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Proto-Ash (view source)

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===Nouns===
===Nouns===


Nouns were inflected for grammatical case through suffixes derived from adpositions in PAI. For example the locative or relational {{ash|*-n}} appears to be derived from the same PAI {{ash|*ant}} as Ish's modern {{ash|/at/}}, but whereas it became prepositional in Ish, it became postpositional and eventually a suffix in Proto-Ash.
Nouns were inflected for grammatical case inherited from PAI. Reconstructed case forms of {{ash|*majk}} "fire":
 
Reconstructed case forms of {{ash|*majk}} "fire":


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Serial verb constructions with reduplication of {{ash|*qa:}} seem to have developed in transitive phrases. The main verb phrase was preceded by the auxiliary phrase, the latter eventually becoming the various agency-marking prefixes in modern Ash. The auxiliary held the pronominal morphology in the form of suffixes or clitics, a feature which appears to date back to an earlier stage of the language, as the trend going into modern Ash was to put verbs after rather than before nominals.
Verb constructions with an auxiliary in transitive phrases was inherited from PAI. The main verb phrase was preceded by the auxiliary phrase, the latter eventually becoming the various agency-marking prefixes in modern Ash.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! colspan="2" | Ash
! colspan="2" | Ash
|-
|-
| {{ash|*qa-qa mik-a{{=}}qa:}}
| {{ash|*qak{{=}}mik-a{{=}}qa:}}
| "applies fire to another"
| "applies fire"
| → {{ash|ảdnahga}}
| → {{ash|ảdnahga}}
| "burns it, scorches it"
| "burns it, scorches it"
|-
|-
| {{ash|*qa-ta mik-a{{=}}qa:}}
| {{ash|*qat{{=}}mik-a:{{=}}qa:}}
| "applies fire to oneself"
| "applies to fire"
| → {{ash|ảsnahga}}
| → {{ash|ảsnahga}}
| "is burned, is scorched"
| "is burned, is scorched"
|-
|-
| {{ash|*qa-ja/-wa mik-a{{=}}qa:}}
| {{ash|*qaq{{=}}ja/wa mik-a:{{=}}qa:}}
| "applies fire to this/that one"
| "applies this/that one to fire"
| → {{ash|ảyınahga}}
| → {{ash|ảyınahga}}
| "burns oneself, scorches oneself"
| "burns oneself, scorches oneself"
|}
|}
The exact forms of these suffixes are very tentative as they would become quite reduced. They might have had any vowel, or none at all. The suffix {{ash|*-ta}} is probably also related to modern Ash's speaker's involvement marker {{ash|-s}} and {{ash|*-ja/-wa}} are quite clearly the same demonstratives as elsewhere.


==Developments==
==Developments==
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! (Modern) Ash
! (Modern) Ash
|-
|-
| {{ash|*mik-a{{=}}qa:}}
| {{ash|*mik-a(:){{=}}qa:}}
| → {{ash|*nʲì.ga.ʔá}}
| → {{ash|*nʲì.ga.ʔá}}
| → {{ash|*nək.ʔá}}, {{ash|nəʔ.ká}}
| → {{ash|*nək.ʔá}}, {{ash|nəʔ.ká}}
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