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Tłkaw: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|image = | |image = | ||
|imagesize = | |imagesize = | ||
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL | |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | ||
|name = | |name = Tłkaw | ||
|nativename = | |nativename = | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation= | ||
|setting = [[Verse: | |setting = [[Verse:Hmøøh]] | ||
|region = East Talma | |region = East Talma | ||
|speakers= 6 million | |speakers= 6 million | ||
| Line 12: | Line 13: | ||
|familycolor= Lakovic | |familycolor= Lakovic | ||
|fam1=[[Lakovic]] | |fam1=[[Lakovic]] | ||
|script= | |script=ǃTłkaw script | ||
|iso3= | |iso3= | ||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''dgē Tłkaw'' /ŋ{{tiebar}}!ɜː kǁaw/; ''dgē'' is related to Naeng ''tnger'' 'voice') is a Lakovic language spoken by the Tłkaw people in Eastern Talma. It's inspired by Hebrew, Nama, Zulu, and !Xóõ. It's in a sprachbund with [[Yacavestub]] and [[Wiobian]]. | ||
!xu||xam!xai | !xu||xam!xai | ||
The demonnym ''Tłkaw'' comes from PLak *lakof 'human'. | |||
Clickhmoob relative? | |||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
| Line 27: | Line 32: | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | |||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants''' | |||
! colspan="2"| | |||
! | Labial | |||
! | Alveolar | |||
! | Lateral | |||
! | Palatal | |||
! | Velar | |||
! | Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Click | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| colspan="6"| '''pk''' /kʘ/, '''tk''' /k!/, '''tsk''' /kǀ/, '''tłk''' /kǁ/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
| colspan="6"| '''bg''' /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, '''dg''' /ŋ!~ɡ!/, '''dsg''' /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, '''dłg''' /ŋǁ~ɡǁ/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| '''n''' /n/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''{{ng}}''' /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |Plosive | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''p''' /p/ | |||
| '''t''' /t/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''k''' /k/ | |||
| /ʔ-/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''b''' /b/ | |||
| '''d''' /d/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /ɡ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>implosive</small> | |||
| '''qb''' /ɓ/ | |||
| '''qd''' /ɗ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''qg''' /ɠ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Fricative | |||
| | |||
| '''s''' /s/, '''z''' /z/ | |||
| '''ł''' | |||
| '''š''' /ʃ/, '''ž''' /{{ž}}/ | |||
| '''x''' /x/ | |||
| '''h''' /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Affricate | |||
| | |||
| '''ts''' /ts/ | |||
| '''tł''' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Resonant | |||
| '''w''' /w/ | |||
| '''r''' /ɾ/ | |||
| '''l''' /l/ | |||
| '''y''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
a e i o u + diphthongs | a e i o u + diphthongs (PLak a and ā merge by default, except āy > ay, ay > ey) | ||
e i cemtralize after ! | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
| Line 40: | Line 120: | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Should be Hebrew in ways Windermere is not; gender and number agreement on adjectives and verbs | |||
Inflectional morphology: | Inflectional morphology: | ||
* | === Nouns === | ||
* | * construct state | ||
* Present tense bi- (from the agentive) | * Animate nouns form plurals by partial redup | ||
=== Verbs === | |||
* Present tense bi- (from the agentive) | |||
* Past: r infix participle | * Past: r infix participle | ||
* Future and imperative: unmarked form | * Future and imperative: unmarked form | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
more head-final than Naeng | |||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
| Line 59: | Line 143: | ||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
==Poetry== | ==Poetry== | ||
Tłkaw should have Welsh style cynghanedd | |||
where there are rules on which syllables have clicks in a poem | where there are rules on which syllables have clicks in a poem | ||