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Verse:Lõis/Vietnamese: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Vietnamese in Lõis''' ({{angbr|''thî́ng Fî̀d''}}) is essentially the same as in our timeline, but uses a different Romanized orthography developed by a Welsh convert to Catholicism in the 17th century. (We stipulate that ''ph'' already spirantized by that time in Lõis.) | ||
The ''sắc'' tone is called ''bén'' (our timeline's Central and Southern Vietnamese for 'sharp') in Lõis. | |||
== | == Orthography ({{angbr|''Djũ Gwyg Ngũ''}}) == | ||
* | === Initials === | ||
* m n nj ng = m n nh ng | |||
* b ƀ th đ dr dj g = p b t đ tr ch c/k/qu | |||
* ff t c = ph th kh | |||
* s rh = x s | |||
* f dd j gg = v d gi g | |||
* l r = l r | |||
-w- medial: ''Wîn'' (''Uyên''), ''Ngwî{{tilde}}n'' (''Nguyễn''), ''Fîn'' (''Viên''), ''gwen'' (''quen'') | |||
The letter ''v'' for /w/ is obsolete. ''k p q v x z'' are not part of the modern alphabet. | |||
=== Rimes === | |||
* The nuclei are: | |||
** i u w ê ŷ y ô e â a o = i/y ư u ê ơ â ô e a ă o | |||
** Handwritten {{angbr|i}} and {{angbr|j}} are ''never'' dotted. (In our Vietnamese, handwritten {{angbr|i}} is ''always'' dotted.) | |||
** In open syllables â ŷ are written without the circumflex. | |||
** î û ŵ = ia/iê, ưa/ươ, ua/uô | |||
* -m -n -ng -b -d -g are used for the finals -m -n -ng -p -t -c | |||
* Rimes with /j/ and /w/ finals: | |||
** îw, ûw, ûi, ŵi = iêu, ươu, ươi, uôi | |||
** iw, uw, ui, wi = iu, ưu, ưi, ui | |||
** êw, yw, yi, ŷi, ôe = êu, âu, ây, ơi, ôi | |||
** ew, ao, aw, ae, ai, oe = eo, ao, au, ai, ay, oi | |||
* Rimes with -nh and -ch finals are written as follows: aing/g, ying/g, ing/g = anh/ch, ênh/ch, inh/ch | |||
* awng/g, ywng/g = ong/c, ông/c | |||
=== Tones === | |||
Tones are written with the same diacritics as in our Vietnamese orthography. However, entering tones are written as ngang and huyền. | |||
=== Sample from ''Truyện Kiều'' ({{angbr|''Drwị̂n Gî̀w''}})=== | |||
<poem> | |||
''Dram nam drawng gõe ngû̀i tha, | |||
''Djũ thàe djũ mỵing céw là gged njaw. | |||
''Drảe gwa mồd gŵ̀g ƀể ddyw, | |||
''Njũng đî̀w drywng týi mà đaw đŷ́n làwng. | |||
''Lạ jì ƀỉ rhag thu ffawng, | |||
''Drŷ̀i saing gwen tóe má hỳwng đáing ggen. | |||
</poem> | |||
== Dialectology == | |||
* Some conservative North-Central dialects in Lõis have [r̥] for /ʂ/ ({{angbr|''s''}} in our timeline's Quốc Ngữ); this is a continuation of /Cr/ clusters which are the native sources of /ʂ/. | |||
* Some Southern dialects merge /ʂ/ with /x/ into [x] (these dialects also merge /ɹ/ and /ɣ/). | |||
* Some speakers pronounce /t{{den}}/ as [θ], which is an older pronunciation. | |||