Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Ballmer: Difference between revisions
m IlL moved page Ăn Yidiș/Ballmer to Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Ballmer without leaving a redirect |
|||
| (11 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
* d z ģ /t t͡s t͡ʃ/ are [ð z ʒ] after a vowel as in the Baltic dialect | * d z ģ /t t͡s t͡ʃ/ are [ð z ʒ] after a vowel as in the Baltic dialect | ||
* Bamăriș has a broad and slender L merger, but in many words broad L is deleted before /u/ (reflecting *u and *å): אָך ''uch'' 'mouse' (Std. לוֹך ''luch''; Irish ''luch'', with broad L); אָצאר ''uzăr'' 'strong' (Std. ĂnY ל׳אָצאר ''łozăr'', Irish ''láidir''). This shows non-Eastern European Ăn Yidiș behavior in that broad L did not dissimilate before historical /u/. | * Bamăriș has a broad and slender L merger, but in many words broad L is deleted before /u/ (reflecting *u and *å): אָך ''uch'' 'mouse' (Std. לוֹך ''luch''; Irish ''luch'', with broad L); אָצאר ''uzăr'' 'strong' (Std. ĂnY ל׳אָצאר ''łozăr'', Irish ''láidir''). This shows non-Eastern European Ăn Yidiș behavior in that broad L did not dissimilate before historical /u/. | ||
* /r/ is commonly trilled or flapped. | |||
=== Vowel diaphonology === | === Vowel diaphonology === | ||
Due to vowel shifts, Ăn Yidiș vowels have more complex diaphonology than in any Irish variety in Irta or CF Tricin. Ballmer vowels don't correspond 1-1 to orthographic vowels which are based on Standard Ăn Yidiș; this causes problems for learners learning the Ballmer dialect. | Due to vowel shifts, Ăn Yidiș vowels have more complex diaphonology than in any Irish variety in Irta or CF Tricin. Ballmer vowels don't correspond 1-1 to orthographic vowels which are based on Standard Ăn Yidiș; this causes problems for learners learning the Ballmer dialect. | ||
==== Historical short vowels ==== | ==== Historical short vowels ==== | ||
*/*a/ ''ămách'' 'out' (Irish ''amàch'') | */*a/ ''ămách'' 'out' (Irish ''amàch'') | ||
*/*e/ סעך '' | */*e/ סעך ''țech'' 'house' (Std ''țech'', Irish ''teach'') | ||
*/*i/ ''rih'' 'run' (Irish ''rith'') | */*i/ ''rih'' 'run' (Irish ''rith'') | ||
*/*o/ טאבאן ''dovn'' 'world' (Irish ''domhan'') | */*o/ טאבאן ''dovn'' 'world' (Std ''dăvăn'', Irish ''domhan'') | ||
*/*CoC'/ ''tel'' 'will, pleasure' (Irish ''toil'') | */*CoC'/ ''tel'' 'will, pleasure' (Irish ''toil'') | ||
*/*u/ ''uch'' 'mouse' (Std. ''luch'', Irish ''luch'') | */*u/ ''uch'' 'mouse' (Std. ''luch'', Irish ''luch'') | ||
| Line 23: | Line 24: | ||
==== Historical long vowels ==== | ==== Historical long vowels ==== | ||
*/*å/ ''gru'' 'love' (Irish ''grá''), ''uv'' (Std ''łov'', Irish ''lámh'') | */*å/ ''gru'' 'love' (Std ''gro'', Irish ''grá''), ''uv'' (Std ''łov'', Irish ''lámh'') | ||
*/*í/ ''țir'' 'country' (Std. ibid, Irish ''tír'') | */*í/ ''țir'' 'country' (Std. ibid, Irish ''tír'') | ||
*/*ů/ '' | */*ů/ ''mowr'' 'big' (Std ''mur'', Scottish Gaelic ''mòr'' /mo:r/) | ||
*/*au/ ''own'' 'in him' (Irish ''ann''), ''Chownă'' 'Hannah' | */*au/ ''own'' 'in him' (Irish ''ann''), ''Chownă'' 'Hannah' | ||
*/*ò/ ''broyn'' 'sadness' (Std ''broan'', Scottish Gaelic ''bròn'' /prɔ:n/) | */*ò/ ''broyn'' 'sadness' (Std ''broan'', Scottish Gaelic ''bròn'' /prɔ:n/) | ||
*/*è/ '' | */*è/ ''ian'' 'bird' (Std ''ean'', Irish ''éan'') | ||
*/*əi, *é/ ''nay'' 'nine' (Std ''ney'', Irish and Gaelic ''naoi'') | */*əi, *é/ ''nay'' 'nine' (Std ''ney'', Irish and Gaelic ''naoi'') | ||
*/*ai/ ''faaiŋ'' 'catching' (Std ĂnY ''fayiņ''), ''aa'' 'face' (Irish ''aghaidh'') | */*ai/ ''faaiŋ'' 'catching' (Std ĂnY ''fayiņ''), ''aa'' 'face' (Irish ''aghaidh'') | ||
| Line 57: | Line 58: | ||
=== Sentence structure === | === Sentence structure === | ||
The auxiliary ''bi'' (used for all sentences that are not "is-the") has lost tense inflection; it only marks truth value and subordinate clauses. | The auxiliary ''bi'' (used for all sentences that are not "is-the") has lost tense inflection; it only marks truth value and subordinate clauses. | ||
Hence a sentence that doesn't use the copula now always displays the following word order: | Hence a sentence that doesn't use the copula now always displays the following word order: | ||
| Line 74: | Line 73: | ||
The tense slot is always occupied by: | The tense slot is always occupied by: | ||
* (NONE) present | * (NONE) present | ||
*'' | *''ăr bi'' past | ||
* '' | * ''zel vi'' future (< ''*deiseil bhith'' 'ready to be') | ||
The preverbal particle is | The preverbal particle is | ||
* ''ăg'' for native verbs | * ''ăg'' for native verbs; object pronouns ''năm, năd, nă, nă h-, năr(n), măr(n), năm/năn/năņ'' | ||
* ''nă'' for predicate nouns (is-a; is-the uses the copula) | * ''nă'' for predicate nouns (is-a; is-the uses the copula) | ||
* zero for adjectives and Hebrew participle verbs | * zero for adjectives and Hebrew participle verbs | ||
The 2nd person singular familiar pronoun is ''ow'' (''hu'' in Standard Ăn Yidiș). The present tense auxiliary תּאָ is pronounced ''to'' when stressed (when a subject pronoun follows or when used as "yes") and ''t' '' or ''tă'' when unstressed (when a noun follows). | The 2nd person singular familiar pronoun is ''ow'' (''hu'' in Standard Ăn Yidiș). The present tense auxiliary תּאָ is pronounced ''to'' when stressed (when a subject pronoun follows or when used as "yes") and ''t' '' or ''tă'' when unstressed (when a noun follows). | ||