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:''{{SUBPAGENAME}} is highly diglossic; unless stated otherwise, this page describes the modern standard Amísreg register. For the other varieties, see the subpages devoted to individual varieties.
'''Suwáá''' (''Suwáá tahyeq'') is a language isolate of Hmøøh, spoken on the island country and archipelago of [[Verse:Hmøøh/Suwáábyíq|Suwáábyíq]]. It is mainly inspired aesthetically by Burmese, Japanese, Navajo, and Ancient Greek, and its grammar is meant to be "Navajo-lite" (agglutinative, strongly prefixing, strongly head-final, and head-marking, though not fully polysynthetic; noun incorporation is limited to certain formal styles).


:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Classical]]
The Suwáá dialect continuum is not known to be related to any other Hmøøhian language, but some have proposed a relation to the [[Quame languages]] based on lexical coincidences.
:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/'Onápaam]]
== Lexicon ==
:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Jikhoó'ii]]
* Nyu-Mɛ Kɛ{{acute}}q: inventor of  Kite guitar-type guitars
:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Camánreh]]
* su- = ''frozen derivation''
:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Hosne'éh]]
* wáá = person
:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/New Urban]]
* khywen = house
:[[{{PAGENAME}}/Wordlist]]
* weé = name
:[[{{PAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]
* maa = tree
:[[{{PAGENAME}}/Names]]
* yań = water
* lwɛ = to do, to make
* mɔ́ = blood
* zoo = to look
* mé = to be (copula)
** ''Upwe namé.'' 'I am a boy.'
** ''Suwáá imé.'' 'He is a Suwáá.'
* ze = to eat
* zé = to stack


{{Infobox language
== Phonology ==
|image =  
=== Initials ===
|imagesize =  
Suwáá has a large number of initials; however, prefixes do not allow aspirated or voiced initials.
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
* Historical velar stops: k kh g ŋ ky khy gy ŋy kw khw gw ŋw kyw khyw gyw ŋyw /k kʰ g ŋ tɕ tɕʰ dʑ ɲ kw kʰw ŋw tɕɥ tɕʰɥ dʑɥ ɲɥ/
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
* Historical alveolar stops: t th d n s sh z ny tw thw dw nw sw shw zw nyw /t tʰ d n s sʰ z ɲ tw tʰw dw nw sw sʰw zw ɲɥ/
|nativename = Sowaár dasrég
* Historical labial stops: p ph b m py phy by my pw phw bw mw /p pʰ b m pj pʰj bj mj pw pʰw bw mw/
|pronunciation= /sʊ̀wɑ̌ːɻ tɑ̀ʂɛ́k/
* y r w h ry hy rw hw ryw yw hyw /j r w h rj ɕ rw hw lɥ ɥ ɕɥ/
|setting= Tricin
|region = Sowaár daSóol, in Txapoalli
|familycolor=Isolate
|script={{PAGENAME}} alphabet
|nation=Sowaár daSóol (''de facto'')
|agency=none
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}


Forms of '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: ''soo-WAHZH''; Amísreg: ''Sowaár da·srég'' /sʊ̀wɑ̌ːɻ tɑ̀ʂɛ́k/, gloss: Sowaár {{sc|3pl}}-language) are the dominant languages in [[Verse:Tricin/Sóol|Sowaár daSóol]] in [[Verse:Tricin/Txapoalli]]. Sowaár is a non-configurational polysynthetic language with a complex verbal morphology.  
Usually, /r/ is realized much like Standard Japanese ''r''; it is [l] before /i j/.


{{PAGENAME}} forms a single dialect continuum and is otherwise an isolate, though some speculate that {{PAGENAME}} is related to the [[Quame languages]].
=== Rimes ===
==External history==
* Monomoraic: i e ɛ a ɔ o u n /i e ɛ a ɔ o u ɯ̃/
Sowaár is made for a [[Verse:Tricin/Sóol|Japan- and Britain-inspired country]] in Tricin but is intended to be very different from Japanese or English. It is aesthetically inspired by Navajo, Hmong and Vietnamese. Sowaár has a wide variety of accents and dialects in a small area and a posh register associated with the upper class, and it also ablauts verbs; that's where the similarities with English end.
* Bimoraic, but q cannot bear tone: iq eq ɛq aq ɔq oq uq /ɪʔ eɪ̯ʔ aɪ̯ʔ aʔ aʊ̯ʔ oʊ̯ʔ ʊʔ/
* Bimoraic, both morae tone-bearing: ii ee ɛɛ aa ɔɔ oo uu in en ɛn an ɔn on un /iː eː ɛː aː ɔː oː uː ɪɰ̃ eɪ̯ɰ̃ aɪ̯ɰ̃ aɰ̃ aʊ̯ɰ̃ oʊ̯ɰ̃ uɰ̃/


==Diglossia==
/ʔ/ is realized as gemination before obstruents; /ɯ̃ ɰ̃/ are realized as homorganic nasals before nasal and stop initials.
Sowaár is strongly diglossic, with the diglossia influenced by social class. The prestige variety Amísreg (Sowaár: /ɑmíʂɛk/ 'high language') is a direct descendant of [[Sowaár/Classical|Classical Sowaár]] with some reborrowing from Classical Sowaár, and it is the standard language used in literature, formal writing, newsreading, public announcements. Amísreg plays a similar role to the RP accent in British English: most native speakers of Amísreg are people from highly educated and wealthy families. On the other end of the spectrum, the lower class speak local lects which are sometimes mutually unintelligible. Amísreg is not a static entity; it is defined as whatever the Sowaár upper class speaks at the time.


The diglossia is also influenced by gender: urban women are more likely than other groups to use more neutral forms and accents (i.e. closer to an abstract pseudo-Amísreg "gynelect"). Since the 1340s (fT), a greater permissiveness towards regional and "nonstandard" varieties of Sowaár has taken hold in education. However, due to greater travel and the mass media, marked features in Sowaár varieties have also begun to disappear. Today, a quasi-"gynelect", New Urban Sowaár, is slowly emerging as the canonical non-posh colloquial dialect.
=== Tone ===
High (acute) and low (unmarked)
== Morphology ==
=== Nouns ===
Suwáá nouns are often, though not always, monosyllabic, like ''mɔ́'' 'blood'. Here is an example of a noun inflected for possession:
* ''namɔ́'' = my blood
* ''himɔ́'' = thy blood
* ''tamɔ́'' = his/her/their blood (proximate, like Navajo bi-)
* ''wamɔ́'' = his/her/their blood (obviative‚ like Navajo yi-)
* ''amɔ́'' = one's blood
* ''kyamɔ́'' = our (exc.) blood
* ''yemɔ́'' = our (inc.) blood
* ''erimɔ́'' = your (pl.) blood


The hierarchy of lects is roughly as follows:
Possession is indicated by using the appropriate possessive form after the possessor: ''Eqsiq tamɔ́'' (E. 3-blood) 'Eqsiq's blood'.
*Upper class: Amísreg
=== Verbs ===
*Professional class: accented Amísreg
Suwáá verb roots are always monosyllabic.
*Middle class: local vernacular + Amísreg
*Working/lower class: broad local vernacular


Amísreg is the variety taught in Sowaár schools and also the variety that is often first taught to non-natives. Though most natives are able to speak the proper language from learning it in school, they only choose to use it in certain situations, like greeting a customer, or talking to a stranger over the phone.
== Syntax ==
=== Obviation ===
Like Navajo, Suwáá shows various levels of animacy in its grammar, with certain nouns taking specific verb forms according to their rank in this animacy hierarchy. For instance, Suwáá nouns can be ranked by animacy on a continuum from most animate (a human or lightning) to least animate (an abstraction):


The language encountered in Sowaár pop culture can be much less posh, depending on the region and social class of the characters, and the target audience. The most frequently used Sowaár varieties in pop culture are the urban middle-class lects (most creators live in or near one of the major urban centers, e.g. 'Onápaam, Jikhoó'ii, Cyamányeh). Using more unusual lects mark certain types of characters (e.g. rural lects for country hicks, broad urban lects for hypermasculine bros, a caricatured "gynelect" for ditzy teenage girls, Amísreg for posh villains, ...)
humans > infants/big animals > midsize animals > small animals > insects > natural forces > inanimate objects/plants > abstractions


==Todo==
Generally, the most animate noun in a sentence must occur first while the noun with lesser animacy occurs second. If both nouns are equal in animacy, then either noun can occur in the first position. So, both example sentences (1) and (2) are correct. The ''n-'' prefix on the verb indicates that the 1st noun is the subject and ''i-'' indicates that the 2nd noun is the subject.
*Badly irregular ablaut like Navajo
*Some really short roots
*Should be different from Navajo and [[Roshterian]] but still polysynthetic
*Some Quame-ish words


<poem>
: ''Upwe unɛń nzoo.'' (1)
i fall in love with you (active counterpart) = shelisjhaágy
: boy girl OBV-look
do you want reduplication?
: 'The boy is looking at the girl.'
sounds ok
how is -in for an attributive clause
or relative clause
verb+in
so it's a nominalizer
clofab intensifies
yeah
shiilyohookh+in = that piles up
😍1
and that could ablaut to -iin or -iín?
in some forms like intransitive attributive
most C(C)oC verbs should inflect like sjhogy
maybe
Sowaazh should be non-config
noun phrases are head-final and they use relational nouns
shiilyohookh would inflect like


khashiilyohookh
: ''Upwe unɛń izoo.'' (2)
akheshiiñlyohookh
: boy girl PROX-look
khóoshigyoñhookh?
: 'The girl is being looked at by the boy.'
inceptive should use t
yeah
or d
because of quame future
quihumists would relate that to thensarian -tē-
yeah
that "let us soar party" 😀
and for the fun of it...
the t should be an infix!
sjhodagy-
😍1
should mean to fall in love
</poem>


==Phonology==
But example sentence (3) sounds wrong to most Suwáá speakers because the less animate noun occurs before the more animate noun:
Take inspiration from Vietnamese accents for Sowaár dialects
: ''*Hipyii unɛń hyenkywáq.''
===Consonants===
: bird girl PST-OBV-peck
High {{PAGENAME}} has a large consonant inventory of 35 consonants:
: 'The bird pecked the girl.'
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
|+ '''Consonant phonemes in High {{PAGENAME}}'''
|-
!  colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width: 136px; "|
!  rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Labial
!  colspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Dental
!  colspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Retroflex
!  rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Palatal
!  rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Velar
!  rowspan=2 style="width: 68px; " |Glottal
|-
!| <small>central</small>
!| <small>lateral</small>
!| <small>central</small>
!| <small>lateral</small>
|-
!colspan="2"| Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
| '''nr''' /ɳ/
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" style=""  |Stop
! |<small>tenuis</small>
| '''b''' /p/
| '''d''' /t/
| '''dl''' /tl/
| '''dr''' /ʈ/
| '''dlr''' /ʈɭ/
| '''j''' /tɕ/
| '''g''' /k/
| ''' ' ''' /ʔ/
|-
! |<small>aspirated</small>
| '''p''' /pʰ/
| '''t''' /tʰ/
| '''tl''' /tɬʰ/
| '''tr''' /ʈʰ/
| '''tlr''' /ʈɬʵʰ/
| '''c''' /tɕʰ/
| '''k''' /kʰ/
|
|-
! |<small>ejective</small>
|
| '''t'''' /tʼ/
| '''tl'''' /tɬʼ/
| '''tr'''' /ʈʼ/
| '''tlr'''' /ʈɬʵʼ/
| '''c'''' /tɕʼ/
| '''k'''' /kʼ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
|
| '''s''' /s/
| '''ł''' /ɬ/
| '''sr''' /ʂ/
| '''łr''' /ɬʵ/
| '''x''' /ɕ/
| '''kh''' /x/
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Approximant
| '''w''' /w/
|
| '''l''' /l/
|colspan="2"| '''r''' /ɻ~ɭ/
| '''y''' /j/
|
|
|}


====Notes====
To express this idea requires that the more animate noun occur first, as in sentence (4):
All consonants are long, compared to English and other Sowaár dialects: with plain stops the hold is longer, with aspirated stops the aspiration is longer, and with affricates the frication is longer. The voice onset time of the aspirated and ejective stops is twice as long as that found in most other languages.
: ''Unɛń hipyii hyeekywáq.''
: girl bird PST-PROX-peck
: 'The girl was pecked by the bird.'


The retroflex stops are subapical stops in posh accents and are apical stops or affricates in less posh accents.
== Vocabulary ==
 
Purist
===Vowels===
High {{PAGENAME}} has only 4 vowel qualities, although there is phonemic vowel length.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''High {{PAGENAME}} oral vowels'''
! rowspan="2" style=""|
! colspan="2" style="" |Front
! colspan="2" style="" |Back
|-
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /ɪ/
| '''ii''' /iː/
| '''o''' /ʊ/
| '''oo''' /uː/
|-
! style="" |Open
| '''e''' /ɛ/
| '''ee''' /ɛː/
| '''a''' /ɑ/
| '''aa''' /ɑː/
|}
 
===Tone===
Modern High {{PAGENAME}} has a two-level tone system - every word will have at least one high pitched mora but may have more than one, especially in longer words. A mora with high pitch is marked with an acute accent.
 
Other Sowaár lects have different tonal systems or none. For example, the Cyamányeh lect has no tone.
 
===Phonotactics===
Sowaár allows the following initial clusters: ''sb sd sj sjh sjy sgy sg'' /sp st sts ʂtʂ ɕtɕ sc sk/.
 
===Conservative Amísreg===
In Conservative Amísreg, the '''g'''-series is realized as postvelar, and the '''gy'''-series is realized as prevelar. The vowels '''o oo''' are consistently [o o:], and '''a aa''' are less back [ä ä:] unless adjacent to '''g'''-series consonants.
 
Conservative Amísreg retains the Classical Sowaár 3-tone system in a simplified form, which moderners may perceive as overdramatic.
 
*Classical Sowaár: á, a, à, áa, aà, aá, aa
*Conservative Amísreg: á, a, à, áa, aá, aa
*Modern Amísreg: á, a, áa, aá, aa
 
==Orthography==
All varieties of Sowaár are written in the Sowaár alphabet, which was originally developed as a phonetic notation system like the IPA. Amísreg spelling is based on Conservative Amísreg.
 
*no dot: mid tone
*one dot below: high tone
*two dots below: low tone (unpronounced)
===Writing vernaculars===
 
==Sandhi==
All Sowaár lects have extensive sandhi systems. The following describes Amísreg sandhi.
===Consonants and vowels===
===Tone===
 
==Morphology==
:''Main article: [[Sowaár/Morphology]]''
Sowaár is strongly head-marking, like many indigenous languages of North and Central America. More information is conveyed by verbs than in most other languages. Example:
 
:'''''Sowaár tasr la'dat'oóweyin'''''
:/sʊ̀wɑ̌:ɻ tʰɑ̀ʂ lɑ̀ʔtɑ̀tʼǔ:wɛ̀jɪ̀n/
:Sowaár da-hasr la'-da-t'oó-e-in
:Sowaár 3PL.AN-for "all directions"-3PL.AN-radiate/REG-REG=NOMZ (REG = TAM for "regularly does something, as in a job")
:''Sowaár Broadcasting Corporation''
:Literal translation: "those who regularly send things out in all directions for the Sowaár people"
 
==Syntax==
===Word order===
Amísreg is non-configurational. Noun phrases are head-final.
===Clitics===
Most conjunctions and clitics obey Wackernagel's law; they come after the first syntactic phrase or the first stressed word in a clause.
 
===Relative clauses===
Nominalized relative clauses are formed by attaching the nominalizing clitic ''=in'' after the clause (one of the few exceptions to Wackernagel's law). On the other hand, verbal nouns are not used.
 
Examples:
*''lisdrój'' /lɪ̀ʂtʂʊ́c/ = 'I love you' > ''lisdrójin'' /lɪ̀ʂtʂʊ́cɪ̀n/ =  'the fact that I love you'
*''sriilohóokh'' = 'they pile up forming a line' > ''sriilohóokhin'' = (a type of scale used in Sowaár music)
 
==Vocabulary==
Sowaár, in addition to native words, uses many loans from Naquic and Tsimulh languages, and recently, [[Skellan]]. Borrowed words are almost all nouns.
 
For example:
 
''Khópab daSóol'' = Clofabolocin (via Skellan ''Clofab'')
 
glah → gakháh /kaxah/
 
Hnawcas Amlad → Náwokas Ámkhad
 
Iña's Moh > Íikhasmoh
 
To abbreviate words, Sowaár uses clipping.
===Transliterating Skellan===
Consonants:
*/m n ŋ/ = ''m n n''
*/p t k/ = ''b d g''
*/pʰ tʰ kʰ/ = ''p t k''
*/ts tʃ/ = ''c c''
*/f θ ç χ h/ = ''p d x kh h''
*/v ð j/ = ''w d y''
*/s ʃ/ = ''s x''
*/z ʒ/ = ''s x''
*/w r r̥ ʟ/ = ''w r sh kh''
 
Vowels:
*/i y ə u e~ɛi ø~œy o~ɔu ɛ œ a ɔ/ = ''ii ii a oo i/eyi i/eyi o/awo e e a a''
**/e ø o/ = ''i i o'' for Skellan Eevo, ''eyi/ewi/awo'' for Fyxoomian Eevo
*/ai ui au ɛu iu iə yə uə/ = ''ayi owi awo ewo iyo iya iya uwa'''
*Fyxoomian: /õˁ ẽˁ~ø̃ˁ ɛ̃ˁ~œ̃ˁ ɔ̃ˁ ãˁ/ = ''oN iN eN aN aN''
*Skellan: /iɤ yɤ uɤ eɤ øɤ oɤ ɛɤ aɤ ɔɤ/ = ''iwa iwa owa iwa ewa owa ewa awa awa''
 
==Study by non-native speakers==
Due to the popularity of Sowaár pop culture across the globe, Sowaár is commonly learned by Sowaárophile otakus. Sowaár is considered one of the most daunting languages for speakers of most Northern languages, due to its morphological complexity and high degree of diglossia.
 
==Poetry==
Sowaár poetry uses quantitative meters, like Sanskrit.
 
(LLLLSLLSSSSSSLLSLLSLL)
 
(LLLSSLSLSSSLLLSLLSL)
 
<poem>
Lyoóshaant’ ólo·sjecyida'eéch’ óna' da·sk’onyáad shéb (LLSSSSSLSSSSLS)
Gáadeéncyok’ oon·táshojyekaad wehacóozh bijháalyin (LLSLSSSLSSLSLS)
</poem>
 
==Phrasebook==
*'''Áa'weh khéh, mehonol'é?'' = Hello, how do you do? (gloss: good place, 2SG-CONT-peaceful-INTERR)
*''Khahonolíi.'' = reply to ''Mehonoly'é?'' (gloss: 1SG-CONT-peaceful-TVF)
*''Lihosdróy'' = I love you.
*''Nótr'ahgará be'saambój. Khooh 'ésjol be'saambojáyee'.'' = "All animals are equal. But some animals are more equal than others."
 
==Sample Texts==
===UDHR===
:''Notr'ekhandóo...''
:all=human 3PL-GNOMIC-be-born 3SG.INAN-from STATIVE-free, 3PL-STAT-PASS-honor=NOM and 3PL-STAT-deserve=NOM 3INAN-STAT-equal
:Literally: ''All people from being born are free; their dignity and rights are equal. They-can-TELIC-think=NOMZ and they-can-know-good=NOM, they can use it, they must thus move themselves in the face of each other as if they were brothers.''
 
===Serenity===
:Literally: ''May I be at peace with what I cannot change, boldly change what I can change, and by thinking wisely, tell the two situations apart.''
 
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:Polysynthetic languages]][[Category:Tricin]]
IlL
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