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'''Nădoghin''' is a Hebrew-, Khmer- and Welsh-inspired Shalaic language.
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL]]
|name = {{SUBPAGENAME}}
|nativename = Năhtuıyin
|pronunciation=
|familycolor=dodellic
|fam1=[[Idavic]]
|fam2=[[Netagic]]
|setting = [[Verse:Unbegotten]]
|iso3=
|notice=
}}


Conservative grammar, less conservative vowels?
'''Netagin''' (''Năhtuıyin'' /ˈnəʔtʰʉjin/) is a Sami, Hebrew and [[Windermere]]-inspired Idavic language. It is related to [[Shalaian]] but phonologically is less conservative. Like Shalaian, Netagin is an inflected head-initial language, but has a more fusional morphology: both nouns and verbs are inflected using stem changes (Sami-style consonant gradation, umlaut and creaky voice ablaut) in addition to prefixes and suffixes. It also retains older Idavic morphology such as cases and the dual. The relationship between Shalaian and Netagin is analogous to that between Centum and Satem IE languages: labiovelars become plain velars and plain velars become the ''c̦''-series in Netagin.
 
Shalaian and Netagin belong to a common sprachbund. They are two different branches of the Idavic family that convergently evolved to share the following features:
*Preglottalization
*Large vowel system
*Historical non-rhoticity
*Verb-initial syntax
*Split-ergativity
==Todo==
Deutschify the grammar (V2, cases, STOV)?
 
yubmă = aroma
 
Very large vowel system? Khmer gibberish? Construct state with vowel changes (Revive Trây?)


==About==
==About==
===External history===
===External history===
This is Netagin 5.0.
This is the sixth reincarnation of Netagin (my past Hebrew-inspired conlangs).  
 
I was getting bored of standard-fare Semitic and Celtic aesthetics, so I decided to try out a much more (mainly Northern and Skolt) Sami aesthetic and make the Hebrew influence much more subtle (at least phonologically).
 
===Internal history===
Netagin is a conlang created by Edna Ashe. Like its relative [[Shalaian]], it is loosely inspired by Hebrew, Welvington English, and Celtic languages (Old Irish, Judeo-Gaelic and [[Verthanic]]).
 
Both Netagin and Shalaian are used  as liturgical languages in Ashe's personal system of spirituality.
 
===Internal² history===


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Vowels:  
"Northern + Skolt Sami but more Windermere and Tíogall"
*full: i y u e~ai o~au ɛ ɔ a ''i ü u ae ao e o a''
 
*reduced: ə ɨ ʉ ''ă ĭ ŭ''
===Vowels===
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |Central
! rowspan="2" |Back
|-
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''iı, ĭı''' /i/
| '''ĭ, ăı''' /ɨ/
| '''uı''' /ʉ/
| '''u''' /u/
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
| '''i, eı''' /e/
| '''ă''' /ə/
| '''oı''' /ɵ/
| '''o''' /o/
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
| '''e''' /ɛ/
|
|
|
|-
! style="" |Open
| '''aı, äı''' /æ/
|
| '''ä''' /a/
| '''a''' /ɒ/
|}
The diphthongs are '''ia ua ea oa ĭa ieı ueı eaı oeı ĭeı''' /iə uə eə oə ɨə ie ue ie oe ɨi/.
====Umlaut====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!normal
|| i || u || e || o || ă || ĭ || ä || á || ia || ua || ea || oa || ĭa
|-
!umlauted
|| iı || uı || eı || oı || ăı || ĭı || äı || áı || ieı || ueı || eaı || oeı || ĭeı
|}
Proto-Netagin a ā i ī u ū ə + modal/stød -> ä a/oa e/ea i/ie u/ua ă ĭ/ĭa
 
TODO: closing diphthongs and Philly-style reinforcement
 
===Consonants===
*Nasals:
**m bm bmm hm hmm /m pm bːm m̥ː m̥ːː/
**n dn dnn hn hnn /n tn dːn n̥ː n̥ːː/
*Stops:
**p pp hp hpp b bb hb hbb f /pʰ pːʰ ʔpʰ ʔːpʰ p~b pː hp hːp v~f/
**t tt ht htt d dd hd hdd th /tʰ tːʰ ʔtʰ ʔːtʰ t~d tː ht hːt ð~θ/
**ț țț hț hțț ḑ ḑḑ hḑ hḑḑ z /tsʰ tsːʰ ʔtsʰ ʔːtsʰ ts~dz tsː hts hːts z/
**c̦ c̦c̦ hc̦ hc̦c̦ ģ ģģ hģ hģģ j /tʃʰ tʃːʰ ʔtʃʰ ʔːtʃʰ tʃ~dʒ tʃː htʃ hːtʃ ʒ/
**ξ ξξ hξ hξξ λ λλ hλ hλλ ƛ /tɬʰ tɬːʰ ʔtɬʰ ʔːtɬʰ tɬ~dɮ tɬː htɬ hːtɬ l/
**c cc hc hcc g gg hg hgg /kʰ kːʰ ʔkʰ ʔːkʰ k~g kː hk hːk/
*Fricatives: s ss s's ș șș ș'ș σ σσ σ'σ h hh h'h /s sː sːː ʃ ʃː ʃːː ɬ ɬː ɬːː h xː xːː/
*Other resonants:
**l ll gll hl hll /ʟ qː ɢː χː χːː/
**r rr drr hr hrr /ɾ tɾ dːɾ r̥ː r̥ːː/
**y yy gyy hy hyy /j cː ɟː çː çːː/
**w ww gww hw hww /w kʷː gʷː xʷː xʷːː/
 
The back liquid /ʟ/ is realized as a pharyngealized nasalized uvular approximant [ʁ̃ˁ]. /ʟ/ and its gradated counterparts come from a merger of Proto-Idavic *l, *ʕ, and often *q.
 
===Stress===
Stress is always initial, ignoring derivational prefixes.
 
===Gradation===
There are 2 gradation grades in Netagin morphology, respectively termed ''weak'' and ''strong''. Gradation is purely morphological and is no longer phonologically conditioned: different forms of a word may require different grades, and a form may be marked through gradation alone.
====Simple consonants====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Weak
||''f'' || ''b'' || ''th'' || ''d'' || ''z'' || ''ḑ'' || ''y'' || ''ģ'' || ''ƛ'' || ''λ'' || ''j'' || ''g'' || ''s'' || ''ș'' || ''σ'' || ''h'' || ''m'' || ''n'' || ''l'' || ''r'' || ''y'' || ''w''
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Strong
|| ''hb'' || ''hp'' || ''hd'' || ''ht'' || ''hḑ'' || ''hț'' || ''hģ'' || ''hc̦'' || ''hλ'' || ''hξ'' || ''hg'' || ''hc'' || ''ss'' || ''șș'' || ''σσ'' || ''hh'' || ''bm'' || ''dn'' || ''ll'' || ''rr'' || ''yy'' || ''ww''<!--
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Overlong
|| ''hbb'' || ''hpp'' || ''hdd'' || ''htt'' || ''hḑḑ'' || ''hțț'' || ''hģģ'' || ''hc̦c̦'' || ''hλλ'' || ''hξξ'' || ''hgg'' || ''hcc'' ||''ss'' || ''șș'' || ''σσ'' || ''hh'' || ''hm'' || ''hn'' || ''gll'' || ''drr''  || ''gyy'' || ''gww''-->
|}
 
====Historical geminates====
Geminates historically arose from historical nC, /ʔ h/ + C, C + /ʔ h/ → C: sound changes, before gradation became morphologically significant. In Modern Netagin geminates almost always turned to preaspirated or preglottalized stops, except after resonants.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Weak
|| ''hb'' || ''hp'' || ''hd'' || ''ht'' || ''hḑ'' || ''hț'' || ''hģ'' || ''hc̦'' || ''hλ'' || ''hξ'' || ''hg'' || ''hc'' || ''ss'' || ''șș'' || ''σσ'' || ''hh'' || ''bm'' || ''dn'' || ''ll'' || ''rr'' || ''yy'' || ''ww'' || ''hl'' || ''hr'' || ''hy'' || ''hw''
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Strong<!-- = Overlong-->
|| ''hbb'' || ''hpp'' || ''hdd'' || ''htt'' || ''hḑḑ'' || ''hțț'' || ''hģģ'' || ''hc̦c̦'' || ''hλλ'' || ''hξξ'' || ''hgg'' || ''hcc'' || ''s's'' || ''ș'ș'' || ''σ'σ'' || ''h'h'' || ''bmm'' /b:m/ || ''dnn'' /d:n/ || ''gll'' /ɢ:/ || ''drr'' /d:ɾ/ || ''gyy'' /ɟː/ || ''gww'' /gːʷ/ || ''hll'' || ''hrr'' || ''hyy'' || ''hww''
|}
 
====Clusters with resonants====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Cluster type
|| PR || RR || FR || RX, R ≠ ''l'' || lX (l = /ʟ/)
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Weak
|| P<sub>I</sub>R<sub>I</sub> || R<sub>I</sub>R<sub>I</sub> || F<sub>I</sub>R<sub>I</sub> || R<sub>I</sub>X<sub>I</sub> || lX<sub>I</sub>
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Strong
|| P<sub>II</sub>R<sub>I</sub> || R<sub>I</sub>R<sub>II</sub> || F<sub>I</sub>tR<sub>I</sub>|| R<sub>I</sub>X: || qX<sub>I</sub><!--
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Overlong
|| P<sub>III</sub>R<sub>I</sub> || R<sub>I</sub>R<sub>III</sub> || F<sub>II</sub>R<sub>I</sub> || R<sub>I</sub>X: || llX<sub>I</sub>-->
|}
*R = resonant /m n ʟ r j w/
*X = obstruent
*P = stop
*F = fricative /s ʃ ɬ/
*C<sub>I</sub>, C<sub>II</sub>, C<sub>III</sub> = simple consonant in the corresponding gradation grade
*C: = geminate counterpart of an obstruent
 
====Stop-obstruent clusters====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Weak
|| ''fd, fḑ, fģ, fλ, fg'' /vd~ft, .../ || ''ft, fț, fc̦, fξ, fc, fs, fș, fσ'' /ftʰ, .../ || ''thb, thg'' /ðb~θp, ðg~θk/ || ''thp, thc, thq'' /θpʰ, θkʰ, θqʰ/ || ''wb, wd, wḑ, wģ, wλ'' /wb~wp, .../ || ''wp, wt, wț, wc̦, wξ, ws, wș, wσ'' /xʷpʰ, .../
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Strong
|| ''bd, bḑ, bģ, bλ, bg'' /pt, .../  || ''pt, pț, pc̦, pξ, pc, ps, pș, pσ'' /ptʰ, .../ || ''db, dg'' /tp, tk/ || ''tp, tc, tq'' /tpʰ, tkʰ, tqʰ/ || ''gb, gd, gḑ, gģ, gλ'' /kp, .../ || ''cp, ct, cț, cc̦, cξ, cs, cș, cσ'' /kpʰ, .../<!--
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Overlong
|| ''bdd, bḑḑ, bģģ, bλλ, bgg''  /hpt, .../ || ''ptt, pțț, pc̦c̦, pξξ, pcc, pqq, pss, pșș, pσσ'' /ʔptʰ, .../ || ''dbb, dgg'' /htp, htk/ || ''tpp, tcc, tqq'' /ʔtpʰ, ʔtkʰ, ʔtqʰ/ || ''gbb, gdd, gḑḑ, gģģ, gλλ'' /hkp, .../ || ''cpp, ctt, cțț, cc̦c̦, cξξ, css, cșș, cσσ'' /ʔkpʰ, .../-->
|}
 
====Sibilant-stop clusters====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Weak
|| ''sp, st, sț, sξ, sc'' /sp, st, sts, stʃ, stɬ, sk/ || ''șp, șt, șc̦, șξ, șc'' /ʃp, ʃt, ʃtʃ, ʃtɬ, ʃk/ || ''łp, łt, łc'' /ɬp, ɬt, ɬk/
|-
!style="width: 100px;"|Strong <!--= Overlong-->
|| ''spp, stt, sțț, sξξ, scc'' /sːp, sːt, sːts, sːtɬ, sːk/ || ''șpp, ștt, șc̦c̦, șξξ, șcc'' /ʃːp, ʃːt, ʃːtʃ, ʃːtɬ, ʃːk/ || ''łpp, łtt, łcc'' /ɬːp, ɬːt, ɬːk/
|}
 
===Phonotactics===
Initial sC clusters are valid in names and loans from Shalaian.
 
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
Netagin has singular, dual, and plural numbers, and animate and inanimate genders. Some inanimates end in ''-ă'', which is cognate to the Shalaian honorific suffix ''-er''. They have three cases: nominative, accusative and genitive.
Netagin nouns take the definite article ''pă'' and the specific article ''nă''.
 
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;"
|-
|+ Soft-stem noun: ''reaıct'' /riekʰtʰ/ 'nightingale'
|-
! case
! singular !! plural
|-
!nominative
|''reaıct'' /riekʰtʰ/ || ''reaıwt'' /riexʷtʰ/
|-
!accusative
|''reawt'' /reəxʷtʰ/ || ''reawtă'' /reəxʷtʰə/
|-
!genitive
|''reaıwt'' /riexʷtʰ/ || ''reaıwtĭg'' /riexʷtʰɨk/
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 220px; text-align: center;"
|-
|+ Hard-stem noun: ''șuarbm'' /ʃuəɾəpm/ 'stone'
|-
! case
! singular !! plural
|-
!nominative
|''șuarbm'' /ʃuəɾəpm/ || ''șuarm'' /ʃuəɾəm/
|-
!accusative
|''șuarm'' /ʃuəɾəm/ || ''șuarmă'' /ʃuəɾəmə/
|-
!genitive
|''șuarm'' /ʃuəɾəm/ || ''șuarmăg'' /ʃuəɾəmək/
|}
{{col-end}}
 
===Declension===
====Possessive markers====
Possessive markers have different forms depending on number and case.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*''c̦uall'' = a house (nominative singular)
*1s ''c̦ualăl''
*2s ''c̦ualăth''
*3s ''c̦ualla'' (a); ''c̦ualli'' (i)
*1d ''c̦ualăjăf''
*2d ''c̦uallănif''
*3d ''c̦uallăf''
*1p ''c̦ualăģ''
*2p ''c̦ualni''
*3p ''c̦uallăs''
{{col-break}}
*''c̦ual'' = a house (genitive singular)
*1s ''c̦ualăhcăl''
*2s ''c̦ualăhcăth''
*3s ''c̦ualăg'' (a); ''c̦ualuy'' (i)
*1d ''c̦ualăhcăjăf''
*2d ''c̦ualăgănif''
*3d ''c̦ualăgăf''
*1p ''c̦ualăhcăģ''
*2p ''c̦ualăgăni''
*3p ''c̦ualăgăs''
{{col-break}}
*''c̦ualăhd'' = two houses (nominative dual); to form the dual genitive, attach the suffix -id to all these forms
*1s ''c̦ualăhdăl''
*2s ''c̦ualăhdăth''
*3s ''c̦ualăhdud'' (a); ''c̦ualăhduģ'' (i)
*1d ''c̦ualăhdăjăf''
*2d ''c̦ualăthănif''
*3d ''c̦ualăthăf''
*1p ''c̦ualăhdăģ''
*2p ''c̦ualăthăni''
*3p ''c̦ualăthăs''
{{col-break}}
*''c̦uallu'' = houses (nom pl)
*1s ''c̦ualul''
*2s ''c̦ualuth''
*3s ''c̦uallud'' (a); ''c̦ualluģ'' (i)
*1d ''c̦ualujăf''
*2d ''c̦uallunif''
*3d ''c̦ualluf''
*1p ''c̦ualuģ''
*2p ''c̦ualluni''
*3p ''c̦uallus''
{{col-break}}
*''c̦ualu'' = houses (gen pl)
*1s ''c̦ualugăl''
*2s ''c̦ualugăth''
*3s ''c̦ualuhc'' (a); ''c̦ualluy'' (i)
*1d ''c̦ualugăjăf''
*2d ''c̦ualuhcănif''
*3d ''c̦ualuhcăf''
*1p ''c̦ualugăģ''
*2p ''c̦ualuhcăni''
*3p ''c̦ualuhcăs''
{{col-end}}
 
===Adjectives===
animate:
*nominative: qoeıdb /ˈqʰoetp/, qoeıthbehd /ˈqʰoəðbɪht/,  qoathbun /ˈqʰoəðbun/ <- PShal *qũdba, *qũdband, *qũdbaan
*genitive: qoathbă /ˈqʰoəðbə/, qoeıthbehdid /ˈqʰoəðbɪhtɪt/,  qoadbă /ˈqʰoətpə/ <- *qũdbak, *qũdband=igid, *qũdbii
inanimate
*nominative: qoadb, qoathbăhd, qoadbu <- *qũdbi, *qũdbund, *qũdbaa
*genitive: qoathb, qoathbăhdid, qoathbu <- *qũdbik, *qũdbund=igid, *qũdbaak
 
===Pronouns===
====Independent pronouns====
====Pronominal suffixes====
===Prepositions===
As in German, prepositions govern specific cases and change their meanings depend on what case the noun is in
 
Inflected prepositions sometimes have different froms depending on whether the object is accusative or dative.
 
===Verbs===
====Suffixes and stem changes====
====Class 1====
====Class 2====
====Class 3====
 
==Syntax==
Lushootseed (predicate first)?
 
''Myl las oszað, byddzal'' = Give me your hand, my love


Consonants:
==Vocabulary==
*soft mutation:
Shalaian as major loan source?
**p b t d h tʃ dʒ k g q (''p b t d s č j c g q'') -> b v d ð z dʒ ʒ g ɣ ɴ (''b v d dh z j ž g gh l'')
[[Category:Idavic languages]]
*ejectives and geminates (from creaky voice) become fricatives: p’ t’ tɬ’ tʃ’ k’ q’ h -> f θ ʃ ʃ x ħ s (''f th š š ch ħ s'')
*fricatives: s ʃ h
*others: m n ɴ (historical L~historical ʕ) r w y ʔ
IlL
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