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単亜語/Anthropology: Difference between revisions

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単亜語/Anthropology (view source)

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Dan'a'yo returns a shared world of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere]]. The ancient [[w:Imperial examination]] ({{Ruby|科挙|ㄎワㄍヨ}}) created a common experience across the region. Everyone read the same [[w:Chinese classics]] and learned the same law codes.  Peoples from various language families were nevertheless united and could communicate.  With the advent of the internet and Unicode, there is an avenue for peaceful interaction, a reunification of shared cultural and linguistic norms. By taking [[w:Classical Chinese]] and updating it, Dan'a'yo can serve as a bridge for those who have drifted apart.
Dan'a'yo returns a shared world of the [[w:East Asian cultural sphere]]. The ancient [[w:Imperial examination]] ({{Ruby|科挙|<big>콰교</big>}}) created a common experience across the region. Everyone read the same [[w:Chinese classics]] and learned the same law codes.  Peoples from various language families were nevertheless united and could communicate.  With the advent of the internet and Unicode, there is an avenue for peaceful interaction, a reunification of shared cultural and linguistic norms. By taking [[w:Classical Chinese]] and updating it, Dan'a'yo can serve as a bridge for those who have drifted apart.
 


== WALS ==
== WALS ==
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=== Proto ===
=== Proto ===
There is no proto-language which all our source languages are supposedly descended from.  Our ancient form is Classical Chinese, which is well-known and actually exists in documented form.
There is no proto-language which all our source languages are supposedly descended from.  Our ancient form is Classical Chinese, which is well-known and actually exists in documented form.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|+ Correspondences of initial consonants
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |  Middle Chinese
! rowspan="2" | Sino-Vietnamese
! rowspan="2" | Sino-Korean
! colspan="3" | Sino-Japanese
! rowspan="2" | Mandarin
! rowspan="2" | Cantonese
! rowspan="2" | {{PAGENAME}}
|-
! Go-on !! Kan-on !! Tōsō-on
|-
! rowspan="4" | Labials
| 幫 p || p > b || rowspan="3" | p/pʰ || rowspan="2" | ɸ > h || rowspan="3" | ɸ > h || rowspan="3" | ɸ > h
| p/f || p/f
! rowspan="3" | p
|-
| 滂 pʰ || pʰ
| pʰ/f || pʰ/f
|-
| 並 b || b
| b > b/ph/v
| pʰ/p/f || pʰ/p/f
|-
| 明 m || m > m/v || m || m || b<ref>Yields ''m-'' in syllables ending in original ''-ng''.</ref> || m
| m/w || m
! m
|-
! rowspan="5" | Dentals
| 端 t || t > đ || rowspan="3" | t/tʰ || rowspan="2" | t || rowspan="3" | t || rowspan="3" | t
| t || t
! rowspan="3" | t
|-
| 透 tʰ || tʰ > th
| tʰ || tʰ
|-
| 定 d || d > đ || d
| tʰ/d || tʰ/d
|-
| 泥 n || n || n || n || d<ref>Yields ''n-'' in syllables ending in original ''-ng''</ref> || n
| n || n~l
! n
|-
| 來 l || l || l || r || r || r
| l || l
! l
|-
! Retroflex nasal
| 娘 ɳ
| n || n~ø || n  || d ||
| n || n~l
! ny
|-
! rowspan="3" | Retroflex stops
| 知 ʈ || ʈ > tr || rowspan="6" | tʰ/tɕ/tɕʰ || rowspan="2" | t || rowspan="3" | t || rowspan="17" | s
| tʂ || ts
! rowspan="3" | t
|-
| 徹 ʈʰ || ʂ > s
| tʂʰ || tsʰ
|-
| 澄 ɖ || ɖ > tr || d
| tʂʰ, tʂ || tsʰ, ts
|-
! rowspan="6" | Dental sibilants
| 精 ts || s > t || rowspan="2" | s || rowspan="14" | s
| ts, tɕ || ts
! rowspan="3" | j
|-
| 清 tsʰ || ɕ > th
| tsʰ, tɕʰ || tsʰ
|-
| 從 dz || rowspan="3" | s > t || z
| tsʰ, tɕʰ, ts, tɕ || tsʰ, ts
|-
| 心 s || rowspan="3" | s || s
| s || s
! rowspan="2" | s
|-
| 邪 z || z
| tsʰ, ts || z, ʑ
|-
| 俟 ʐ
| s || z
| tʂʰ, s || tsʰ, ts
! sy
|-
! rowspan="4" | Retroflex sibilants
| 莊 tʂ || ʈ > tr || rowspan="3" | tɕ/tɕʰ || rowspan="2" | s
| tʂ, ts || ts
! rowspan="3" | j
|-
| 初 tʂʰ || rowspan="3" | ʂ > s
| tʂʰ, tsʰ || tsʰ
|-
| 崇 dʐ || z
| tʂʰ, tsʰ, tʂ, ʂ || tsʰ, ts, s
|-
| 生 ʂ || s || rowspan="3" | s
| ʂ, s || s
! sy
|-
! rowspan="7" | Palatals
| 章 tɕ || c > ch || rowspan="2" | tɕ/tɕʰ
| tʂ || ts
! rowspan="3" | j
|-
| 昌 tɕʰ || tʃ > x
| tʂʰ || tsʰ
|-
| 禪 dʑ || rowspan="3" | ɕ > th || rowspan="3" | s || z
| tʂʰ, ʂ || tsʰ, ts, s
|-
| 書 ɕ || s || ʂ || s
! rowspan="2" | sy
|-
| 船 ʑ || z || s ||
| tʂʰ, ʂ || s
|-
| 日 ny || ɲ > nh || z > ∅ || n || z || z || ɻ, ʔ || j
! ny
|-
| 以 j
| d || ø || j || j ||
| j, w~ʋ || j, w
! y
|-
! rowspan="4" | Velars
| 見 k || k > c/g || rowspan="2" | k/h || rowspan="2" | k || rowspan="3" | k || rowspan="3" | k
| k, tɕ || k, kʷ
! rowspan="3" | k
|-
| 溪 kʰ || kʰ > kh
| kʰ, tɕʰ || h, f, kʰ, kʰʷ
|-
| 群 g || ɡ > c || k || rowspan="2" | g
| kʰ, tɕʰ, k, tɕ || kʰ, kʰʷ, k, kʷ
|-
| 疑 ŋ || ŋ > ng || h || g || g
| ʔ~ɰ, j, w~ʋ, n || ŋ, ʔ, j
! rowspan="2" | ø
|-
! rowspan="4" | Laryngeals
| 影 ʔ || ʔ > y || ∅ || ∅ || ∅ || rowspan="3" | ∅
| ʔ, j, w~ʋ || ʔ, j, w
|-
| 曉 h || rowspan="2" | h || rowspan="2" | h || k || rowspan="2" | k
| x, ɕ || h, f, j
! rowspan="2" | h
|-
| 匣 ɦ || ɣ > g/w
| x, ɕ || h, w
|-
| 云 ɦj
| v, h || ø || j || j ||
| j, w~ʋ ||  j, w
! ø
|}


== Phonologies ==
== Phonologies ==
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Chinese characters have roughly stayed the same for 1,000 years, but some changes have crept in.  The most overreaching is the Simplified characters of mainland China, which are utterly dependent upon Mandarin pronunciation and incompatible with the region as a whole.  Korean uses ancient versions, which are sometimes grossly out of date and far more obtuse than what others write.  A strong, compromise position is to use Japanese Shinjitai, which has mild updates and simplifications to some characters.
Chinese characters have roughly stayed the same for 1,000 years, but some changes have crept in.  The most overreaching is the Simplified characters of mainland China, which are utterly dependent upon Mandarin pronunciation and incompatible with the region as a whole.  Korean uses ancient versions, which are sometimes grossly out of date and far more obtuse than what others write.  A strong, compromise position is to use Japanese Shinjitai, which has mild updates and simplifications to some characters.


A phonetic alphabet is hard to agree upon.  Japanese hiragana and katakana are no capable of indicating precise coda consonants.  Korean Hangul is generally well-suited, but would require two extra characters to show diphthongs not in Korean.  Bopomofo is best because it already has a strong infrastructure and a system in place for writing foreign words with the needed sounds.
A phonetic alphabet is hard to agree upon.  Japanese hiragana and katakana are no capable of indicating precise coda consonants.   
Bopomofo is a decent phonographic system, however it is not well-known.  Extended-Bopomofo is even less so, and would have to use many rare characters.
Korean Hangul is generally well-suited.  However, find /u/ is not supported, and must be accomplished by a work-around at present.


== Prolegomena ==
== Prolegomena ==
Aquatiki
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