry'', from Mixolydian kari <- karyą, ultimately from gʷʰor-yom (lit. "warm" or "cooked")
+*''curry'', from Mixolydian ''kari'' <- karyą, ultimately from gʷʰor-yom (lit. "warm" or "cooked")
-*''vessel'', from Mixolydian vesəl <- veslą, ultimately from *weǵʰ-slom (cognate with Czech ''veslo'' "oar")
+*''vessel'', from Mixolydian ''vesel'' <- veslą, ultimately from *weǵʰ-slom (cognate with Czech ''veslo'' "oar")
 *''sauna'' from Mixolydian ''snono'' <- PIE sneh2on-eh2
 *''path'' from Mixolydian ''paθ'', from Old Nomadic Mixolydian ''paθą'' "flight", from PIE poth2om
-==Italo-Celtic==
+==Italic, Celtic and Greek==
+*''dance'' from Irish ''damhsa'', originally onomatopoeic
 *''land'', from Gaulish ''landā'' <- *lendʰ
 *''island'', from Norman ''isle'' and Gaulish ''landā''
 *''tread, trot''; ultimately from Proto-Celtic *tregess "foot"
 *''eigenvalue'' <- Galatian ''aegen'' <- h₂eyḱ-iHn-eh₂
+*''fiddle'' <- Latin ''fidicula'' <- ''fidēs'' <- Greek ''sphídē''
+*''pasta'' <- Latin ''pasta'', via Greek
+*''embassy'' <- Kwenya εμβασεια ''ëmbasia'' <- Proto-Celtic ''ambaxtyā''
+*''ambassador'' <- Kwenya εμβασειαδης ''ëmbasiadyar'' <- Greek -αδης
+*''almond'' <- Kwenya αμυνδαλη ''amwindalya'' <- Greek ''amygdalē'' (gd -> nd is a regular sound change in Kwenya)
+* ''broad'' (referring to accents) is originally a calque from Majorcan Irish ''caint leathan'', referring to Irish slender consonants depalatalizing and broad consonants becoming Arabic emphatic consonants in broad Majorcan Irish
+* ''run amok'' from Irish ''amach'' 'outward', via Albionian ''šapo amók'' 'to run out of control'
+* ''buzzard'' from Old Irish ''baḋḃ'' 'hooded crow' (via Corsican Arabic ''BaZWə, BuZWə'') + French ''-ard''
-==Qivattutannguaq==
+==Hivantish ==
-*''zillion'' from ''zilliun'' '10,000'
+*''zillion'' from ''zillių'' '10,000'
-==Camalic==
-*''dance'', from Padmanābha ''danseo'', from the root ''dan'' (rhythm; onomatopoetic)
-*''wife'' from Padmanābha ''wayeoph'' (lady, Mrs.)
-*''canola'' from L-Arabic
-*''saga'' from L-Arabic ''sāgā''
-*"fiasco" <- An Bhlaoighne "fias có"
-Padmanábha? L-Arabic?
-fíl "to feel"
-twitj "to twitch"
-wíd "weed"
-rén "rain"
-gárlic, líc "garlic, leek"
-brod "broad"
-síl "seal"
-slíp "to sleep"
-hapí "happy"
-==Palkhan==
+==Riphean==
-*''dolma'' from Palkhan ''ṇtōḷma-dākiya'' "grape leaf"
+*''mask'' (a later Riphean borrowing), ''mesh'' (a borrowing into Proto-Azalic) from Old Riphean ''maskā'' (mesh, net, face mask)
-*''sushi'' from Naušahri ''suši'' <- ''suš'' "seaweed", from Palkhan ''sūṣa'' "seaweed"
+*''calf'' from Proto-Azalic ''colṗa'', from Old Riphean ''kalpa'' (womb)
-*''pilaf'' from Naušahri ''pelav'', from Palkhan ''pḷāv-'' "to mix"
+*''ever'' from Northern Proto-Azalic ''aiveirċa'', from Old Riphean ''ai verxyai'' (in life), from PIE *h1en perkw-y-oi, cognate with modern Riphean ''swerxa'' "healthy" from *h1su-perkw-
-*''extravaganza'' from Palkhan ''kṣṭravagāṃza'', from Latin ''extrāvagantia''
+*Some days of the week or gods from Old Riphean? like Tuesday <- Tue <- Tėwa/Tėwavēðra <- deywos / deywo-peh2tr-
-*''balcony'' from Palkhan ''baḷakōṇi''
-*''stanza'' from Palkhan ''ṣṭhāṃza'' "thesis", semantically drifted from Latin ''stāntia''
-*''patio'' from Palkhan ''paṭṭiya'' "lawn"
-==Greek==
+==Balkhan==
-''mezzanine''?
+Most words that come from Italian in our timeline come from Balkhan.
+*''dolma'' from Balkhan ''dôlma-dâkia'' "grape leaf"
+*''pilaf'' from Naušahri ''pelav'', from Balkhan ''pilav-'' "to mix"
+*''extravaganza'' from Balkhan ''kstravagẫza'', from Latin ''extrāvagantia''
+*''balcony'' from Balkhan ''balkhani''
+*''stanza'' from Balkhan ''stẫza'' "thesis", semantically drifted from Latin ''stāntia''
+*''patio'' from Balkhan ''pattia'' "lawn"
+*''mezzanine'' from Balkhan ''mazyanîna'', from Vulgar Latin *mediānīnus
+*''veranda'' from Balkhan ''varânda''
+*''imbroglio'' and ''embroil'' from Balkhan ''imbrôlya'', from ''imbra'' "to confuse" (''embroil'' was influenced by the native verb ''broil'' <- PAz bhruq̇el-)
+*''zucchini'' from Balkhan ''zukkîna'', from Balkhan ''zukka'' "bottle gourd"
+*''flu; influenza'' from Balkhan ''ĩfluyẽza'', from Latin ''influentia''
 ==Ex nihilo==
 *''glissando'', originally a phonetics term