Ilithian/Proto-Sebatic: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
!
!
! colspan=3| ''vṛkəx'' (m.) = wolf
! colspan=3| {{recon|vṛkəx}} (m.) = wolf
! colspan=3| ''laušnā'' (f.) = moon, month
! colspan=3| {{recon|laušnā}} (f.) = moon
! colspan=3| ''dōrą'' (n.) = gift
! colspan=3| {{recon|dōrą}} (n.) = gift
|-
|-
!
!
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!plural
!plural
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right" |'''Nominative'''
|''vṛkəx''||''vṛkō''||''vṛkai''
|{{recon|vṛkəx}}||{{recon|vṛkō}}||{{recon|vṛkai}}
|''laušnā''||''laušnāi''||''laušnax''
|{{recon|laušnā}}||{{recon|laušnāi}}||{{recon|laušnax}}
|''dōrą''||''dōrai'' || ''dōrā''
|{{recon|dōrą}}||{{recon|dōrai}} || {{recon|dōrā}}
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right" |'''Genitive'''
|''vṛkašə''|| ''vṛkajau'' ||''vṛkǭ''
|{{recon|vṛkašə}}|| {{recon|vṛkajau}} ||{{recon|vṛkǭ}}
|''laušnāx''|| ''laušnājau'' ||''laušnǭ''
|{{recon|laušnāx}}|| {{recon|laušnājau}} ||{{recon|laušnǭ}}
|''dōrašə''|| ''dōrajau'' ||''dōrǭ''
|{{recon|dōrašə}}|| {{recon|dōrajau}} ||{{recon|dōrǭ}}
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''vṛkəi'' ||''vṛkabʰą̄'' ||''vṛkabʰəx''
|{{recon|vṛkəi}} ||{{recon|vṛkabʰą̄}} ||{{recon|vṛkabʰəx}}
|''laušnāi'' ||''laušnābʰą̄'' ||''laušnābʰəx''
|{{recon|laušnāi}} ||{{recon|laušnābʰą̄}} ||{{recon|laušnābʰəx}}
|''dōrəi'' ||''dōrabʰą̄'' ||''dōrabʰəx''
|{{recon|dōrəi}} ||{{recon|dōrabʰą̄}} ||{{recon|dōrabʰəx}}
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right" |'''Accusative'''
|''vṛką'' ||''vṛkō''||''vṛkǭx''
|{{recon|vṛką}} ||{{recon|vṛkō}} ||{{recon|vṛkǭx}}
|''laušną̄''||''laušnāi'' ||''laušną­̄x''
|{{recon|laušną̄}}||{{recon|laušnāi}} ||{{recon|laušną­̄x}}
|''dōrą''||''dōrai'' ||''dōrā''
|{{recon|dōrą}}||{{recon|dōrai}} ||{{recon|dōrā}}
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|align="right" |'''Ablative'''
|''vṛkāx'' ||''vṛkabʰą̄''  ||''vṛkabʰəx''
|{{recon|vṛkāx}} ||{{recon|vṛkabʰą̄}} ||{{recon|vṛkabʰəx}}
|''laušnāx'' ||''laušnābʰą̄'' ||''laušnābʰəx''
|{{recon|laušnāx}} ||{{recon|laušnābʰą̄}} ||{{recon|laušnābʰəx}}
|''dōrāx'' ||''dōrabʰą̄'' ||''dōrabʰəx''
|{{recon|dōrāx}} ||{{recon|dōrabʰą̄}} ||{{recon|dōrabʰəx}}
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right" |'''Instrumental'''
|''vṛkō''* ||''vṛkabʰį̄''  ||''vṛkaix''
|{{recon|vṛkō}}* ||{{recon|vṛkabʰį̄}} ||{{recon|vṛkaix}}
|''laušnajā'' ||''laušnābʰį̄'' ||''laušnābʰix''
|{{recon|laušnajā}} ||{{recon|laušnābʰį̄}} ||{{recon|laušnābʰix}}
|''dōrō''* || ''dōrabʰį̄'' ||''dōraix''
|{{recon|dōrō}}* || {{recon|dōrabʰį̄}} ||{{recon|dōraix}}
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''vṛkai'' || ''vṛkajau'' ||''vṛkaišu''
|{{recon|vṛkai}} || {{recon|vṛkajau}} ||{{recon|vṛkaišu}}
|''laušnāi''||''laušnājau''  ||''laušnāšu''
|{{recon|laušnāi}} ||{{recon|laušnājau}} ||{{recon|laušnāšu}}
|''dōrai'' || ''dōrajau'' ||''dōraišu''
|{{recon|dōrai}} || {{recon|dōrajau}} ||{{recon|dōraišu}}
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''vṛče!'' ||''vṛkō!''  ||''vṛkai!''
|{{recon|vṛče!}} ||{{recon|vṛkō!}} ||{{recon|vṛkai!}}
|''laušna!'' || ''laušnai!''||''laušnax!''
|{{recon|laušna!}} || {{recon|laušnai!}}||{{recon|laušnax!}}
|''dōre!'' || ''dōrai!'' ||''dōrā!''
|{{recon|dōre!}} || {{recon|dōrai!}} ||{{recon|dōrā}}
|}
|}
(* later replaced by analogy with jo or i stems)
(* CIlith later replaced this by analogy with jo or i stems with ''-ý''. Some early prakrits retained reflexes of {{recon|-ō}}.)
 
== Verbs ==
== Verbs ==
==== ''-ā-'' verbs ====
==== {{recon|-ātei}} class ====
Infinitive: ''šventātei''
Infinitive: {{recon|šventātei}}~{{recon|šventāti}}


Gerundive: ''šventātī''
Gerundive: {{recon|šventātī}}


Participles:
Participles:
*''šventą̄s'' = pres. active participle
*{{recon|šventą̄s}} = pres. active participle
*''šventāminəx'' = passive participle
*{{recon|šventāminəx}} = passive participle
*''šventāšąs'' = future active ptcp.
*{{recon|šventāšąs}} = future active ptcp.
Primary conjugation
Primary conjugation


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{| class="wikitable" border="1"
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|
!rowspan="2" |
!colspan="3"| Active  
!colspan="3" | Active  
!colspan="3"| Passive
!colspan="3" | Passive
|-
|-
! Singular !! Dual!! Plural  !! Singular !! Dual!! Plural  
! Singular !! Dual!! Plural  !! Singular !! Dual!! Plural  
|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''šventāmi'' || ''šventāva'' || ''šventāmex'' || ''šventāi'' || ''šventāvadʰai'' || ''šventāmadʰai''
| {{recon|šventām}} || {{recon|šventāva}} || {{recon|šventāmex}} || {{recon|šventāi}} || {{recon|šventāvadʰai}} || {{recon|šventāmadʰai}}
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''šventāš'' || ''šventāta'' || ''šventāte'' || ''šventāsai'' || ''?'' || ''šventādʰvai''
| {{recon|šventāš}} || {{recon|šventāta}} || {{recon|šventāte}} || {{recon|šventāsai}} || {{recon|?}} || {{recon|šventādʰvai}}
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''šventáti'' || ''šventātą­­̄'' || ''šventānt'' || ''šventātai'' || ''?'' || ''šventāntai''
| {{recon|šventāt}} || {{recon|šventātą­­̄}} || {{recon|šventānt}} || {{recon|šventātai}} || {{recon|?}} || {{recon|šventāntai}}
|-
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 03:11, 1 March 2024

Think Lithuanian with:

  • breathy stops and laryngeals
  • no ā ē ō ei > o ė uo ie changes
  • no tj dj > či dži

Nouns

*vṛkəx (m.) = wolf *laušnā (f.) = moon *dōrą (n.) = gift
singular dual plural singular dual plural singular dual plural
Nominative *vṛkəx *vṛkō *vṛkai *laušnā *laušnāi *laušnax *dōrą *dōrai *dōrā
Genitive *vṛkašə *vṛkajau *vṛkǭ *laušnāx *laušnājau *laušnǭ *dōrašə *dōrajau *dōrǭ
Dative *vṛkəi *vṛkabʰą̄ *vṛkabʰəx *laušnāi *laušnābʰą̄ *laušnābʰəx *dōrəi *dōrabʰą̄ *dōrabʰəx
Accusative *vṛką *vṛkō *vṛkǭx *laušną̄ *laušnāi *laušną­̄x *dōrą *dōrai *dōrā
Ablative *vṛkāx *vṛkabʰą̄ *vṛkabʰəx *laušnāx *laušnābʰą̄ *laušnābʰəx *dōrāx *dōrabʰą̄ *dōrabʰəx
Instrumental *vṛkō* *vṛkabʰį̄ *vṛkaix *laušnajā *laušnābʰį̄ *laušnābʰix *dōrō* *dōrabʰį̄ *dōraix
Locative *vṛkai *vṛkajau *vṛkaišu *laušnāi *laušnājau *laušnāšu *dōrai *dōrajau *dōraišu
Vocative *vṛče! *vṛkō! *vṛkai! *laušna! *laušnai! *laušnax! *dōre! *dōrai! *dōrā

(* CIlith later replaced this by analogy with jo or i stems with -ý. Some early prakrits retained reflexes of *-ō.)

Verbs

*-ātei class

Infinitive: *šventātei~*šventāti

Gerundive: *šventātī

Participles:

  • *šventą̄s = pres. active participle
  • *šventāminəx = passive participle
  • *šventāšąs = future active ptcp.

Primary conjugation

Present indicative

Active Passive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st *šventām *šventāva *šventāmex *šventāi *šventāvadʰai *šventāmadʰai
2nd *šventāš *šventāta *šventāte *šventāsai *? *šventādʰvai
3rd *šventāt *šventātą­­̄ *šventānt *šventātai *? *šventāntai
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