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Aydın Baykara
Joined 30 March 2023
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(*)Nouns will not be derived from deverbal adjectives but directly from verbs, so it will be “gav.va” and "vof.fo". | (*)Nouns will not be derived from deverbal adjectives but directly from verbs, so it will be “gav.va” and "vof.fo". | ||
==== Compound/Combined Noun Derivations ==== | ==== Compound/Combined Noun Derivations ==== | ||
{| | {| | ||
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*Last two letters of the adjective (edi, ebi, oşo-distant, big, some) as prefix and simple present tense of the verb (ses.e-see) will be used. | *Last two letters of the adjective (edi, ebi, oşo-distant, big, some) as prefix and simple present tense of the verb (ses.e-see) will be used. | ||
In case of the combined phrases “verb+noun”, the verb keeps its basic form (infinite) followed by the noun but with separation. (e.g.: fes ((to) serve) and vitka (car) combined to “fes vitka” (service car)). Grammatically the verb acts as the adjective. | In case of the combined phrases “verb+noun”, the verb keeps its basic form (infinite) followed by the noun but with separation. (e.g.: fes ((to) serve) and vitka (car) combined to “fes vitka” (service car)). Grammatically the verb acts as the adjective. | ||
“Yes” and “No”: “Ay” and “Ya” (This pair is considered mostly as noun, therefore placed here) | “Yes” and “No”: “Ay” and “Ya” (This pair is considered mostly as noun, therefore placed here) | ||
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=== BASIC/ROOT VERBS === | === BASIC/ROOT VERBS === | ||
Verbs consist basically of three letters as CVC. They are also classified in schemes similar to the nouns. | Verbs consist basically of three letters as CVC. They are also classified in schemes similar to the nouns. Seventeen “main headings” (with the first denoting letter of the group following) are “Physical Acts -K##”, “Active Actions –Y, L, R and G##”, “People/Human – S and Ş##”, “Social Relation –F, N and P##”, “Mental Activities –B and M##”, “Household, Daily Life -D##”, “Pastime, Spor, Health -T##”, “Utterance, Nonperson Acts-Ç##”, “Business, Public -H##”, “Technic / Science / Nature-V##”. In Physical Acts, “K##” is initial consonant for the heading, ## indicates varying 8 vowels (“a” to “ü”) in the second place and alternating 20 consonants in the third place. This way 4600 verbs can be created theoretically, but for the same reason as for the nouns, only half of them will be taken in to the consideration. For the Level 1, ABCL has about one thousand five hundred of them, which seems to be adequate. The main heading could be subdivided in subheading such as KA# for a certain type of “physical acting” and KE# for another where appropriate (For the purpose of correlation with English words this “principle” has been relaxed considerably). | ||
For the Level 1, ABCL has about one thousand | |||
As example, some verbs in the category “K-physical acting” are shown below: | As example, some verbs in the category “K-physical acting” are shown below: | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Verbs will be flexed for the | Verbs will be flexed for the Level 1 beside tenses also for ergative, causative, imperative, passive, reflexive, subjunctive and negative. Suffixes for further tenses and moods have been defined also for Level 2 such as reciprocal, inferential, optative, subjunctive conditional etc. additionally. Those moods of the second level can be replaced in the first level by the prepositions as in English. | ||
=== DERIVED VERBS === | === DERIVED VERBS === | ||
Verbs will be derived from nouns and adjectives by adding suffixes according to a fixed scheme. They will typically end also on a consonant as the root verbs. | Verbs will be derived from nouns and adjectives by adding suffixes according to a fixed scheme. They will typically end also on a consonant as the root verbs. | ||
For the derivation of verbs from the nouns the suffixes “_k” (for transitive) and “_l” (for intransitive) will be added (thus we will have a | For the derivation of verbs from the nouns the suffixes “_k” (for transitive) and “_l” (for intransitive) will be added. (thus we will have a six letters verbs.) For the adjectives also the suffix “_l” is chosen (these types of verbs are always intransitive). | ||
==== Derived Verbs from Nouns (Denominal Verbs) ==== | ==== Derived Verbs from Nouns (Denominal Verbs) ==== | ||
- ''(first noun of the rows translated only) | - ''Examples (first noun of the rows translated only) | ||
'' | '' | ||
{| | {| | ||
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==== Derived Verbs from Adjectives ==== | ==== Derived Verbs from Adjectives ==== | ||
|-Example: | |||
{| | {| | ||
!'''ABCL Suffix'''||||'''ABCL verb'''||'''English verb''' (examples) | !'''ABCL Suffix'''||||'''ABCL verb'''||'''English verb''' (examples) | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
In case of adjectives created as antonym (by negation suffix “_x”), derivation suffix comes after “_x”. Thus, if the derived verb would be negated, such construction as “ebix.l.o.x” (ebixlox=not diminished) are possible sinbe the suffix “_x” will be placed after the tense-conjugation suffix. | |||
If “x” follows or followed by a consonant, a short sounded “ı or i” may be introduced in between (in accordance with the vowel harmony) in speaking, but not in writing. (e.g. enu.x.l.o=became old). | |||
=== Infinite and Imperative === | |||
{| | |||
!'''ABCL Suffix Level 1'''||||'''Example: ABCL noun'''||'''English Suffix'''||'''Some English Nouns as Samples '' | |||
|- | |||
|'''_eş-x''|| || yun.eş(!), den.eş.x(!)||to ... (infinite)/!||to run, to eat / /run!, eat-don't eat!) frighten(vt), vocalize(vt), terrorize, idolise | |||
|} | |||
=== Verbal Forms in ABCL === | === Verbal Forms in ABCL === | ||