Verse:Irta/Hebrew: Difference between revisions
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The history of Rabbinic Judaism in Irta is much like in our own world. The Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible, the Mishnah, the Talmud and the | The history of Rabbinic Judaism in Irta is much like in our own world. The Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible, the Mishnah, the Talmud and the major Kabbalah texts are identical to ours; the Shulchan Aruch prescribes the same laws. (Basically everything about Hasidism stays the same except with Judeo-Brythonic rather than Yiddish.) | ||
However, many accents of | However, many accents of Irta Hebrew, except Tiberian Hebrew which is identical to our timeline's Tiberian Hebrew, preserve phonological distinctions that our Hebrew lost by Post-Exilic Hebrew times. | ||
== Irta Modern Hebrew == | == Irta Modern Hebrew == | ||
{{main|Verse:Irta/Modern Hebrew}} | |||
== Irta Sephardi Hebrew == | |||
Also Irta Yevani and Togarmite Hebrew | |||
* Consonants: /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tˁ j k x l m n s ʕ p f sˁ q r ʃ t θ/ = [ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h v z ħ t⁼ j k⁼ x l m n s ʕ~ŋ p⁼ f ts⁼ k⁼ r ʃ t⁼ θ] | |||
* Vowels: /i e ɛ a QG QQ o u (shva na) ḤP ḤS ḤQ/ = [i e{{lowered}} e{{lowered}} ä ä o{{lowered}} o{{lowered}} u e̞ ä e̞ o̞] | |||
== Chinese Hebrew == | |||
Chinese Hebrew is the reading tradition used in [[Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin]]-speaking communities. It's a result of a restandardization to Tiberian niqqud; some Hebrew loans in Judeo-Mandarin keep relics of an older reading. | |||
Chinese Hebrew is similar to our Ashkenazi Hebrew, except | |||
* Tiberian /e(:) ɔ(:) o(:) u(:)/ are pronounced as Judeo-Mandarin ''ey o u ü'' | |||
* Shva na3 is ''ă'' /ə/ in careful pronunciation | |||
*undageshed gimel is pronounced like Judeo-Mandarin ''gh'' | |||
*/r/ is a retroflex approximant like Hiberno-English R | |||
* Tiberian /e(:) ɔ(:) o(:) u(:)/ are pronounced as | |||
* Shva na3 is ''ă'' /ə/ in careful pronunciation | |||
*undageshed gimel is pronounced like | |||
*/r/ is | |||
* dageshed bet, dageshed gimel, and dalet (whether dageshed or not) are pronounced as unaspirated /p t k/ | * dageshed bet, dageshed gimel, and dalet (whether dageshed or not) are pronounced as unaspirated /p t k/ | ||
* | * dageshed tav, daleth, teth are dental [t̪ʰ t̪ t̪] | ||
* sin/undageshed tav is dental [s̪] | |||
* both zayin and tsade are /ts⁼/; samekh is /tsʰ/ | |||
* | * kuf and tet are unaspirated /k⁼/ and /t⁼/ | ||
* Dageshed kaf, pe, tav are aspirated | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
==Comparison== | ==Comparison== | ||
Line 154: | Line 71: | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
Proto- | Proto-Chinese Hebrew | ||
[dăˈru̠ːʀ jiqˈʀɔː lɐˈveːn ʕiːm baːθ] | [dăˈru̠ːʀ jiqˈʀɔː lɐˈveːn ʕiːm baːθ] | ||
Line 184: | Line 101: | ||
[wĭˈhiː ˈxɛːθɛʀ lăruːˈʃɛːxɔː] | [wĭˈhiː ˈxɛːθɛʀ lăruːˈʃɛːxɔː] | ||
[năˈts̺ˁoːr mits̻ˁˈwaːθ qăðoːˈʃɛːxɔː] | [năˈts̺ˁoːr mits̻ˁˈwaːθ qăðoːˈʃɛːxɔː] | ||
[ʃăˈmoːr | [ʃăˈmoːr s̺aˈbːɔːθ qɔðˈʃɛːxɔː] | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
Chinese Hebrew | |||
[ | [t⁼əˈrur jigˈro ləˈvejn ʔim bas] | ||
[ | [vəjintsˑʰorˈχem kʰəˈmu voˈvas] | ||
[nəˈʔim | [nəˈʔim ʃimˈχem wəˈlu jyʃˈp⁼as] | ||
[ | [ʃəˈvy nyˈχy p⁼əˈjum ʃaˈbos] | ||
[ | [t⁼əˈruʃ noˈvi vəʔyloˈmi] | ||
[vəˈʔus | [vəˈʔus ˈjejʃa ʔaˈsej ʔiˈmi] | ||
[nəˈda | [nəˈda suˈrejk⁼ p⁼əˈsuχ kʰarˈmi] | ||
[ | [ʃəˈʔej ʃawˈʔas p⁼əˈnej ʔaˈmi] | ||
[ | [t⁼əˈruχ pʰʉˈro p⁼əˈsuχ p⁼otsˑʰˈro] | ||
[ | [vəˈʁam p⁼oˈvejl ʔaˈʃɛr k⁼ovˈro] | ||
[ | [nəˈsutsˑʰ tsˑʰoˈraj p⁼əˈʔaf ʔevˈro] | ||
[ʃəˈma | [ʃəˈma k⁼uˈli p⁼əˈjum ʔegˈro] | ||
[ʔeluˈhim | [ʔeluˈhim tʰejn bamit⁼ˈp⁼or har] | ||
[haˈdas ʃiˈdo | [haˈdas ʃiˈdo p⁼əˈrus tʰitˈhor] | ||
[ | [vəlamadzˈhir vəlanidzˈhor] | ||
[ʃəluˈmim | [ʃəluˈmim tʰejn kʰəˈmej noˈhor] | ||
[ | [haˈduχ k⁼oˈmaj χaj ʔejl k⁼aˈno] | ||
[ | [p⁼əˈmuʁ lejˈvov ʔyvimʁiˈno] | ||
[ | [vənarˈhiv pe ʔynəmaˈleno] | ||
[ | [ləʃuˈnejny ləˈχo riˈno] | ||
[ | [t⁼əˈʔej χoχˈmo lənafˈʃeχo] | ||
[vəˈhi | [vəˈhi ˈχeser ləruˈʃeχo] | ||
[ | [nəˈtsʰur mitsʰˈvas k⁼əduˈʃeχo] | ||
[ | [ʃəˈmur ʃaˈbos k⁼odˈʃeχo] | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
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Grant peace like a flowing river. | Grant peace like a flowing river. | ||
Pulverize my aggressors [as in a mortar], O Jealous God [who is jealous for his people], | Pulverize my aggressors [as in a mortar], as surely as You live, O Jealous God [who is jealous for his people], | ||
Make their hearts | Make their hearts dissolve [with terror] and distress them, | ||
And with open mouths we shall fill | And with open mouths we shall fill | ||
Our tongues with songs of gladness to you. | Our tongues with songs of gladness to you. | ||
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{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
=== | == Irtan Hebrew poetry == | ||
=== Hebrew dán díreach === | |||
Some Modern Hebrew experimental poets wrote their Hebrew poetry in meters inspired by the Irish ''dán díreach''. | |||
Assumes penult stress like Hebraeo-Ăn Yidiș | |||
Stanzas are quatrains with a fixed number of syllables per line (usually 7-10) | |||
Alliteration works on a stressed-syllable basis; various meters with patterns of line-final rhyme, alliteration, internal rhyme and non-line-final rhymes between lines | |||
For rhyming, vowels must agree from the stressed syllable onwards, and consonant groups must match (however, in segolates, the vowel of the unstressed final syllable is ignored; so ''péle'' 'wonder' and ''qémaħ'' 'flour' rhyme) | |||
Rhyming consonant groups: | |||
# Qoph, teth and tsade | |||
# Dageshed beth, gimel and daleth | |||
# Dageshed kaf, pe, and tav | |||
# Undageshed kaf, pe, and tav | |||
# Undageshed beth, gimel, daleth; Undageshed lamedh, mem, nun, resh | |||
# Dageshed l, m, n | |||
# Shin, sin, samekh, zayin | |||
# Aleph, he, heth, ayin, yud, vav (null final belongs to this group) | |||
:''ʔáni u-Phángur hallǻbhån,'' | |||
:''kol ʔíš bimălákhto ʕǻbhådh.'' (pausal form of ʕåbhadh 'he worked') | |||
: "I and the white Pangur, | |||
: Each [of us] has worked in his craft" | |||
:''Pángur ėno bi măkanė;'' | |||
:''Hu bă-ša3šu3åv yith3anėgh.'' | |||
: "Pangur does not envy me; | |||
: He delights in his playing." | |||
Latest revision as of 07:41, 5 January 2023
The history of Rabbinic Judaism in Irta is much like in our own world. The Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible, the Mishnah, the Talmud and the major Kabbalah texts are identical to ours; the Shulchan Aruch prescribes the same laws. (Basically everything about Hasidism stays the same except with Judeo-Brythonic rather than Yiddish.)
However, many accents of Irta Hebrew, except Tiberian Hebrew which is identical to our timeline's Tiberian Hebrew, preserve phonological distinctions that our Hebrew lost by Post-Exilic Hebrew times.
Irta Modern Hebrew
Irta Sephardi Hebrew
Also Irta Yevani and Togarmite Hebrew
- Consonants: /ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h w z ħ tˁ j k x l m n s ʕ p f sˁ q r ʃ t θ/ = [ʔ b v g ɣ d ð h v z ħ t⁼ j k⁼ x l m n s ʕ~ŋ p⁼ f ts⁼ k⁼ r ʃ t⁼ θ]
- Vowels: /i e ɛ a QG QQ o u (shva na) ḤP ḤS ḤQ/ = [i e̞ e̞ ä ä o̞ o̞ u e̞ ä e̞ o̞]
Chinese Hebrew
Chinese Hebrew is the reading tradition used in Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin-speaking communities. It's a result of a restandardization to Tiberian niqqud; some Hebrew loans in Judeo-Mandarin keep relics of an older reading.
Chinese Hebrew is similar to our Ashkenazi Hebrew, except
- Tiberian /e(:) ɔ(:) o(:) u(:)/ are pronounced as Judeo-Mandarin ey o u ü
- Shva na3 is ă /ə/ in careful pronunciation
- undageshed gimel is pronounced like Judeo-Mandarin gh
- /r/ is a retroflex approximant like Hiberno-English R
- dageshed bet, dageshed gimel, and dalet (whether dageshed or not) are pronounced as unaspirated /p t k/
- dageshed tav, daleth, teth are dental [t̪ʰ t̪ t̪]
- sin/undageshed tav is dental [s̪]
- both zayin and tsade are /ts⁼/; samekh is /tsʰ/
- kuf and tet are unaspirated /k⁼/ and /t⁼/
- Dageshed kaf, pe, tav are aspirated
Comparison
Dror Yikra
Dror Yikra is a medieval Shabbat piyyut, in our timeline one of the earliest piyyutim to use an Arabic-derived meter.
Disclaimer: Piyyutim are thick with biblical allusions so they're a bitch to translate. I'm sure I made mistakes.
[X] denotes "something that has the same reflex as X in our Tiberian Hebrew."
Hebrew (Tiberian) |
Proto-Chinese Hebrew |
Chinese Hebrew |
English (What Inthar got from an Israeli site explaining piyyutim) |
Irtan Hebrew poetry
Hebrew dán díreach
Some Modern Hebrew experimental poets wrote their Hebrew poetry in meters inspired by the Irish dán díreach.
Assumes penult stress like Hebraeo-Ăn Yidiș
Stanzas are quatrains with a fixed number of syllables per line (usually 7-10)
Alliteration works on a stressed-syllable basis; various meters with patterns of line-final rhyme, alliteration, internal rhyme and non-line-final rhymes between lines
For rhyming, vowels must agree from the stressed syllable onwards, and consonant groups must match (however, in segolates, the vowel of the unstressed final syllable is ignored; so péle 'wonder' and qémaħ 'flour' rhyme)
Rhyming consonant groups:
- Qoph, teth and tsade
- Dageshed beth, gimel and daleth
- Dageshed kaf, pe, and tav
- Undageshed kaf, pe, and tav
- Undageshed beth, gimel, daleth; Undageshed lamedh, mem, nun, resh
- Dageshed l, m, n
- Shin, sin, samekh, zayin
- Aleph, he, heth, ayin, yud, vav (null final belongs to this group)
- ʔáni u-Phángur hallǻbhån,
- kol ʔíš bimălákhto ʕǻbhådh. (pausal form of ʕåbhadh 'he worked')
- "I and the white Pangur,
- Each [of us] has worked in his craft"
- Pángur ėno bi măkanė;
- Hu bă-ša3šu3åv yith3anėgh.
- "Pangur does not envy me;
- He delights in his playing."