Linguifex

Proto-Ash: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Proto-Ash (view source)

Revision as of 16:23, 4 August 2023

503 bytes removed ,  4 August 2023
m
→‎Verbs
 
(10 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 47: Line 47:
Note:
Note:


* The "laryngeal" *q may have been a uvular plosive */q/, a glottal stop */ʔ/, a pharyngeal, or something else. In modern Ash it allophonically varies between [ɦ~ʔ~ħ].
* The "laryngeal" {{ash|*q}} may have been a uvular plosive {{IPA|*/q/}}, a glottal stop {{IPA|*/ʔ/}}, a pharyngeal, or something else. In modern Ash it allophonically varies between {{IPA|[ʔ~ɦ~ħ]}}.
* The nasals were likely poststopped or prestopped as they are in modern Ash and because they appear to derive at least in part from */NP/ clusters or prenasalised stops in PAI.
* The nasals were likely poststopped or prestopped as they are in modern Ash and because they appear to derive at least in part from {{IPA|*/NP/}} clusters or prenasalised stops in PAI.
* The bilabial stop *p was likely derived from */kɰ/ clusters or labialised */k/ in PAI, as Ish seems to preserve this more conservative configuration.
* The bilabial plosive {{ash|*p}} was likely derived from {{IPA|*/kɰ/}} clusters or labialised {{IPA|*/k/}} in PAI, as Ish seems to preserve this more conservative configuration.
* Likewise the bilabial nasal {{ash|*m}} would have come from simultaneously prenasalised and labialised {{IPA|*/nPw~ⁿPʷ/}} clusters or phonemes.


Additionally the approximants might be viewed as allophones of the corresponding vowels:
Additionally the approximants might be viewed as allophones of the corresponding vowels:
Line 62: Line 63:
| {{ash|*j~i}}
| {{ash|*j~i}}
|}
|}
Clusters of a glide followed or preceded by a regular vowel were allowed, as were any {{IPA|*/CC/}} clusters.


Proto-Ash does not appear to have had any particular form of stress but later in the development of Ash stress would shift to the last heavy syllable of a phonetic word, resulting in various reductions and elisions of unstressed vowels.
Proto-Ash does not appear to have had any particular form of stress but later in the development of Ash stress would shift to the last heavy syllable of a phonetic word, resulting in various reductions and elisions of unstressed vowels.
Line 71: Line 74:
===Nouns===
===Nouns===


Nouns were inflected for grammatical case through suffixes derived from adpositions in PAI. For example the locative or relational *-n appears to be derived from the same PAI *ant as Ish's modern /at/, but whereas it became prepositional in Ish, it became postpositional and eventually a suffix in Proto-Ash.
Nouns were inflected for grammatical case inherited from PAI. Reconstructed case forms of {{ash|*majk}} "fire":
 
Reconstructed case forms of {{ash|*majk}} "fire":


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 122: Line 123:
|}
|}


Serial verb constructions with reduplication of {{ash|*qa:}} seem to have developed in transitive phrases. The main verb phrase was preceded by the auxiliary phrase, the latter eventually becoming the various agency-marking prefixes in modern Ash. The auxiliary held the pronominal morphology in the form of suffixes or clitics, a feature which appears to date back to an earlier stage of the language, as the trend going into modern Ash was to put verbs after rather than before nominals.
Verb constructions with an auxiliary in transitive phrases was inherited from PAI. The main verb phrase was preceded by the auxiliary phrase, the latter eventually becoming the various agency-marking prefixes in modern Ash.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 128: Line 129:
! colspan="2" | Ash
! colspan="2" | Ash
|-
|-
| {{ash|*qa-qa mik-a{{=}}qa:}}
| {{ash|*qak{{=}}mik-a{{=}}qa:}}
| "applies fire to another"
| "applies fire"
| → {{ash|ảdnahga}}
| → {{ash|ảdnahga}}
| "burns it, scorches it"
| "burns it, scorches it"
|-
|-
| {{ash|*qa-ta mik-a{{=}}qa:}}
| {{ash|*qat{{=}}mik-a:{{=}}qa:}}
| "applies fire to oneself"
| "applies to fire"
| → {{ash|ảsnahga}}
| → {{ash|ảsnahga}}
| "is burned, is scorched"
| "is burned, is scorched"
|-
|-
| {{ash|*qa-ja/-wa mik-a{{=}}qa:}}
| {{ash|*qaq{{=}}ja/wa mik-a:{{=}}qa:}}
| "applies fire to this/that one"
| "applies this/that one to fire"
| → {{ash|ảyınahga}}
| → {{ash|ảyınahga}}
| "burns oneself, scorches oneself"
| "burns oneself, scorches oneself"
|}
|}
The exact forms of these suffixes are very tentative as they would become quite reduced. They might have had any vowel, or none at all. The suffix {{ash|*-ta}} is probably also related to modern Ash's speaker's involvement marker {{ash|-s}} and {{ash|*-wa/-ya}} are quite clearly the same demonstratives as elsewhere.


==Developments==
==Developments==


Soon after this period of the language, Ash would have started to develop a greater focus on verbs than on nouns. Verbs developed more morphology from auxiliaries and the like while the already phonetically similar case endings collapsed, although remnants can be seen in modern cognates with additional suffixes.
Soon after this period of the language, Ash would have started to develop a greater focus on verbs than on nouns. Verbs developed more morphology from auxiliaries and the like while the already phonetically similar case endings of nouns collapsed, although remnants can be seen in modern cognates with additional suffixes.


===Phonology===
===Phonology===
Line 209: Line 208:
! (Modern) Ash
! (Modern) Ash
|-
|-
| {{ash|*mik-a{{=}}qa:}}
| {{ash|*mik-a(:){{=}}qa:}}
| → {{ash|*nʲì.ga.ʔá}}
| → {{ash|*nʲì.ga.ʔá}}
| → {{ash|*nək.ʔá}}, {{ash|nəʔ.ká}}
| → {{ash|*nək.ʔá}}, {{ash|nəʔ.ká}}
Prinsessa
1,088

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/321376...321391"