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Suwáá/Classical: Difference between revisions
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'''Classical Sowaár''' refers to an archaic literary standard of Sowaár, partly based on Late Old Sowaár. | |||
==Phonology== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
Identical to Modern Sjowaázh except it had syllabic resonants: '''m mm n nn nr nnr l ll r rr''' (ḿ ń ĺ ŕ m̀ ǹ l̀ r̀) | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''Oral vowels''' | |||
! rowspan="2" style=""| | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Front | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Back | |||
|- | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| {{spell-nv|'''i'''}} /ɪ/ | |||
| {{spell-nv|'''ii'''}} /iː/ | |||
| {{spell-nv|'''o'''}} /o/ | |||
| {{spell-nv|'''oo'''}} /oː/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| {{spell-nv|'''e'''}} /ɛ/ | |||
| {{spell-nv|'''ee'''}} /ɛː/ | |||
| {{spell-nv|'''a'''}} /ɑ/ | |||
| {{spell-nv|'''aa'''}} /ɑː/ | |||
|} | |||
===Tone=== | |||
Classical Sjowaázh had three level tones: high (''á''), mid (''a''), low (''à''). Conservative Modern High Sjowaázh has vestiges of the 3-tone system in its intonation. | |||
7 possible pitch accent patterns: | |||
*short: ''á, a, à'' | |||
*long: ''áa, aà, àa, aa'' | |||
The mid tone and low tone later merged, hence why high tone is the marked tone in High Sjowaazh. | |||
==Grammar== | |||
Classical Sowaár was optimized for poetic meters (like Marathi) – word order was relatively free and affixes used both long and short syllables. Vowel length was relatively free in affixes (obeying some constraints) and fixed in roots. As a corollary tones were also flexible and there were also fewer (phonemic) tonal distinctions in affixes than in roots. [TODO: rules] | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
Like Modern Sowaár, Classical Sowaár had singular, dual and plural numbers. | |||
Number prefixes for nouns existed but were optional. | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
Verbs had more complex ablaut patterns than in modern Sowaár varieties. Affixes, on the other hand, were less fused with each other than in Modern High Sowaár. | |||