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Etlish: Difference between revisions
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==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
Etlish is written with the Latin script. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! A a !! Aa aa !! Ai ai !! Aai aai !! Au au !! Aau aau !! Ä ä !! Ää ää | |||
|- | |||
| /ɑ/ || /ɑː/ || /ɑi/ || /ɑːi/ || /ɑu/ || /ɑːu/ || /æ/ || /æː/ | |||
|- | |||
! Äi äi !! Ääi ääi !! Äü äü !! Ääü ääü !! B b !! D d !! E e !! Ee ee | |||
|- | |||
| /æi/ || /æːi/ || /æy/ || /æːy/ || /b/ || /d/ || /e/ || /eː/ | |||
|- | |||
! Ei ei !! Eei eei || Ë ë !! H h !! I i !! Ii ii !! J j !! K k | |||
|- | |||
| /ei/ || /eːi/ || /ə/ || /h/ || /i/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/ | |||
|- | |||
! L l !! M m !! N n !! O o !! Oi oi !! Oo oo !! Ou ou !! Oou oou | |||
|- | |||
| /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /oi/ || /oː/ || /ou/ || /oːu/ | |||
|- | |||
! Ö ö !! Öi öi !! Öö öö !! Öü öü !! Ööü ööü !! P p !! R r !! S s | |||
|- | |||
| /ø/ || /øi/ || /øː/ || /øy/ || /øːy/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ | |||
|- | |||
! T t !! Ts ts !! U u !! Uu uu !! Ü ü !! Üü üü !! V v !! Z z | |||
|- | |||
| /t/ || /t͡s/ || /u/ || /uː/ || /y/ || /yː/ || /w/ || /z/ | |||
|} | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Consonants | |||
|- | |||
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! Dorsal | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Affricate|Affricate]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t͡s]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]] | |||
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Trill|Trill]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]] | |||
|} | |||
*/n/ is realized as [ŋ] before /k,h/. | |||
*/h/ is realized as [x] in coda. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Vowels | |||
|- | |||
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] [[w:Unrounded vowel|unrounded]] !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] [[w:Rounded vowel|rounded]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close vowel|High]] | |||
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] iː || [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] yː || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] uː | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] eː || [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] øː || [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] oː | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]] | |||
| [[w:Near-open front unrounded vowel|æ]] æː || || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] ɑː | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Diphthongs | |||
|- | |||
| ei eːi || øy øːy || oi || ou oːu | |||
|- | |||
| æi æːi || æy æːy || ɑi ɑːi || ɑu ɑːu | |||
|} | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Words bear initial stress. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Etlish maximal syllables are CVC. | Etlish maximal syllables are CVC. | ||
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! Front !! Back | ! Front !! Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ü üü || u uu | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ö öö* || o oo | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | öi öü* ööü* || oi ou oou | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | ä ää || a aa | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | äi ääi äü ääü || ai aai au aau | ||
|} | |} | ||
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====Consonant gradation==== | ====Consonant gradation==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! Strong !! Weak | |||
|- | |||
| p t k || w z j | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" | pp tt kk || p t k | |||
|- | |||
| vv zz jj | |||
|- | |||
| ts s || s h | |||
|} | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Etlish word order is flexible but predominantly SVO. | |||
===Noun and verb phrases=== | ===Noun and verb phrases=== | ||
Possessors, numerals, and adverbs precede their head. Adjectives may precede or follow their head. | |||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
Dependent clauses directly follow their head. | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||