Śinax Netagin: Difference between revisions

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-'''Modern Vernacular Netagin''' (VNtg) exists in a state of diglossia with Modern Standard Netagin (MSNtg). It exists in a sprachbund with [[Shalaian]], Modern [[Windermere]], [[Gwnax]] and other Bjeheondian languages.
+'''Śinax Netagin''' (''ku bric Ntahi Śinax''; Naeng ''fi brits Inthăgin Șinach'') is the most widely spoken descendant of Classical [[Netagin]] in Tricin; it's spoken in Bjeheond and Raiđluav (especially in [[Verse:Tricin/Andaegor|Andaegor]]). It exists in a sprachbund with [[Nurian]], Modern [[Naeng]], [[Gwnax]] and other Bjeheondian languages. It has many loans from Classical Netagin in its literary register.
+I borrowed ''Șinach'' from Irish ''sionnach'' 'fox' because Bjeheond has a fox motif. In-universe it comes from [[Gwnax]] ''Si Wnax'' 'Gwnax town'.
 Grammatical changes from Classical Netagin include:
 * SAuxVO word order
-* Loss of grammatical gender
+* Loss of grammatical gender and construct state
-* Loss of verbal binyan inflection, and use of verb-derived nouns (both old verbal nouns and less direct derivations, including reborrowings from CNtg) as verbs
+* Relative clauses use the gap strategy
-* Relative clauses are resumptive
+* As a result of Jespersen's cycle, negation uses a negative absolutive marker ''jėn'' derived from the Classical connegative determiner ''de''.
-* As a result of Jespersen's cycle, negation uses a negative absolutive marker ''dean'' derived from the Classical connegative determiner ''de''.
 * SEA style serial verbs
 * Emphatic -mik (< miek)
+* Tricons is derivational not inflectional
+* Initial qo, qu, qů → vo, vu, vů
 Modern Netagin people usually have Classical Netagin names
-This article treats Bjeheondian Netagin; Tumhanian Netagin is tonal or Khmerized.
+Should drop some final consonants like Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (which has qam > qa 'stand' and emar > ema 'say')
+Inspiration: "What if Hebrew evolved further in Mainland Southeast Asia"
+== Lexicon ==
+* ďaccerabaccera (may be stressed as ďáccera báccera) = unintelligible, 'it's all Greek to me'
+:: ''Bric ťebari moćel ďáccerabáccera votok.'' (speech religious come unintelligible all) --- "Religious jargon just all sounds like gobbledygook to me."
+* ťebar: religion
+* źpůb /spub/: (internet slang) lol
+** źxix pkay btuŋ ('laugh immobilize explode') put into transgressive pattern
+* CNtg: Pasek ny meav qi ny ďanaj (animal DET cat and DET dog) 'Cats and dogs are animals)
+* Śinax: Meav i ďnaj kve kbaś (cat and dog that animal)
 == Phonology ==
+"Classical Netagin become Modern Saigon Vietnamese"
+=== Consonants ===
+* CNtg ''r'' /r/ becomes a uvular approximant [ʁ]
+* ''ť ď'' /t d/ become /ʈ~ʈʂ ɖ~ɖʐ/
+* ''ś ź'' /ɕ ʑ/ become non-retracted /s z/, while ''s z'' become /ʂ ʐ/
+* ''ć'' /t͡ɕ/ merges with ''c'' /ts(ret)/ into /t͡ɕ/
+=== Vowels ===
+''i u ů ė e ă o å a'' /i ɨ u e ɛ ə o ɔ a/
+* unconditional: u > /ï/, ů > /u/
+* ie = ė = /e/ but ie sometimes > /i/
+* y > /i/, sometimes /ə/
+=== Stress ===
+Stress shift to penult? (to be able to pull a JBA and drop final consonants)
 == Parts of speech ==
 === Pronouns ===
-VNtg has only one set of pronouns.
+Șinach Netagin has only one set of pronouns, from the Classical Netagin emphatic pronouns. They do not inflect for case.
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
 ! rowspan=2 | 1sg
-! rowspan=2| 2sg || colspan=3 | 3sg  || colspan=2 | 1pl || rowspan="2" | 2pl || rowspan="2" | 3pl
+! rowspan=2| 2sg || colspan=2 | 3sg  || rowspan=2 | 1pl || rowspan="2" | 2pl || rowspan="2" | 3pl
+|-
+!| animate || inanimate
+|-
+| ''li'' || ''nů'' || ''naj'' || ''nas'' || ''ťů'' || ''nybi'' || ''nus''
+|}
+Subject pronouns can be omitted when they are clear from context, though Netagin has lost person inflection on verbs. Object pronouns are also much less frequent than in European and Semitic languages. For example, 'Where are you going (walking)?' can be ''Nů mů dbe?'' (lit. "thou walk.GO.TELIC where") or ''Mů dbe?'' (which can be used for any subject).
+=== Nouns ===
+Like Naeng, Șinach Netagin has definite and specific articles. They're both preposed as in Naeng:
+* definite ''ku'' (< kyve 'that')
+* specific ''di'' (< dybin 'hither' > 'here')
+Plurals are always marked with ''{{ng}}-'', from the CNtg class C plural ''{{ng}}y-''.
+=== Prepositions ===
+Śinax Netagin often uses motion verbs instead of prepositions. The CNtg oblique preposition ''my'' is analyzed as part of prepositions, resulting in many prepositions ending in ''-m''.
+=== Motion verbs ===
+Śinax Netagin has inherited Classical Netagin motion verbs essentially unchanged (though some verbs have been lost); motion verbs are required to say "go", "come", "carry", "take" or "bring", as in Slavic. Śinax Netagin motion verbs use forms inherited from the Classical transgressive or ''my'' + verbal noun in some cases.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Meaning !! Telic, "go" !! Telic, "come" !! Atelic, "go" || Atelic, "come"
+|-
+| to go by foot, to walk
+| ''mů'' || ''moćel'' || ''vaććůl'' || ''vćaćůl''
+|-
+| to go with a land vehicle<small>
+| ''dlůk'' || ''madlek'' || ''dalůk'' || ''dlalůk''
+|-
+| to ride, to mount <small>(trans.)</small>
+| ''pacůj'' || ''mpacej'' || ''pcůj'' || ''pcacůj''
+|-
+| to go in
+| ''xpůŋ'' || ''maxpeŋ'' || ''xappůŋ'' || ''xpapůŋ''
+|-
+| to go out
+| ''bůť'' || ''mabeť'' || ''qabbůť'' || ''babůť''
+|-
+| to go up
+| ''pkůś'' || ''mapkeś'' || ''pakkůś'' || ''pkakůś''
+|-
+| to go down<br/>to fall (of precipitation)
+| ''śbůď'' || ''maśbeď'' || ''śabbůď'' || ''śbabůď''
+|-
+| to run
+| ''ŋůź'' || ''maŋeź'' || ''ŋavvůź'' || ''ŋvavůź''
+|-
+| to swim
+| ''nhůb'' || ''manheb'' || ''nahůb'' || ''nhahůb''
+|-
+| to fly
+| ''klůl'' || ''maklel'' || ''kallůl'' || ''kaslůl''
+|-
+| to float on water<br/>to go with a small boat, to row
+| ''nvahůt'' || ''manvahet'' || ''vahůt'' || ''vhahůt''
+|-
+| to flow (of a fluid or current)
+| ''bhůl'' || ''mabhel'' || ''bahůl'' || ''băhahůl''
+|-
+| to roll
+| ''mlůl'' || ''mamlel'' || ''mallůl'' || ''maslůl''
+|-
+| to climb
+| ''ďxůp'' || ''maďxep'' || ''ďaxxůp'' || ''ďxaxůp''
+|-
+| to jump
+| ''bcůc'' || ''mabcec'' || ''baccůc'' || ''bascůc''
+|-
+| to crawl
+| ''zůr'' || ''mazůr'' || ''zarzor'' || ''zăvavor''
+|-
+| to fall
+| ''nmůj'' || ''manme'' || ''nammůj'' || ''nămamůj''
+|-
+| to dive, go into water
+| ''sdůj'' || ''masde'' || ''saddůj'' || ''sdadůj''
+|-
+| to carry, bring (on foot)
+| ''psůŋ'' || ''mapseŋ'' || ''passůŋ'' || ''psasůŋ''
+|-
+| to carry, bring (using a vehicle) <small>(trans.)</small>
+| ''dsůp'' || ''madsůp'' || ''dassůp'' || ''dsasůp''
 |-
-!| m. || f. || n. ||exclusive || inclusive
+| to pull, drag <small>(trans.)</small>
+| ''kćůl'' || ''makćel'' || ''kaćůl'' || ''kćacůl''
 |-
-| ''li'' || ''dů'' || ''naj'' || ''nas'' || ''nis'' || ''ťů'' || ''ťiem'' || ''nybi'' || ''nus''
+| to drive (an animal or a vehicle), lead
+| ''pďů'' || ''mapďe'' || ''paďďů'' || ''pďaďů''
 |}
 == Syntax ==
-Present tense: subject + ''ha'' + verb + object (the verb is usually etymologically a VN)
+wh-in-situ unlike CNtg
-:'''''Li dean ha qyšnaz, xambe kve ha qalůť.'''''
+:'''''Li jėn śnaz dav rpa{{ng}}, xambe kve lůť.'''''
-:1SG NEG PRES obey, when that PRES bad
+:1SG NEG obey people other, when that bad
 :''I do not obey others when it's wrong.''
-CNtg ''my'' becomes an oblique case marker, prepositions form from relational nouns
+: '''''Ku kra psasůŋ tpej xpapůŋ ku ja{{ng}} tzy{{ng}}peś.'''''
+: DEF raven carry.ATEL.come light enter.ATEL.come DEF house narration
+: ''The raven brings light into this house of stories.''
 == Derivation ==
 == Poetry ==
-Folk Netagin "piyyutim" use the same rhyming criteria as Classical Netagin "piyyutim", but they use weight-agnostic meters and are composed in Vernacular Netagin.