Verse:Irta/English/Non-Azalic etyma: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(101 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
A list of English words ''not'' inherited from Proto-Azalic. (with etymologies different from Earth etymologies)
A list of English words ''not'' inherited from Proto-Azalic. (with etymologies different from Earth etymologies)
Most Arabic loans in English instead come from an unrelated Camalic language.


==Semitic==
==Semitic==
*''boor'' from Hebraeo-An Yidish בּוּר 'ignoramus', via dialectal Irtan Irish ''búr''
*''dint'' as in ''by dint of'' from [[Togarmite]] ''dint'' 'judgment, sentence', from the root √d-(j)-n 'to opine, to judge'
*''dint'' as in ''by dint of'' from [[Togarmite]] ''dint'' 'judgment, sentence', from the root √d-(j)-n 'to opine, to judge'
*''main'' meaning 'high seas' from [[Togarmite]] ''mein'' 'water' (cognate to Hebrew מים ''máyim'')
*''main'' meaning 'high seas' from [[Togarmite]] ''mein'' 'water' (cognate to Hebrew מים ''máyim'')
*''siren'' from Togarmite ''seiran'' 'alarm, smoke signal' from the root √s-(j)-r 'to call, to warn' (hypothetical cognate to Hebrew שר ''shar'' 'to sing').
*''weird'' from OTog ''yėred'' 'conspicuous', active participle of ''yarād'' 'to appear, to descend', via a Brythonic language
*''weird'' from Togarmic ''wierd'' 'conspicuous' < OTog ''wėrēd'', active participle of ''warād'' 'to appear, to descend'
*''fellow'' from OTog ''φallāh''
*''fellow'' from OTog ''φallāh''
*''sure, ensure, assure, insure'' from Togarmite ''yšur'' (related to Hebrew אישר ''ʔiššér'' 'to confirm' and אשר ''ʔăšer'' a relativizer originally meaning 'place')
*''ennui'' from Togarmite ''anúj'' 'angst', originally 'suffering' in Early Modern Togarmite but it fell out of use and was revived as a philosophical term meaning 'existential angst'; in turn borrowed from Cubrite ''ąnúy'', ~ Hebrew עינוי ''(hā-)ʕinnuy'' 'torment, torture' (root ʕ-n-y "poor, affliction", doublet of native Togarmite ''ȝanėþ'' 'to need')
*''elite'' from Aramaic עליתא ''ʕelitå'' "upper story"
*''keen'' meaning 'to wail, to lament' from [[Cubrite]] ''kín'' 'weeping, lament', from Hebrew קינה ''*kʼīnā'' 'lament'; a common synonym of 'mourn, lament' in Jewish English, influenced by the Hebrew
*''host'' (first used as a verb 'to provide hospitality') from [[Cubrite]] ''hóst'' 'hospitality, accommodation; things provided for such purpose' < Early Modern ''*hást'' (trap-bath) < [[Ancient Cubrite]] ''ħast'' "generosity, kindness" ~ Hebrew חסד 'grace' (TibH ''ħéseḋ'')
*''dude'' from [[Cubrite]] ''túd'' 'bro' ~ Hebrew דוד *dōd 'beloved'
*''mesmerize'' from Togarmite ''myzmerezi'' "to play the myzmer"
*''mesmerize'' from Togarmite ''myzmerezi'' "to play the myzmer"
*''hobby'' from Togarmite ''habi''
*''hobby'' from Togarmite ''habi''
*''cry'' from Knench ''ᴋrí'' /kʰɹəj/, from Ancient Knench ''ᴋarīhā'' 'calling', Semitic root √q-r-ʔ
* ''fast'' originally meant 'direct, easy' and came from Togarmite ''*fásat'' 'it was easy/simple', meaning influenced by Aramaic ''pešit'' 'simple'
* ''hygge'' from a Knench source: ''hykki''/''hiwkki'' 'coziness' < *higgūj (verbal noun of *higgV:), cognate of Hebrew הגה 'to contemplate, to utter/speak'
* ''touch'': its Vulgar Latin source ''tuccāre'' 'to touch' comes from a stage of Knench ''*tə-hukkō'' 'he was hit' (~ Hebrew hikkå 'he hit') or ''*tə-huggaȝ'' 'he reached' (gg = /k⁼/) (~ Hebrew higia3 'he reached')
* ''dude'' from Knench ''tud'' '(derogatory term), bro' (cognate to Hebrew ''dod'')


==Indo-Iranian and Mixolydian==
==Indo-Iranian and Mixolydian==
Line 26: Line 23:
*''path'' from Mixolydian ''paθ'', from Old Nomadic Mixolydian ''paθą'' "flight", from PIE poth2om
*''path'' from Mixolydian ''paθ'', from Old Nomadic Mixolydian ''paθą'' "flight", from PIE poth2om


==Italo-Celtic and Greek==
==Italic, Celtic and Greek==
*''dance'' from Irish ''damhsa'', originally onomatopoeic
*''land'', from Gaulish ''landā'' <- *lendʰ
*''land'', from Gaulish ''landā'' <- *lendʰ
*''island'', from Norman ''isle'' and Gaulish ''landā''
*''island'', from Norman ''isle'' and Gaulish ''landā''
Line 34: Line 32:
*''pasta'' <- Latin ''pasta'', via Greek
*''pasta'' <- Latin ''pasta'', via Greek
*''embassy'' <- Kwenya εμβασεια ''ëmbasia'' <- Proto-Celtic ''ambaxtyā''
*''embassy'' <- Kwenya εμβασεια ''ëmbasia'' <- Proto-Celtic ''ambaxtyā''
*''ambassador'' <- Kwenya εμβασειαδηρ ''ëmbasiadyar'' <- Greek -αδης
*''ambassador'' <- Kwenya εμβασειαδης ''ëmbasiadyar'' <- Greek -αδης
*''almond'' <- An Bhlaoighne ''amhlaindh'' <- Kwenya αμυνδαλη ''amwindalya'' <- Greek ''amygdalē'' (gd -> nd is a regular sound change in Kwenya)
*''almond'' <- Kwenya αμυνδαλη ''amwindalya'' <- Greek ''amygdalē'' (gd -> nd is a regular sound change in Kwenya)
 
* ''broad'' (referring to accents) is originally a calque from Majorcan Irish ''caint leathan'', referring to Irish slender consonants depalatalizing and broad consonants becoming Arabic emphatic consonants in broad Majorcan Irish
==Qivattutannguaq==
* ''run amok'' from Irish ''amach'' 'outward', via Albionian ''šapo amók'' 'to run out of control'
*''zillion'' from ''zilliun'' '10,000'
* ''buzzard'' from Old Irish ''baḋḃ'' 'hooded crow' (via Corsican Arabic ''BaZWə, BuZWə'') + French ''-ard''


==Camalic==
==Hivantish ==
*''dance'', from Padmanābha ''danseo'', from the root ''dan'' (rhythm; onomatopoetic)
*''zillion'' from ''zillių'' '10,000'
*''wife'' from Padmanābha ''wayeoph'' (lady, Mrs.)
*''canola'' from L-Arabic
*''saga'' from L-Arabic ''sāgā''
*''fiasco'' <- An Bhlaoighne ''fias có''
*''trumpet'' from Padmanābha
*''pizza'' from L-Arabic ''pītsa'', diminutive of ''pīta'' from Greek?


Padmanábha? L-Arabic?
==Riphean==
fíl "to feel"
*''mask'' (a later Riphean borrowing), ''mesh'' (a borrowing into Proto-Azalic) from Old Riphean ''maskā'' (mesh, net, face mask)
twitj "to twitch"
*''calf'' from Proto-Azalic ''colṗa'', from Old Riphean ''kalpa'' (womb)
wíd "weed"
*''ever'' from Northern Proto-Azalic ''aiveirċa'', from Old Riphean ''ai verxyai'' (in life), from PIE *h1en perkw-y-oi, cognate with modern Riphean ''swerxa'' "healthy" from *h1su-perkw-
rén "rain"
*Some days of the week or gods from Old Riphean? like Tuesday <- Tue <- Tėwa/Tėwavēðra <- deywos / deywo-peh2tr-
gárlic, líc "garlic, leek"
brod "broad"
síl "seal"
slíp "to sleep"
hapí "happy"


==Palkhan==
==Balkhan==
Most words that come from Italian in our timeline come from Palkhan.
Most words that come from Italian in our timeline come from Balkhan.
*''dolma'' from Palkhan ''ḍōlma-dākiya'' "grape leaf"
*''dolma'' from Balkhan ''dôlma-dâkia'' "grape leaf"  
*''sushi'' from Naušahri ''suši'' <- ''suš'' "seaweed", from Palkhan ''sūṣa'' "seaweed"
*''pilaf'' from Naušahri ''pelav'', from Balkhan ''pilav-'' "to mix"
*''pilaf'' from Naušahri ''pelav'', from Palkhan ''pilāv-'' "to mix"
*''extravaganza'' from Balkhan ''kstravagẫza'', from Latin ''extrāvagantia''
*''extravaganza'' from Palkhan ''kṣṭravagāṃza'', from Latin ''extrāvagantia''
*''balcony'' from Balkhan ''balkhani''
*''balcony'' from Palkhan ''balakōṇi''
*''stanza'' from Balkhan ''stẫza'' "thesis", semantically drifted from Latin ''stāntia''
*''stanza'' from Palkhan ''ṣṭhāṃza'' "thesis", semantically drifted from Latin ''stāntia''
*''patio'' from Balkhan ''pattia'' "lawn"
*''patio'' from Palkhan ''paṭṭiya'' "lawn"
*''mezzanine'' from Balkhan ''mazyanîna'', from Vulgar Latin *mediānīnus
*''mezzanine'' from Palkhan ''majjhaṇīna'', from Vulgar Latin *mediānīnus
*''veranda'' from Balkhan ''varânda''
*''veranda'' from Palkhan ''varāṇḍa''
*''imbroglio'' and ''embroil'' from Balkhan ''imbrôlya'', from ''imbra'' "to confuse" (''embroil'' was influenced by the native verb ''broil'' <- PAz bhruq̇el-)
*''imbroglio'' and ''embroil'' from Palkhan ''imbrōḷya'', from ''imbra'' "to confuse" (''embroil'' was influenced by the native verb ''broil'' <- PAz bhruq̇el-)
*''zucchini'' from Balkhan ''zukkîna'', from Balkhan ''zukka'' "bottle gourd"
*''zucchini'' from Palkhan ''zukkīṇa'', from Palkhan ''zukka'' "bottle gourd"
*''flu; influenza'' from Balkhan ''ĩfluyẽza'', from Latin ''influentia''
*''flu; influenza'' from Palkhan ''infḷuyaṃza'', from Latin ''influentia''


==Ex nihilo==
==Ex nihilo==
*''glissando'', originally a phonetics term
*''glissando'', originally a phonetics term

Latest revision as of 03:56, 19 December 2022

A list of English words not inherited from Proto-Azalic. (with etymologies different from Earth etymologies)

Semitic

  • boor from Hebraeo-An Yidish בּוּר 'ignoramus', via dialectal Irtan Irish búr
  • dint as in by dint of from Togarmite dint 'judgment, sentence', from the root √d-(j)-n 'to opine, to judge'
  • main meaning 'high seas' from Togarmite mein 'water' (cognate to Hebrew מים máyim)
  • weird from OTog yėred 'conspicuous', active participle of yarād 'to appear, to descend', via a Brythonic language
  • fellow from OTog φallāh
  • mesmerize from Togarmite myzmerezi "to play the myzmer"
  • hobby from Togarmite habi
  • cry from Knench ᴋrí /kʰɹəj/, from Ancient Knench ᴋarīhā 'calling', Semitic root √q-r-ʔ
  • fast originally meant 'direct, easy' and came from Togarmite *fásat 'it was easy/simple', meaning influenced by Aramaic pešit 'simple'
  • hygge from a Knench source: hykki/hiwkki 'coziness' < *higgūj (verbal noun of *higgV:), cognate of Hebrew הגה 'to contemplate, to utter/speak'
  • touch: its Vulgar Latin source tuccāre 'to touch' comes from a stage of Knench *tə-hukkō 'he was hit' (~ Hebrew hikkå 'he hit') or *tə-huggaȝ 'he reached' (gg = /k⁼/) (~ Hebrew higia3 'he reached')
  • dude from Knench tud '(derogatory term), bro' (cognate to Hebrew dod)

Indo-Iranian and Mixolydian

  • bad, from Naušahri bad
  • shelter, from Mixolydian šelter <- šeltrą, ultimately from ḱel-dʰrom
  • curry, from Mixolydian kari <- karyą, ultimately from gʷʰor-yom (lit. "warm" or "cooked")
  • vessel, from Mixolydian vesel <- veslą, ultimately from *weǵʰ-slom (cognate with Czech veslo "oar")
  • sauna from Mixolydian snono <- PIE sneh2on-eh2
  • path from Mixolydian paθ, from Old Nomadic Mixolydian paθą "flight", from PIE poth2om

Italic, Celtic and Greek

  • dance from Irish damhsa, originally onomatopoeic
  • land, from Gaulish landā <- *lendʰ
  • island, from Norman isle and Gaulish landā
  • tread, trot; ultimately from Proto-Celtic *tregess "foot"
  • eigenvalue <- Galatian aegen <- h₂eyḱ-iHn-eh₂
  • fiddle <- Latin fidicula <- fidēs <- Greek sphídē
  • pasta <- Latin pasta, via Greek
  • embassy <- Kwenya εμβασεια ëmbasia <- Proto-Celtic ambaxtyā
  • ambassador <- Kwenya εμβασειαδης ëmbasiadyar <- Greek -αδης
  • almond <- Kwenya αμυνδαλη amwindalya <- Greek amygdalē (gd -> nd is a regular sound change in Kwenya)
  • broad (referring to accents) is originally a calque from Majorcan Irish caint leathan, referring to Irish slender consonants depalatalizing and broad consonants becoming Arabic emphatic consonants in broad Majorcan Irish
  • run amok from Irish amach 'outward', via Albionian šapo amók 'to run out of control'
  • buzzard from Old Irish baḋḃ 'hooded crow' (via Corsican Arabic BaZWə, BuZWə) + French -ard

Hivantish

  • zillion from zillių '10,000'

Riphean

  • mask (a later Riphean borrowing), mesh (a borrowing into Proto-Azalic) from Old Riphean maskā (mesh, net, face mask)
  • calf from Proto-Azalic colṗa, from Old Riphean kalpa (womb)
  • ever from Northern Proto-Azalic aiveirċa, from Old Riphean ai verxyai (in life), from PIE *h1en perkw-y-oi, cognate with modern Riphean swerxa "healthy" from *h1su-perkw-
  • Some days of the week or gods from Old Riphean? like Tuesday <- Tue <- Tėwa/Tėwavēðra <- deywos / deywo-peh2tr-

Balkhan

Most words that come from Italian in our timeline come from Balkhan.

  • dolma from Balkhan dôlma-dâkia "grape leaf"
  • pilaf from Naušahri pelav, from Balkhan pilav- "to mix"
  • extravaganza from Balkhan kstravagẫza, from Latin extrāvagantia
  • balcony from Balkhan balkhani
  • stanza from Balkhan stẫza "thesis", semantically drifted from Latin stāntia
  • patio from Balkhan pattia "lawn"
  • mezzanine from Balkhan mazyanîna, from Vulgar Latin *mediānīnus
  • veranda from Balkhan varânda
  • imbroglio and embroil from Balkhan imbrôlya, from imbra "to confuse" (embroil was influenced by the native verb broil <- PAz bhruq̇el-)
  • zucchini from Balkhan zukkîna, from Balkhan zukka "bottle gourd"
  • flu; influenza from Balkhan ĩfluyẽza, from Latin influentia

Ex nihilo

  • glissando, originally a phonetics term
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Verse:Irta/English/Non-Azalic_etyma&oldid=293566"