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Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin/Proto-Ăn Yidiș: Difference between revisions
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In the | In the Irta timeline, Middle Irish was once spoken across the entire British Isles, also gaining a foothold on what is Western France in our timeline by the 9th century (only after the Second Remonition in the 17th century were they beaten back by English speakers). '''Proto-Ăn Yidiș''' was the spoken 10th-century French Middle Irish dialect spoken by the local Jews and is the common ancestor of all present-day Ăn Yidiș dialects. Being a spoken language, the Pre-Proto-Ăn Yidiș variety of Middle Irish (the variety spoken by the local Gentiles) was already much grammatically simpler than the more Old-Irish-influenced Literary Middle Irish, particularly in the verbal system. Proto-Ăn Yidiș was phonologically close to Ăn Cayzăn (before vowel length was lost) and grammatically volatile; the nominative, genitive and vocative are still in use but the dative and the accusative have merged with the nominative. The auxiliary system has been stabilized but with some slightly different forms or prepositions depending on the Ăn Yidiș dialect. | ||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
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הדג החי שוחה במים [haddO:g ha:Ha:j su:χE: bammO:jim] | הדג החי שוחה במים [haddO:g ha:Ha:j su:χE: bammO:jim] | ||
é > ej is blocked before ř hence Ireland is '' | é > ej is blocked before ř hence Ireland is ''Eriņ'' in Modern Standard ĂnY | ||
Hebrew geminates were at one point overlong (hence attraction of stress towards them in ĂnY loans) | |||
cht > xθˠ > f | |||
== Background == | |||
{{main|Verse:Irta/Ireland}} | |||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
Proto-Ăn Yidiș was part of the larger Irtan Medieval Continental West Europe~North Africa sprachbund. It participated in a large number of vowel shifts like Galoyseg, Proto-Azalic, etc. did, | Proto-Ăn Yidiș was part of the larger Irtan Medieval Continental West Europe~North Africa sprachbund. It participated in a large number of vowel shifts like Galoyseg, Proto-Azalic, etc. did, and made changes to palatalized consonants like our West Slavic languages. Irish dialects in Britain, Ireland and Corsica were spared of the changes. | ||
Consonants: ''p b t d ć dź ķ ģ k g f s š ç h v j ğ m n ň ł l r ř'' | Consonants: ''p b t d ć dź ķ ģ k g f s š ç h v j ğ m n ň ł l r ř'' | ||
Vowels: at least ''ə a e i u ü o å ea é í oa ů ű aj ej əj oj uj üj au | Vowels: at least ''ə a e i u ü o å ea é í oa ů ű aj ej əj oj uj üj au ou ie uo'' /ə a ɛ ɪ ʊ ʊ̈ ʌ ɔː eə e: i: oə u: ü: aj ej əj oj uj üj aw ɔw iɛ uɔ/, unstressed short ''ə i ü'' /ə ɪ ʊ̈ yə/ | ||
''ł'' > ''l'' before ''u'' and ''ů'' | ''ł'' > ''l'' before ''u'' and ''ů'' | ||
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Fully devoiced stop system (that's why tet and qoph are d and g) | Fully devoiced stop system (that's why tet and qoph are d and g) | ||
Depalatalization of slender consonants in similar contexts as in Polish/Czech | Depalatalization of slender consonants in similar contexts as in Polish/Czech: k'r' > kř, t'r' > tř etc. | ||
Slender labials depalatalize before front vowels, but become bj pj mj fj vj before non-front vowels | |||
mh > nasal vowel + v | mh > nasal vowel + v | ||
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Final slender ch > -h | Final slender ch > -h | ||
Broad r/rr = /r/, slender | Broad r/rr and slender r = /r/, slender rr = Czech ř (which sometimes dissimilates to r) | ||
broad l/ll = dark L, slender l/ll = l like in Polish; | broad l/ll = dark L, slender l/ll = l like in Polish; ł dissimilates to l next to u | ||
ň for slender nn but everything else becomes n | ň for slender nn but everything else becomes n | ||
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* ù = /ü:/ | * ù = /ü:/ | ||
* ua = /uə/ | * ua = /uə/ | ||
* ao = /əj/ | * ao = /əj/ (merges with é/tsere in most Ăn Yidiș dialects) | ||
=== Diaphonology of our Ăn Yidiș === | === Diaphonology of our Ăn Yidiș === | ||
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Native 2nd declension: avəl 'apple tree' // ən avəl // nə h-avłə // avłənə/əxə // nə h-avłənə/əxə // nən avłənə/əxə | Native 2nd declension: avəl 'apple tree' // ən avəl // nə h-avłə // avłənə/əxə // nə h-avłənə/əxə // nən avłənə/əxə | ||
broad/slender neutralized native masculine paradigm: knauv 'bone' (cnov in Standard; cnowv or cnav in dialects) // ən knauv // | broad/slender neutralized native masculine paradigm: knauv 'bone' (cnov in Standard; cnowv or cnav in dialects) // ən knauv // nə xnaivə // knauvənə/-əxə // nə knauvənə/-əxə // nən knauvən/-əx (the -ə sg. gen. ending was carried over to endingless Hebrew loans and to other native nouns) | ||
Endingless Hebrew paradigm: éd 'witness' // ənt éd (> אן ה-עד in dialectal Ăn Yidiș) // ən éd, ən édə // édím // nə hédím // nən édím | Endingless Hebrew paradigm: éd 'witness' // ənt éd (> אן ה-עד in dialectal Ăn Yidiș) // ən éd, ən édə // édím // nə hédím // nən édím | ||
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Native feminines: kalůg 'little bride' // ə xalůg // nə kalůģə // kalůgənə // nə kalůgənə // nən kalůgən | Native feminines: kalůg 'little bride' // ə xalůg // nə kalůģə // kalůgənə // nə kalůgənə // nən kalůgən | ||
Hebrew feminines: | Hebrew feminines: miśpåxå 'family' // ə viśpåxå // nə miśpåxå // miśpåxůs // nə miśpåxůs // nəm miśpåxůs | ||
Feminine s- words became t- words: saviň (samhain) became taviň | Feminine s- words became t- words: saviň (samhain) became taviň | ||