Old Ynju

Old Ynju
Yndu
"Yndu" in Old Tenghino-Mittaalic script
Created by	Chuvachok1234
Language family	Mittaali Ynju-Wenth Old Ynju

"Yndu" in Middle Tenghino-Mittaalic script

Old Ynju (also called Old Mitaal) is a language from Mittaali language family, which is an ancestor of two languages: Ynju and Mitaal

Phonology

Consonants

Old Ynju Had usual inventory for an Mittaali language, featuring only 17 phonemic consonants.

Consonant phonemes

	Labial	Dental	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m	n
Stop	p pː (b)	t tː (d)	tʃ	k kː (g)
Fricative	f	s	ʃ	x
Trill		r
Approximant	w	l	j

Vowels

Old Ynju had 8 vowels, not unlike Ynju and Mitaal. 7 can occur either short or long and 8th vowel, /ø/ could only be long

Vowel phonemes

	Front	Back
Close	i iː y yː	u uː
Mid	e eː øː	o oː
Open	a aː

Development from Proto-Ynju-Wenth

Old Ynju features palatalisation of sequences *tj, *kj and *sj to t͡ʃ and ʃ. Proto-Ynju-Wenth stops *p *t *k lenited to [b], [d] and [g] intervocalicly, with [b] and [g] leniting to [w] and [j] respectivly when they are near a sonorant, which isn't written in Old Mittaalo-Tenghinic Script. In Ynju b d and g lenited further into [β], [j] and [h]. Geminated stops are retained in Ynju but became degeminated in Mitaal, making voicing phonemic. PYW *ʂ became ʃ everywhere. Sequences of a semivowel + vowel and vowel + semivowel monophtongised:

Proto-Ynju-Wenth	Old Ynju	Envoirement
aj	eː	_{C, #}
ja	e	{C, #}_
aw	oː	_{C, #}
wa	o	{C, #}_
iw, uj	yː	_{C, #}
wi, ju	y	{C, #}_
ajwa, awja, ajwi, awju, ujwa, iwja	øː	Any
iwju, ujwi	yː	Any

Romanisation

[ø] is oe, [y] is y, long vowels are doubled, [t͡ʃ] and [ʃ] are c and sh

Grammar

Old Ynju is an very regular, SVO head-initial, agglutinative language, much like other Mittaali languages. Nouns follow Nominative-Accusative alignment and verbs are conjugated for mood, voice, tense and aspect.

Nouns

Nouns have following cases:
Nominative: no marking
Accutative: -but
Locative: -gul
Dative: -wa
Lative: -lak
Instrumental: -lyy
Comitative: -sfi
Genetive: -ca
Plural is formed by adding -kus after case suffix. Nominalisation is by adding suffix -li with lengthening of a vowel.

Verbs

Verbs are conjugated for mood, voice, tense and aspect (in this order). Old Ynju, like other Mittaali languages lacks infinitive. Imperative is formed by reduplicating the verb. Conditional by adding -gu, which also modifies certain vowel before it:

Before	After
a < *a	u
o < *wa	wu
i < *i	a
e < ja	y
y < wi	o
øː < iwja	yː
øː < ajwa	eːwu
øː < ujwa	yːwu
yː < ujwi	øː

Passive voice is formed by adding -mri, Middle voice by adding -gut. Following tense suffixes are reconstructed:
Present tense is unmarked
Past: -lja
Future: -cu
Perfective aspect is unmarked, while Imperfective is marked with -fsa. Habitual is formed by suffix -mu with lengthening of a vowel.