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Rwbmwdqwg: Difference between revisions
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: [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon|Foclòir (Lexicon)]] | : [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon|Foclòir (Lexicon)]] | ||
: [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Proto|Cèd{{cll}}-Ḃreatainìje (Proto-{{PAGENAME}})]] | : [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Proto|Cèd{{cll}}-Ḃreatainìje (Proto-{{PAGENAME}})]] | ||
: [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Names| | : [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Names|Eɯme Ḃreatainìje (Hiberno-Arabic names)]] | ||
: [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/self|Zeàl leaṫnaċ fil Ḃreatainìje (This page in Hiberno-Arabic)]] ([[{{PAGENAME}}/self/IPA|IPA]]) | : [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/self|Zeàl leaṫnaċ fil Ḃreatainìje (This page in Hiberno-Arabic)]] ([[{{PAGENAME}}/self/IPA|IPA]]) | ||
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# Rr: ''rè'' | # Rr: ''rè'' | ||
# Ss: ''sìn'' | # Ss: ''sìn'' | ||
# {{bigsīn}} | # {{bigsīn}}ɯ: ''ɯìn'' | ||
# Tt: ''tè'' | # Tt: ''tè'' | ||
# Uu: ''ù leat{{cda}}an{{cll}}'' | # Uu: ''ù leat{{cda}}an{{cll}}'' | ||
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* Rā2 = (r, like khā2) | * Rā2 = (r, like khā2) | ||
* zāy, ðāl = (z, like bā2) | * zāy, ðāl = (z, like bā2) | ||
* sīn = | * sīn = ɯ ɯe ɯi ɯw ɯè ɯì ɯiù ɯej ɯev | ||
* šīn = s se si sw sè sì siù sej sev | * šīn = s se si sw sè sì siù sej sev | ||
* Sād = (s{{cll}}, like khā2) | * Sād = (s{{cll}}, like khā2) | ||
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* object pronouns: ''ìje, ìc, ìjwh, ìhe, ìne, ìcwm, ìhwm'' (from 2iyyā-, cognate to Hebrew et < *2iyyōt < *2iyy-āt-, the *-āt- is also found in the kămot- combining form for Heb kămo 'like') | * object pronouns: ''ìje, ìc, ìjwh, ìhe, ìne, ìcwm, ìhwm'' (from 2iyyā-, cognate to Hebrew et < *2iyyōt < *2iyy-āt-, the *-āt- is also found in the kămot- combining form for Heb kămo 'like') | ||
** object pronouns go to the end of a transitive clause | ** object pronouns go to the end of a transitive clause | ||
** ''Ritcellim mir fis{{cll}} S{{cll}}ìn ìhe'' 'it (f., for '' | ** ''Ritcellim mir fis{{cll}} S{{cll}}ìn ìhe'' 'it (f., for ''ilɯèn'' or ''teanga'' 'language') was spoken in China / one spoke it in China' vs. ''Ritcellim mir et teanga fis{{cll}} S{{cll}}ìn'' | ||
=== Nouns === | === Nouns === | ||
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* ''es{{cll}} s{{cll}}ajf'' (əS-Sajf) 'summer' | * ''es{{cll}} s{{cll}}ajf'' (əS-Sajf) 'summer' | ||
** before ''s{{cll}}C'' clusters in Irish loans, the definite article is ''el{{cll}}'': ''el{{cll}} s{{cll}}mac{{cda}}t{{cll}}'' 'control, authority' | ** before ''s{{cll}}C'' clusters in Irish loans, the definite article is ''el{{cll}}'': ''el{{cll}} s{{cll}}mac{{cda}}t{{cll}}'' 'control, authority' | ||
* '' | * ''eɯ ɯene'' (əs-sénə) 'the year' | ||
* ''ez{{cll}} z{{cll}}uhr'' (əZ-Zúhər) 'noon' | * ''ez{{cll}} z{{cll}}uhr'' (əZ-Zúhər) 'noon' | ||
* ''ez zeȝrùl'' (əz-zaRū́l) 'the hawthorn' | * ''ez zeȝrùl'' (əz-zaRū́l) 'the hawthorn' | ||
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Stems whose past and imperative stems fall together get the preverb ro-/re-/ri- (pronounced /rə-/ or /r{{uvu}}ə-/ depending on the first consonant; from Middle Irish ro, from the Old Irish perfect preverb) in the past tense, do-/de-/di- if the first consonant in the stem is R/r. Adding the Irish preverb ''ro'' to native verbs was at first an affected hyper-Hibernism used by the middle class, and even today some conservative dialects only use rə-/də- in the past tense when the verb is affirmative: | Stems whose past and imperative stems fall together get the preverb ro-/re-/ri- (pronounced /rə-/ or /r{{uvu}}ə-/ depending on the first consonant; from Middle Irish ro, from the Old Irish perfect preverb) in the past tense, do-/de-/di- if the first consonant in the stem is R/r. Adding the Irish preverb ''ro'' to native verbs was at first an affected hyper-Hibernism used by the middle class, and even today some conservative dialects only use rə-/də- in the past tense when the verb is affirmative: | ||
: ''– A g{{cll}} | : ''– A g{{cll}}addiɯ Calum{{cll}} eljevm? – Mè g{{cll}}addiɯ s.'' (Standard ''Ar{{cll}} rog{{cll}}addiɯ...? Mè rog{{cll}}addiɯ s.'') | ||
: – Did Calum{{cll}} attend Mass today? – He did not. | : – Did Calum{{cll}} attend Mass today? – He did not. | ||
The prohibitive is formed by using ''lè'' + imperative. | The prohibitive is formed by using ''lè'' + imperative. | ||
For prefix + native verbs, native conjugation works as normal and preverbs and personal prefixes are added before the prefix, e.g. '' | For prefix + native verbs, native conjugation works as normal and preverbs and personal prefixes are added before the prefix, e.g. ''raṫɯemme, jaṫɯemmi, maṫɯemmi, aṫtiɯmìje'' 'to rename'. | ||
With a plural noun subject, verbs use the 3rd person m.sg. form: | With a plural noun subject, verbs use the 3rd person m.sg. form: | ||
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===== Stem II (rocettib) ===== | ===== Stem II (rocettib) ===== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Stem II verb conjugation: '' | |+ Stem II verb conjugation: ''rogaddiɯ'' 'he sanctified; he attended Mass' (Arabic ''qaddasa'') | ||
! style="width: 75px; "| → Person<br/>↓ Tense | ! style="width: 75px; "| → Person<br/>↓ Tense | ||
! style="width: 75px; " | 1sg | ! style="width: 75px; " | 1sg | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! past; conditional | ! past; conditional | ||
| '' | | ''rogaddeɯtin'' | ||
| '' | | ''rogaddeɯɯint'' | ||
| '' | | ''rogaddiɯ hw{{`}}'' | ||
| '' | | ''rogaddɯet hì'' | ||
| '' | | ''rogaddeɯne'' | ||
| '' | | ''rogaddeɯ(ɯint)wm'' | ||
| '' | | ''rogaddɯw hwm'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! future; subjunctive | ! future; subjunctive | ||
| '' | | ''ngaddiɯ'' | ||
| '' | | ''tgaddiɯ'' | ||
| '' | | ''jgaddiɯ hiù'' | ||
| '' | | ''tgaddiɯ hì'' | ||
| '' | | ''ngaddɯw'' | ||
| '' | | ''tgaddɯw'' | ||
| '' | | ''jgaddɯw hum'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! imperative | ! imperative | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| '' | | ''gaddiɯ!'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
| '' | | ''gaddɯw!'' | ||
| ''-'' | | ''-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! passive participle | ! passive participle | ||
|colspan=7| '' | |colspan=7| ''mgaddiɯ'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! verbal noun | ! verbal noun | ||
|colspan=7| ''teg{{cll}} | |colspan=7| ''teg{{cll}}dìɯ'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===== Stem VIII (rictetib) ===== | ===== Stem VIII (rictetib) ===== | ||
===== Stem X ( | ===== Stem X (riɯtectib) ===== | ||
==== 4-consonant roots ==== | ==== 4-consonant roots ==== | ||
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* ''pràinn'' 'it is urgent that' | * ''pràinn'' 'it is urgent that' | ||
* ''{{3}}andwh gàd{{cda}}'' 'to need to' | * ''{{3}}andwh gàd{{cda}}'' 'to need to' | ||
*: ''{{big3}}andi gàd{{cda}} nibtì{{3}} deg{{cll}}ìg{{cll}} {{ocus}} swccar{{cll}} bès ns{{cll}}ajjer cejc min | *: ''{{big3}}andi gàd{{cda}} nibtì{{3}} deg{{cll}}ìg{{cll}} {{ocus}} swccar{{cll}} bès ns{{cll}}ajjer cejc min nefɯi.'' 'I need to buy flour and sugar in order to bake my own cake.' | ||
* ''{{3}}andwh cead{{cll}}'' 'to be permitted to' | * ''{{3}}andwh cead{{cll}}'' 'to be permitted to' | ||
*: ''{{big3}}andic cead{{cll}} texfejm zeàl progreamm tea{{heth}}t el{{cll}} coing{{cda}}eallaid{{cda}}èt{{cda}} gèje.'' 'You may use this program under the following conditions.' | *: ''{{big3}}andic cead{{cll}} texfejm zeàl progreamm tea{{heth}}t el{{cll}} coing{{cda}}eallaid{{cda}}èt{{cda}} gèje.'' 'You may use this program under the following conditions.' | ||
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=== Conjunctions === | === Conjunctions === | ||
* ''agus{{cll}}'' /əjs/ 'and', usually written {{ocus}} except at the beginning of a sentence (informally '' | * ''agus{{cll}}'' /əjs/ 'and', usually written {{ocus}} except at the beginning of a sentence (informally ''ejɯ'') | ||
* ''ev'' 'or' | * ''ev'' 'or' | ||
* ''eas{{cll}}da'' 'but (however)' | * ''eas{{cll}}da'' 'but (however)' | ||
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=== Numerals === | === Numerals === | ||
''vè{{heth}}ad'' /veahəd/, ''nejn, dlède, earb{{cll}}ȝa, | ''vè{{heth}}ad'' /veahəd/, ''nejn, dlède, earb{{cll}}ȝa, xamɯe, ɯitte, ɯeab{{cll}}{{3}}a, dmènje, diɯȝa, ȝasra'' (''nejn'' is due to rebracketing: ''vèħad, dnejn'' → ''vèħad, nejn'' | ||
attributive forms: ''vè{{heth}}ad/vè{{heth}}de, zevg, dlèdit, earb{{cll}}{{3}}at{{cll}}, | attributive forms: ''vè{{heth}}ad/vè{{heth}}de, zevg, dlèdit, earb{{cll}}{{3}}at{{cll}}, xamɯt, ɯittit, ɯeab{{cll}}{{3}}at{{cll}}, dmènit, diɯȝat, ȝasrat{{cll}}'' | ||
'' | ''xamɯt meara'' (by Irish influence; dated) or ''xamɯt niɯe'' '5 women', ''xamɯt en-niɯe'' 'the 5 women' | ||
''evvil, dèni, dèlid, ràb{{cll}}aȝ, | ''evvil, dèni, dèlid, ràb{{cll}}aȝ, xàmiɯ, ɯètit, ɯèb{{cll}}aȝ, dmèni, dèɯeȝ, ȝàser'' | ||
Ordinals come before nouns, as in Irish: ''ed dèlid bèb'' (abbrev. ''ed .3. bèb'') = the third door | Ordinals come before nouns, as in Irish: ''ed dèlid bèb'' (abbrev. ''ed .3. bèb'') = the third door | ||
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| ''Metli s{{cll}}altin {{3}}al el leaḃarlan{{cll}}n{{cll}},'' | | ''Metli s{{cll}}altin {{3}}al el leaḃarlan{{cll}}n{{cll}},'' | ||
| ''mè s{{cll}}abtin s γir zeàl ctèb g{{cll}}adìm.'' | | ''mè s{{cll}}abtin s γir zeàl ctèb g{{cll}}adìm.'' | ||
| ''Ridtin neag{{cll}}ra ctèb gvèr grejjèt en | | ''Ridtin neag{{cll}}ra ctèb gvèr grejjèt en niɯe fir{{cll}} F{{cda}}rainc.'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Maltese | ! Maltese | ||
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* Tuesday: ''jwm Dlède'' | * Tuesday: ''jwm Dlède'' | ||
* Wednesday: ''jwm Ear{{cll}}b{{cll}}{{3}}a'' | * Wednesday: ''jwm Ear{{cll}}b{{cll}}{{3}}a'' | ||
* Thursday: ''jwm | * Thursday: ''jwm Xamɯe'' | ||
* Friday: ''jwm Gim{{3}}a'' | * Friday: ''jwm Gim{{3}}a'' | ||
* Saturday: ''jwm ẞebt'' | * Saturday: ''jwm ẞebt'' | ||
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* a hypothetical news report in Modern Midhir | * a hypothetical news report in Modern Midhir | ||
=== UDHR, Article 1 === | === UDHR, Article 1 === | ||
:''Ritvèldw el bnèdmìn cwllhe | :''Ritvèldw el bnèdmìn cwllhe xèlɯe {{ocus}} coṁionanna f uirrimhwm {{ocus}} fi cear{{cll}}tathum. Hwme mrabbħa ber rèsùn{{cll}} {{ocus}} beḻ cogaḃḃus{{cll}} {{ocus}} ȝalèhwm jiomċru rùħhum meȝ silsìn b mèin guṟ eaxva.'' | ||
:/rɪtʰˈveːldʊ əl bnɪdˈmiːn ˈcʰʊlhə ˈχe:lsə əɪs qʰəwʶˈnʶanʶ:ə f ˈʊr:ɪmhʊm əɪs fɪ ˈcærʶtʶʰʌtʶʰ:ʊm | ˈhʊmə ˈmʶrʶapʰ:ɐ bər rəˈsʶu:nʶ əɪs bəlʶ qʰɔˈʔʶawʶ:ʊsʶ əɪs ɐˈle:hʊm ˈjʊmʶχrʶʊ ˈrʶuɐhhʊm mɐ ʃɪlˈʃi:n bə me:n ʔʶʊrʶ ˈaχvʶə/ | :/rɪtʰˈveːldʊ əl bnɪdˈmiːn ˈcʰʊlhə ˈχe:lsə əɪs qʰəwʶˈnʶanʶ:ə f ˈʊr:ɪmhʊm əɪs fɪ ˈcærʶtʶʰʌtʶʰ:ʊm | ˈhʊmə ˈmʶrʶapʰ:ɐ bər rəˈsʶu:nʶ əɪs bəlʶ qʰɔˈʔʶawʶ:ʊsʶ əɪs ɐˈle:hʊm ˈjʊmʶχrʶʊ ˈrʶuɐhhʊm mɐ ʃɪlˈʃi:n bə me:n ʔʶʊrʶ ˈaχvʶə/ | ||
:[rɪt̪ʰˈveːl{{den}}d{{den}}ʊ̈ ə̟lbn̪ɪd̪ˈmiːŋ̟ ˈk̟ʰʊ̈lhə ˈχɛːls{{den}}ə̟ əɪs{{den}} qʰʌwʶˈn̪ʶɑn̪ʶːʌ ˈf‿ʊ̈rːɪmhʊ̈m ˌɛjs{{den}} fɪ ˈk̟ærʶt{{den}}ʶʰʌt{{den}}ʶʰ:ʊmʲ ‖ hʊ̈mə̟ ˈm{{uvu}}rʶɑpːʰɐ̟ bərrə̟ˈs{{den}}{{uvu}}ʊːn{{den}}{{uvu}} ʌɪs{{den}} bəl̪ʶqʰʌˈʔɑwwʶʊs{{den}}ʶ əɪs{{den}} ɐ̟ˈleːhʊ̈mʲ ˈjʊmʶχrʶʊ ˈrʶʊɐħ̞ħ̞ʊm mɐ̟ ʃɪ̟lʃiːnʲ b‿meːnʲ ʔʶʊrʶ ˈæχwʶʌ] | :[rɪt̪ʰˈveːl{{den}}d{{den}}ʊ̈ ə̟lbn̪ɪd̪ˈmiːŋ̟ ˈk̟ʰʊ̈lhə ˈχɛːls{{den}}ə̟ əɪs{{den}} qʰʌwʶˈn̪ʶɑn̪ʶːʌ ˈf‿ʊ̈rːɪmhʊ̈m ˌɛjs{{den}} fɪ ˈk̟ærʶt{{den}}ʶʰʌt{{den}}ʶʰ:ʊmʲ ‖ hʊ̈mə̟ ˈm{{uvu}}rʶɑpːʰɐ̟ bərrə̟ˈs{{den}}{{uvu}}ʊːn{{den}}{{uvu}} ʌɪs{{den}} bəl̪ʶqʰʌˈʔɑwwʶʊs{{den}}ʶ əɪs{{den}} ɐ̟ˈleːhʊ̈mʲ ˈjʊmʶχrʶʊ ˈrʶʊɐħ̞ħ̞ʊm mɐ̟ ʃɪ̟lʃiːnʲ b‿meːnʲ ʔʶʊrʶ ˈæχwʶʌ] | ||