|
|
(451 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| [[Nurian/Lexicon]]
| | '''Nurian''' is a [[Ramanuric languages|Ramanuric]] language (related to [[Thensarian]] and [[Ramanujan]]) spoken in [[Verse:Tricin]]. It's inspired by Italian, Pali, Arabic and Lithuanian. |
| | |
| {{Infobox language
| |
| |image =
| |
| |imagesize =
| |
| |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
| |
| |name = {{PAGENAME}}
| |
| |nativename = ''nūrimēs''
| |
| |pronunciation= /ˈn̪ˠʊ˞ːrʲɪmʲæːs/
| |
| |region = Nūre
| |
| |extinct = 220 v.T.
| |
| |familycolor=PfK
| |
| |fam1= [[Proto-Pfeuno-K'aitian|Pfeuno-K'aitian]]
| |
| |fam2= [[Proto-Quame|Quame]]
| |
| |fam3= [[Talmic languages|Talmic]]
| |
| |fam4= Q-Talmic
| |
| |fam5= Eastern Talmic
| |
| |script={{PAGENAME}} script
| |
| |iso3=qnr
| |
| |notice=IPA
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| '''Nurian''' (''gathvēs nūrimēs'' /ˈgɐθvʲæːs ˈn̪ˠʊ˞rʲɪmʲæːs/) is a [[Talmic languages|Talmic language]] descending from [[Thensarian]], aesthetically inspired by Lithuanian, Arabic, Italian and English. | |
| | |
| ==Introduction==
| |
| Nurian is spoken on the west coast of the continent called ''Kuderau'' by Wiebians. It is easily the most conservative [[Talmic languages|Talmic]] language, though with signficant Meetzarric influences. It is spoken alongside Meetzarric languages, Clofabic languages and New World Reber Wiebian.
| |
| | |
| ==Historical phonology==
| |
| *Cl > Cj > Cʲ (Italian style): pl bl ml fl cl gl ngl chl ghl > pi bi mi fi ci gi ngi chi ghi
| |
| **Exceptions: ''ħl ȝl''; ''nl, rl'' > ''ll''
| |
| *C<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub> > C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub> (similarly to Italian)
| |
| *mlīd - conclusion, end > ''mīd'' /mʲiːdˠ/
| |
| *ar- > aC- (ar- before vowels); as- > s-
| |
| | |
| ==Numbers==
| |
| *1: ''cēma'' /ˈt͡ʃæːmˠɐ/
| |
| *2: ''tithōr'' /tʲɪˈθɔɚ/
| |
| *3: ''narge'' /ˈnˠɑɚd͡ʒɛ/
| |
| *4: ''dhaufe'' /ˈðˠɐʊfʲɛ/
| |
| *5: ''salithe'' /ˈsˠɐlʲɪθˠɛ/
| |
| *6: ''stāma'' /ˈsˠtˠɑːmˠɐ/
| |
| *7: ''rōde'' /ˈrˠoːdʲɛ/
| |
| *8: ''lorethe'' /ɫɔɚˈrʲæθɛ/
| |
| *9: ''farve'' /ˈfˠɑɚvʲɛ/
| |
| *10: ''ħiōr'' /ˈħɔɚ/
| |
| *11: ''cēmara'' /ˈt͡ʃæːmˠɑɚrˠɐ/ (< Themsarian ''cēmiħiore'', influenced by Meetzarri ''emarra'')
| |
| *12: ''pide'' /ˈpʲɪdʲɛ/ (Zutarl pirdi)
| |
| *144: ''tarthe'' /ˈtˠɑɚθɛ/
| |
| *1728: ''ūbyc'' /ˈuːbˠɪ̞k/
| |
| | |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| The Dagȳne Nurian consonant inventory contains around 42 consonants and 12 vowels. A notable feature of the phonology of most Nurian accents is phonemic palatalization in hard-soft pairs, similar to Lithuanian; however, the Fiuschērian dialect or accent is an exception in that the hard-soft distinction is realized as pharyngealization versus lack of pharygealization. All consonants except /ħ ʕ h j/ are members of a hard-soft-pair. /ħ ʕ h j/ color the /a/ vowel as if they were soft, and /ħ ʕ/ tend to lower adjacent vowels.
| |
| ===Dagȳne accent===
| |
| | |
| ====Consonants====
| |
| | |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
| |
| |-
| |
| |+'''Consonant phonemes in Nurian (Dagȳne)'''
| |
| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
| |
| !colspan="2" | Labial
| |
| !colspan="2" | Dental
| |
| !colspan="2" | Alveolar
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Palatal
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Velar
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Radical
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! <small>hard</small>
| |
| ! <small>soft</small>
| |
| ! <small>hard</small>
| |
| ! <small>soft</small>
| |
| ! <small>hard</small>
| |
| ! <small>soft</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2"| Nasal
| |
| | /mˠ/ || /mʲ/
| |
| | /n̪ˠ/ ||
| |
| | || /nʲ/
| |
| | /ɲ~ɲ̄/
| |
| | /ŋ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Stop
| |
| !<small>tenuis</small>
| |
| | /pˠ/ || /pʲ/
| |
| | /t̪ˠ/ ||
| |
| | || /tʲ/
| |
| | /tʃ/
| |
| | /k/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | /bˠ/ || /bʲ/
| |
| | /d̪ˠ/ ||
| |
| | || /dʲ/
| |
| | /dʒ/
| |
| | /ɡ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2"|Fricative
| |
| !<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| | /fˠ/ || /fʲ/
| |
| | /θˠ/ || /θ/
| |
| | /sˠ/ || /sʲ/
| |
| | /ʃ/
| |
| | /x/
| |
| | /ħ/
| |
| | /h/
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | /vˠ/ || /vʲ/
| |
| | /ðˠ/ || /ð/
| |
| | /zˠ/ || /zʲ/
| |
| | /ʒ/
| |
| | /ɣ/
| |
| | /ʕ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2| Trill
| |
| | ||
| |
| | ||
| |
| | /rˠ/ || /rʲ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan=2| Approximant
| |
| !<small>central</small>
| |
| | ||
| |
| | ||
| |
| | ||
| |
| | /j/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>lateral</small>
| |
| | ||
| |
| | /lˠ/ ||
| |
| | || /lʲ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| | |
| ;Notes
| |
| *All hard consonants (especially /lˠ, θˠ, ðˠ/) are velarized.
| |
| *All consonants are labialized before the back vowels /u, uː, ʊ˞ː, o, oː, ɔ˞ː/.
| |
| */tˠ, dˠ, nˠ/ are laminal denti-alveolar [t̪ˠ, d̪ˠ, n̪ˠ].
| |
| */tʲ, dʲ, nʲ/ are laminal alveolar [t̻ʲ<sup>sʲ</sup>, d̻ʲ<sup>zʲ</sup>, n̻ʲ]; as indicated in the transcription, in case of the first two the tongue is raised enough to produce slight frication.
| |
| */θˠ, θ, ðˠ, ð/ are dental spirants [θˠ, θ, ðˠ, ð].
| |
| */sˠ, sʲ, zˠ, zʲ/ are laminal denti-alveolar [s̪ˠ, s̪ʲ, z̪ˠ, z̪ʲ].
| |
| */lˠ/ has been variously described as pharyngealized apical alveolar [l̺ˤ] and velarized laminal denti-alveolar [l̪ˠ].
| |
| */rˠ, rʲ/ are apical alveolar [r̺ˠ, r̺ʲ].
| |
| */lʲ/ is laminal alveolar [l̻ʲ].
| |
| *Before /k, ɡ/, /n/ is realized as velar [ŋ].
| |
| | |
| ====Vowels====
| |
| Nurian shows an unusual vowel system, with rhotic vowels and a relative lack of phonemic front vowels. There is a three-way contrast between short, long and rhotic vowels. There is a considerable degree of allophony in low short and rhotic vowels.
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
| |
| |+ '''Vowel phonemes in Nurian [Accent 1]'''
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style=""|
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="" |Front
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Central
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="" |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotic</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotic</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotic</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | /ɪ~ɪ̞/
| |
| | /iː/
| |
| | /e˞ː/
| |
| |
| |
| | [ɚ]
| |
| | /u/
| |
| | /uː/
| |
| | /ʊ˞ː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Mid
| |
| |rowspan="2"|[ɛ~æ]
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | [ə]
| |
| |
| |
| | /o/
| |
| | /oː/
| |
| | /ɔ˞ː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| | [æː]
| |
| | [æ˞ː]
| |
| | /a/
| |
| | /a˞ː/
| |
| |
| |
| | /aː/
| |
| | [ɑ˞ː]
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| '''Diphthongs:''' /ɐɪ ɐʊ iɛ/
| |
| | |
| *Short /ɪ/ is lowered to [ɪ̞] after hard consonants.
| |
| */e˞ː/ has two allophones:
| |
| **[e˞ː] after soft consonants, radicals and /h/
| |
| **[ɨ˞ː] after non-radical hard consonants
| |
| */a aː a˞ː/ each have three allophones:
| |
| **[ɐ~ɑ ɑː ɑ˞ː] after non-radical hard consonants
| |
| **[ɛ~æ æː ɛ˞ː] after soft consonants and /h/
| |
| *Unstressed rhotic vowels have a tendency to reduce in colloquial speech: /ʲe˞ ʲæ˞/ > [ʲɚ], /ˠɑ˞ ˠe˞/ > [ˠɚ], /ɔ˞ ʊ˞/ > [o˞].
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===Fiuschēra===
| |
| Fiuschēra [fuʃˈʃæːrˁɑ] accent (Arabic-esque)
| |
| *Hard consonants > pharyngealized; soft consonants > plain
| |
| *''o'' and ''ō'' are centralized
| |
| *θˠ ðˠ > fˁ vˁ
| |
| *Non-rhotic
| |
| ====Consonants====
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
| |
| |-
| |
| |+'''Consonant phonemes in Fiuschēra Nurian'''
| |
| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
| |
| !colspan="2" | Labial
| |
| !colspan="2" | Dental
| |
| !colspan="2" | Alveolar
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Palatal
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Postvelar
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Radical
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! <small>hard</small>
| |
| ! <small>soft</small>
| |
| ! <small>hard</small>
| |
| ! <small>soft</small>
| |
| ! <small>hard</small>
| |
| ! <small>soft</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2"| Nasal
| |
| | /mˁ/ || /m/
| |
| | /nˁ/ ||
| |
| | || /n/
| |
| | /ɲ/
| |
| | /ŋ̠/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Stop
| |
| !<small>tenuis</small>
| |
| | /pˁ/ || /p/
| |
| | /tˁ/ ||
| |
| | || /t/
| |
| | /tʃ/
| |
| | /k̠/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | /bˁ/ || /b/
| |
| | /dˁ/ ||
| |
| | || /d/
| |
| | /dʒ/
| |
| | /ɡ̄/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2"|Fricative
| |
| !<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| | /fˁ/ || /f/
| |
| | || /θ/
| |
| | /sˁ/ || /s/
| |
| | /ʃ/
| |
| | /x~χ/
| |
| | /ħ/
| |
| | /h/
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | /vˁ/ ||
| |
| | || /ð/
| |
| | /zˁ/ || /z/
| |
| | /ʒ/
| |
| | /ɣ~ʁ/
| |
| | /ʕ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2| Trill
| |
| | ||
| |
| | ||
| |
| | /rˁ/ || /r/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan=2| Approximant
| |
| !<small>central</small>
| |
| | /wˁ/ || /w/
| |
| | ||
| |
| | ||
| |
| | /j/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>lateral</small>
| |
| | ||
| |
| | ||
| |
| | || l
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Vowels====
| |
| | |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
| |
| |+ '''Vowel phonemes in Fiuschēran Nurian'''
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style=""|
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Front
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Central
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | /ɪ~ɪ̞/
| |
| | /iː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | /ʊ/
| |
| | /uː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Mid
| |
| |rowspan="2"|[ɛ~æ]
| |
| |
| |
| | /ə/
| |
| | /ɵː/
| |
| | [ɤ]
| |
| | [oː]
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| | [æː]
| |
| | /a/
| |
| | /aː/
| |
| | [ɑ]
| |
| | [ɑː]
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| /ɐɪ ɐʊ iə~iɛ iɚ uɚ ɛɚ ɔɚ ɑɚ/ = /ɐj ɐw iə iə uə ɛə~æə əː ɑə/
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===Accent 2===
| |
| Mandarin pseudo-gib
| |
| *ci gi chi ghi = [tʂ dʐ ʂ ʐ]
| |
| *sci = [ʂtʂ]
| |
| *ti di si zi = [tɕ dʑ ɕ ʑ]
| |
| *thi dhi = [ts dz]
| |
| *ni ngi > [ɲ]
| |
| *li > [ʎ]
| |
| *ri > [ʐ]
| |
| | |
| ====Consonants====
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
| |
| |-
| |
| |+'''Consonant phonemes in Standard Nurian [Accent 2]'''
| |
| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
| |
| !colspan="2" | Labial
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Dental
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Alveolar
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Retroflex
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Palatal
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Velar
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Radical
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! <small>hard</small>
| |
| ! <small>soft</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan="2"| Nasal
| |
| | /m/ || /mʲ/
| |
| |colspan="2"|/n/
| |
| |
| |
| | /ɲ/
| |
| | /ŋ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2" | Stop
| |
| !<small>tenuis</small>
| |
| | /p/ || /pʲ/
| |
| | /t/
| |
| | /ts/
| |
| | /tʂ/
| |
| | /tɕ/
| |
| | /k/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | /b/ || /bʲ/
| |
| | /d/
| |
| | /dz/
| |
| | /dʐ/
| |
| | /dʑ/
| |
| | /ɡ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan="2"|Fricative
| |
| !<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| | /f/ || /fʲ/
| |
| | /θ/
| |
| | /s/
| |
| | /ʂ/
| |
| | /ɕ/
| |
| | /x/
| |
| | /ħ/
| |
| | /h/
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | /v/ || /vʲ/
| |
| | /ð/
| |
| | /z/
| |
| | /ʐ/
| |
| | /ʑ/
| |
| | /ɣ/
| |
| | /ʕ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !colspan=2| Trill
| |
| | ||
| |
| |
| |
| | /r/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !rowspan=2| Approximant
| |
| !<small>central</small>
| |
| | ||
| |
| | ||
| |
| |
| |
| | /j/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>lateral</small>
| |
| | ||
| |
| | /l/ ||
| |
| |
| |
| | /ʎ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Vowels====
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
| |
| |+ '''Vowel phonemes in Nurian [Accent 2]'''
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style=""|
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="" |Front
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Central
| |
| ! colspan="3" style="" |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotic</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotic</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
| |
| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>rhotic</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | /ɪ~ɪ̞/
| |
| | /iː/
| |
| | /i˞ː/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | /ʊ/
| |
| | /uː/
| |
| |rowspan="2"| /oː˞/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Mid
| |
| |rowspan="2"|[ɛ~æ]
| |
| |
| |
| | [eː˞]
| |
| | [ə]
| |
| | /ɚː/
| |
| | /ɔ/
| |
| | /oː/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| | [æː]
| |
| |
| |
| | /ɐ/
| |
| | /aː/
| |
| |
| |
| | [ɑː]
| |
| | [ɒː˞]
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Many vowels are centralized after retroflexes: /a aː ɝ i iː ɪɚ/ become [ä äː ɐɚ ɨ ɨː ɘɚ]
| |
| | |
| ===Accent 3===
| |
| Conservative
| |
| *''ci gi chi ghi'' = [c ɟ ç ʝ]
| |
| *''sci'' = [skʲ]
| |
| *''ȝ ħ'' = [q χ]
| |
| | |
| ===Accent 4===
| |
| Scottish Gaelic pseudo-gib
| |
| | |
| ===Stress===
| |
| Nurian stress is derived from a particular pattern of weight-sensitive stress (similar to Arabic) in a dialect of late Thensarian:
| |
| *A short final vowel cannot be stressed.
| |
| *Only one of the last 3 syllables can be stressed.
| |
| *the last heavy syllable is stressed if not the final syllable; if there is a final heavy syllable, the penult is stressed. (e.g. ''burgent'' [ˈbʊɚdʒænt])
| |
| *If no heavy syllables, the 3rd from last is stressed.
| |
| | |
| Stress is marginally phonemic in Nurian, due to the loss of vowel length preceding /r/.
| |
| | |
| ==Orthography==
| |
| ===Consonants===
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 1000px; text-align: center;"
| |
| |-
| |
| |+ '''Consonants'''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|Grapheme
| |
| !''m''!!''p''!!''b''!!''f''!!''v''!!''n''!!''t''!!''d''!!''th''!!''dh''!!''s''!!''z''!!''r''!!''l''!!''ng''!!''c''!!''g''!!''ch''!!''gh''!!''ħ''!!''ȝ''!!''h''!!''j''
| |
| |-
| |
| !Hard
| |
| |/mˠ/||/pˠ/||/bˠ/||/fˠ/||/vˠ/||/nˠ/||/tˠ/||/dˠ/||/θˠ/||/ðˠ/||/sˠ/||/zˠ/||/rˠ/||/ɫ/||/ŋ/||/k/||/ɡ/||/x/||/ɣ/
| |
| |rowspan="2"|/ħ/
| |
| |rowspan="2"|/ʕ/
| |
| |rowspan="2"|/h/
| |
| |rowspan="2"|/j/
| |
| |-
| |
| !Soft
| |
| |/mʲ/||/pʲ/||/bʲ/||/fʲ/||/vʲ/||/nʲ/||/tʲ/||/dʲ/||/θ/||/ð/||/sʲ/||/zʲ/||/rʲ/||/lʲ/||/ɲ/||/t͡ʃ/||/d͡ʒ/||/ʃ/||/ʒ/
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| '''r''' = r-coloring before a consonant or word-finally
| |
| | |
| Velars ('''ng c g ch gh''') remain hard before other consonants. The remaining consonants assimilate in palatalization before other consonants.
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| | |
| {{col-begin}}
| |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| *''a'': hard /a/ [ɐ~ɑ]
| |
| *''ā'': hard /aː/ [ɑː]
| |
| *''ar, ār, air, aur'': hard /a˞/ [ɑ˞]
| |
| *''ai'': hard /aɪ/ [ɐɪ~ɑɪ]
| |
| *''au'': hard /aʊ/ [ɐʊ~ɑʊ]
| |
| *''y'': hard /ɪ/ [ë]
| |
| *''y'': hard /iː/
| |
| *''yr, ȳr'': hard /i˞/ [ɘ˞]
| |
| *''o'': hard /o/
| |
| *''ō'': hard /oː/
| |
| *''or, ōr'': hard /ɔ˞/
| |
| *''u'': hard /u/
| |
| *''ū'': hard /uː/
| |
| *''ur, ūr'': hard /ʊ˞/
| |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| *''ia, e'': soft /a/ [ɛ]
| |
| *''iā, ē'': soft /aː/ [æː]
| |
| *''iar, er, iār, ēr, iair, iaur'': soft /aɚ/ [æ˞]
| |
| *''iai'': soft /aɪ/ [ɛɪ]
| |
| *''iau'': soft /aʊ/ [ɛʊ]
| |
| *''i'': soft /ɪ/
| |
| *''ī'': soft /iː/
| |
| *''ir, īr, ier'': soft /i˞/ [e˞]
| |
| *''io'': soft /o/
| |
| *''iō'': soft /oː/
| |
| *''ior, iōr'': soft /ɔ˞/
| |
| *''iu'': soft /u/
| |
| *''iū'': soft /uː/
| |
| *''iur, iūr'': soft /ʊ˞/
| |
| *''ie'': soft /iə/
| |
| {{col-end}}
| |
| | |
| ==Grammar==
| |
| Somewhat unusually, Nurian is verb-final with prepositions and modifier-modified order.
| |
| ===Nouns===
| |
| Sgv-clv-plv system.
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Talmic languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
| |