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Verse:Lõis/Vietnamese: Difference between revisions
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'''Vietnamese in Lõis''' is essentially the same as in our timeline, but uses a different Romanized orthography developed by a Welsh convert to Catholicism in the 17th century. (We stipulate that ''ph'' already spirantized by that time in Lõis.) | '''Vietnamese in Lõis''' ({{angbr|''thî́ng Fî̀d''}}) is essentially the same as in our timeline, but uses a different Romanized orthography developed by a Welsh convert to Catholicism in the 17th century. (We stipulate that ''ph'' already spirantized by that time in Lõis.) | ||
== Orthography ('' | |||
The ''sắc'' tone is called ''bén'' (our timeline's Central and Southern Vietnamese for 'sharp') in Lõis. | |||
== Orthography ({{angbr|''Djũ Gwyg Ngũ''}}) == | |||
=== Initials === | === Initials === | ||
* m n nj ng = m n nh ng | * m n nj ng = m n nh ng | ||
* b ƀ | * b ƀ th đ dr dj g = p b t đ tr ch c/k/qu | ||
* ff t c = ph th kh | * ff t c = ph th kh | ||
* s rh = x s | * s rh = x s | ||
* f dd j gg = v d gi g | * f dd j gg = v d gi g | ||
* l r = l r | * l r = l r | ||
-w- medial: ''Wîn'' (''Uyên''), '' | -w- medial: ''Wîn'' (''Uyên''), ''Ngwî{{tilde}}n'' (''Nguyễn''), ''Fîn'' (''Viên''), ''gwen'' (''quen'') | ||
The letter ''v'' for /w/ is obsolete. ''k p q v x z'' are not part of the modern alphabet. | |||
=== Rimes === | === Rimes === | ||
* The nuclei are: | * The nuclei are: | ||
** i u w e | ** i u w ê ŷ y ô e â a o = i/y ư u ê ơ â ô e a ă o | ||
** Handwritten {{angbr|i}} and {{angbr|j}} are ''never'' dotted. (In our Vietnamese, handwritten {{angbr|i}} is ''always'' dotted.) | |||
** In open syllables â ŷ are written without the circumflex. | |||
** î û ŵ = ia/iê, ưa/ươ, ua/uô | ** î û ŵ = ia/iê, ưa/ươ, ua/uô | ||
* -m -n -ng -b -d -g are used for the finals -m -n -ng -p -t -c | * -m -n -ng -b -d -g are used for the finals -m -n -ng -p -t -c | ||
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** îw, ûw, ûi, ŵi = iêu, ươu, ươi, uôi | ** îw, ûw, ûi, ŵi = iêu, ươu, ươi, uôi | ||
** iw, uw, ui, wi = iu, ưu, ưi, ui | ** iw, uw, ui, wi = iu, ưu, ưi, ui | ||
** | ** êw, yw, yi, ŷi, ôe = êu, âu, ây, ơi, ôi | ||
** | ** ew, ao, aw, ae, ai, oe = eo, ao, au, ai, ay, oi | ||
* Rimes with -nh and -ch finals are written as follows: aing/g, | * Rimes with -nh and -ch finals are written as follows: aing/g, ying/g, ing/g = anh/ch, ênh/ch, inh/ch | ||
* awng/g, ywng/g = ong/c, ông/c | |||
=== Tones === | === Tones === | ||
Tones are written with | Tones are written with the same diacritics as in our Vietnamese orthography. However, entering tones are written as ngang and huyền. | ||
=== Sample === | |||
=== Sample from ''Truyện Kiều'' ({{angbr|''Drwị̂n Gî̀w''}})=== | |||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
'' | ''Dram nam drawng gõe ngû̀i tha, | ||
'' | ''Djũ thàe djũ mỵing céw là gged njaw. | ||
'' | ''Drảe gwa mồd gŵ̀g ƀể ddyw, | ||
'' | ''Njũng đî̀w drywng týi mà đaw đŷ́n làwng. | ||
'' | ''Lạ jì ƀỉ rhag thu ffawng, | ||
'' | ''Drŷ̀i saing gwen tóe má hỳwng đáing ggen. | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
== Dialectology == | == Dialectology == | ||
Some conservative North-Central dialects in Lõis have [r̥] for /ʂ/ ( | * Some conservative North-Central dialects in Lõis have [r̥] for /ʂ/ ({{angbr|''s''}} in our timeline's Quốc Ngữ); this is a continuation of /Cr/ clusters which are the native sources of /ʂ/. | ||
* Some Southern dialects merge /ʂ/ with /x/ into [x] (these dialects also merge /ɹ/ and /ɣ/). | |||
* Some speakers pronounce /t{{den}}/ as [θ], which is an older pronunciation. | |||