Luthic: Difference between revisions

| brōþar /ˈbroː.θar/ || bruder /'bru.der/ || broþar [ˈbɾo.θɐr] || brother

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| handus /ˈhan.dus/ || handa /ˈan.da/ || hando [ˈhan.du] (archaic or obsolete) || hand

* The letter g represents the sound [[w:Voiced velar plosive|/ɡ/]] at the end of words and before the letters a, o, and u but represents the sound [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|/d͡ʒ/]] before the letters e and i. It also represents the sound [[w:Voiced velar nasal|/ŋ/]] before c, q or g.

** Velar plosives after /ŋ/ are not further palatalised to /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/.

** [[IPA for Luthic|/ɡʷ/]] only happens before a nasal and is spelled as ggu [[w:Labialization|/ŋɡʷ/]], or inherited from Gothic ''-ggw-'' as a regular outcome of [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Germanic]] ''*ww'': [[wikt:𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃|𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃]] [[wikt:AP:pron:got|[triɡʷːs]]], ''tregguo'' [ˈtɾɛɡ.ɡʷu].

* The letter r represents the sound [[w:Voiced uvular fricative|/ʁ/]] onset or stressed intervocalic, [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps|/ɾ/]] when intervocalic or nearby another consonant or at the end of words and [[w:Voiced uvular trill|/ʀ/]] if doubled.

* The cluster sc /sk/ before the letters e and i represents the sound [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|/ʃ/]], [[w:Gemination|geminate]] if intervocalic.

* The spellings ci and gi before another vowel represent only /t͡ʃ/ or /d͡ʒ/ with no [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|/i/]] ~ [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|/j/]] sound.

* The spelling qu and gu always represent the sounds /k/ and /ɡ/.

* The spelling ġl and ġn represent the palatals [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|/ʎ/]] and [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|/ɲ/]] retrospectively; always geminate if intervocalic.

* The [[w:Circumflex|circumflex accent]] is used over vowels to indicate irregular stress.

** In VCC structures and some Italian borrowings, the digraphs are not found.

* The [[w:Dot (diacritic)|overdot accent]] is used to over ⟨a, o⟩ to indicate coda /a o/.

** The letter o always represents the sound /u/ in coda.

** The overdot is also used over ⟨c, g⟩ to indicate [[w:Palatalization (sound change)|palatalisation]].

The '''Ravenna University Circle of Phonological Development''' also found out that mnemonics can be used in aiding children with [[w:Autism spectrum|autism spectrum disorder (ASD)]] and other [[w:Neurodevelopmental disorder|neurodevelopmental disorders]], patients with memory deficits that could be caused by [[w:Head injuries|head injuries]], [[w:Strokes|strokes]], [[w:Epilepsy|epilepsy]], [[w:Multiple sclerosis|multiple sclerosis]] and other neurological conditions, however, in the case of stroke patients, the results did not reach statistical significance.

==Grammar==

| Water || Neuter || Vadne || Vadni

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| Heart || Neuter || Haertene || Haerteni

| ne

|}

: ² before voiced fricatives or sonorants

! rowspan=2| Number

! rowspan=2| Case

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! {{small|masculine}}

The pronouns unsar, isvar have an irregular declension, being declined like an unmarked adjective in the masculine gender and marked in the other genders. Every possessive pronoun is declined like an o-stem adjective for masculine and neuter gender, while its feminine counterpart is declined as an a-stem adjective

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

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! rowspan=2| Number

! rowspan=2| Case

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! {{small|masculine}}

! {{small|feminine}}

!rowspan=4| Singular

! {{small|nom.}}

|-

! {{small|acc.}}

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! {{small|dat.}}

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! {{small|gen.}}

!rowspan=4| Plural

! {{small|nom.}}

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! {{small|acc.}}

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! {{small|dat.}}

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! {{small|gen.}}

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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

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!rowspan=4| Singular

! {{small|nom.}}

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! {{small|acc.}}

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! {{small|dat.}}

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! {{small|gen.}}

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!rowspan=4| Plural

! {{small|nom.}}

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! {{small|acc.}}

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! {{small|dat.}}

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! {{small|gen.}}

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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

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! Number

! a-stem ^f

! o-stem ⁿ

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!rowspan=4| Singular

! {{small|nom.}}

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! {{small|acc.}}

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! {{small|dat.}}

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! {{small|gen.}}

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!rowspan=4| Plural

! {{small|nom.}}

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! {{small|acc.}}

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! {{small|dat.}}

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! {{small|gen.}}

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! o-stem ^m

! a-stem ^f

!rowspan=4| Singular

! {{small|nom.}}

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! {{small|acc.}}

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! {{small|dat.}}

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! {{small|gen.}}

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!rowspan=4| Plural

! {{small|nom.}}

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! {{small|acc.}}

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! {{small|dat.}}

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! {{small|gen.}}

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| o-stem adjective

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| o-stem adjective

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| indeclinable

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| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

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| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

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| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

|-

| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

|-

| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

|-

| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

|-

| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

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| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

|-

| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

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| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

|-

| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

|-

| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

|-

| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

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| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

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| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

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| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

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| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

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| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

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| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

|-

| indeclinable

| o-stem adjective

|-

| o-stem adjective

| o-stem adjective

|-

| o-stem adjective

| o-stem adjective

|-

| o-stem adjective

| o-stem adjective