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Liðakuin phonology: Difference between revisions
→Consonants
(Created page with "This article describes the phonology of Liðakuin. ==Dialectal variation== {{main|Dialects of Liðakuin}} Liðakuin is the official language of the Fenril Federation, a very large country of North (and South) Gomensai. As a result, there are a great many dialects. The standard dialect is known as Limban, and will be the primary dialect under discussion for the rest of this article. ==Consonants== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Consonant phones...") |
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Additionally, most of the palatal phones occur as a result of palatalization - in Limban Liðakuin, a /i j/ turns preceding [n t d k g x ɣ s z ts dz l] into [ɲ tɕ dʑ c ɟ ç ç ɕ ʑ tɕ dʑ ʎ]. However, not all of the latter group of phones can be considered nonphonemic by this rule - specifically, [ç ɕ ʑ tɕ dʑ] occur in environments where an inserted /j/ does not otherwise occur in Liðakuin, and [ç] in particular is written one of three ways in the native script, one of which corresponds nicely to /xj/ and another to /ɣj/, as both only occur following back vowels (the environments where /j/ is allowed after other phonemes), but one method cannot correspond to either /xj/ or /ɣj/. | Additionally, most of the palatal phones occur as a result of palatalization - in Limban Liðakuin, a /i j/ turns preceding [n t d k g x ɣ s z ts dz l] into [ɲ tɕ dʑ c ɟ ç ç ɕ ʑ tɕ dʑ ʎ]. However, not all of the latter group of phones can be considered nonphonemic by this rule - specifically, [ç ɕ ʑ tɕ dʑ] occur in environments where an inserted /j/ does not otherwise occur in Liðakuin, and [ç] in particular is written one of three ways in the native script, one of which corresponds nicely to /xj/ and another to /ɣj/, as both only occur following back vowels (the environments where /j/ is allowed after other phonemes), but one method cannot correspond to either /xj/ or /ɣj/. | ||
This method of using orthography to help inform phonology can also be used to absorb certain clusters, specifically the pre-aspirated plosives [hp ht hc hk] (also written as a single consonant with a diacritic, [ʰp ʰt ʰc ʰk]) and the lateral affricate [tɬ]. These are always written as if they were [pp tt cc kk ɬɬ], rather than writing them like they were [xp xt xc xk tɬ] in a similar vein to /ɬ ç r̥/, and since all fricatives can also be geminated, these are generally considered to be equivalent. This is another reason why the aspirated plosives are the ones considered non-phonemic, as otherwise the aspirated plosives would lose their post-aspiration to become pre-aspiration, which seems less parsimonious than an originally unaspirated voiceless plosive gaining either pre-aspiration or post-aspiration depending on the environment. | This method of using orthography to help inform phonology can also be used to absorb certain clusters, specifically the pre-aspirated plosives [hp ht hc hk] (also written as a single consonant with a diacritic, [ʰp ʰt ʰc ʰk]) and the lateral affricate [tɬ]. These are always written as if they were [pp tt cc kk ɬɬ], rather than writing them like they were [xp xt xc xk tɬ] in a similar vein to /ɬ ç r̥/, and since all voiced plosives and all fricatives can also be geminated, these are generally considered to be equivalent. This is another reason why the aspirated plosives are the ones considered non-phonemic, as otherwise the aspirated plosives would lose their post-aspiration to become pre-aspiration, which seems less parsimonious than an originally unaspirated voiceless plosive gaining either pre-aspiration or post-aspiration depending on the environment. | ||
In Limban Liðakuin, the velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ] is only found in the coda of syllables, especially when the preceding vowel is front, and the labiovelar approximant [w] is only found after another consonant. Both are therefore in complementary distribution with [l ʋ] respectively. This completes the final phonemic consonant table for Liðakuin: | In Limban Liðakuin, the velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ] is only found in the coda of syllables, especially when the preceding vowel is front, and the labiovelar approximant [w] is only found after another consonant. Both are therefore in complementary distribution with [l ʋ] respectively. This completes the final phonemic consonant table for Liðakuin: | ||
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| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Vowels== | ==Vowels== | ||
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| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] | ||
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] uɥ | | style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] uɥ | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]] | ||
| style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[[w:Close back unrounded vowel|ɯ]]] | ||
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | | style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] | | style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] | ||
| style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-left: 0;" | [[[w:Close-mid central rounded vowel|ɵ̞]]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ow]] [o] | | style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|ow]] [o] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Diphthongs | ! Diphthongs | ||
| colspan="6" | ju jo jɔ ja ɵj [ | | colspan="6" | ju jo jɔ ja ɵj [aŏ ɛŏ eŏ iŏ] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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Stress is unpredictable in Liðakuin. It usually falls on "long" vowels, specifically one of /æ aj e o i uy/, but can fall on any vowel. | Stress is unpredictable in Liðakuin. It usually falls on "long" vowels, specifically one of /æ aj e o i uy/, but can fall on any vowel. | ||
Liðakuin speakers also tend to reduce the vowels /a i y u uɥ ei ou/ to [ɐ ɪ ʏ ʊ ʉ ɛ e ɔ o] when unstressed. This results in /e ɛ/ and /o ɔ/ to be merged in unstressed position. | Liðakuin speakers also tend to reduce some or all of the vowels /a i y u uɥ e ei o ou/ to [ɐ ɪ ʏ ʊ ʉ ɛ e ɔ o] when unstressed. This results in /e ɛ/ and /o ɔ/ to be merged in unstressed position. For more details, see [[Dialects of Liðakuin]]. | ||
==Phonotactics== | ==Phonotactics== | ||
The maximal syllable structure in Liðakuin is CCVCC. Liðakuin generally abhors hiatus that does not occur at word boundaries - that is, within the same word, two vowels are not allowed to touch, and compounded words or affixed words that would result in two vowels touching frequently have a consonant inserted between them, such as a sonorant or the otherwise non-phonemic glottal stop. This inserted consonant is epenthetic and is rarely written orthographically, and is also one of the key differences between different dialects of Liðakuin. | The maximal syllable structure in Liðakuin is CCVCC. Liðakuin generally abhors hiatus that does not occur at word boundaries - that is, within the same word, two vowels are not allowed to touch, and compounded words or affixed words that would result in two vowels touching frequently have a consonant inserted between them, such as a sonorant or the otherwise non-phonemic glottal stop. This inserted consonant is epenthetic and is rarely written orthographically, and is also one of the key differences between different dialects of Liðakuin. | ||