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Vinnish: Difference between revisions
→Common Nouns
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! !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Genitive | ! !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Dative !! Genitive | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Singular | ! Singular !| -er, ∅ || ∅ || -i || -s, -ar | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Plural | ! Plural !| -ar || -e || (u)-em || -e | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=====i-Umlaut Strong Common Nouns===== | ======i-Umlaut Strong Common Nouns====== | ||
A number of strong common nouns show an i-umlaut in the dative singular and in the nominative and accusative plurals, as well as an ending of -er in the nominative and accusative plurals. | A number of strong common nouns show an i-umlaut in the dative singular and in the nominative and accusative plurals, as well as an ending of -er in the nominative and accusative plurals. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
=====The Family Declension===== | ======The Family Declension====== | ||
These nouns all refer to family members. They are characterized by a consistent -ar ending in the cases of the singular, and an i-umlaut in the stem in the plural cases. | These nouns all refer to family members. They are characterized by a consistent -ar ending in the cases of the singular, and an i-umlaut in the stem in the plural cases. | ||
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|br'''y'''ðr'''e''' | |br'''y'''ðr'''e''' | ||
|s'''ø'''str'''e''' | |s'''ø'''str'''e''' | ||
|} | |||
======I-Final Common Nouns====== | |||
A few common strong nouns end in -i. These usually refer to abstract concepts, do not have a plural, and only show case marking in the genitive. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
! colspan="3" |Nominative, Accusative, Dative | |||
!Genitive | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="5" |'''fryði''' - “knowledge; science” | |||
|- | |||
!Singular | |||
| colspan="3" |fryð'''i''' | |||
|fryð'''is''' | |||
|} | |||
=====Weak Common Nouns===== | |||
The weak declension pattern of common nouns is somewhat simpler than that of the strong common nouns. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
!Nominative | |||
!Accusative | |||
!Dative | |||
!Genitive | |||
|- | |||
!Singular | |||
|<nowiki>-e, -i</nowiki> | |||
| colspan="2" |-e | |||
|<nowiki>-es</nowiki> | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
|<nowiki>-ar</nowiki> | |||
|<nowiki>-e</nowiki> | |||
|(+u)-em | |||
|<nowiki>-e</nowiki> | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! colspan="5" |Examples of Weak Common Nouns | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
!Nominative | |||
!Accusative | |||
!Dative | |||
!Genitive | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="5" |'''hagi''' - “meadow” | |||
|- | |||
!Singular | |||
|hag'''i''' | |||
| colspan="2" |hag'''e''' | |||
|hag'''es''' | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
|hag'''ar''' | |||
|hag'''e''' | |||
|h'''å'''g'''em''' | |||
|hag'''e''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="5" |'''gofe''' - “steam” | |||
|- | |||
!Singular | |||
| colspan="3" |gof'''e''' | |||
|gof'''es''' | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
|gof'''ar''' | |||
|gof'''e''' | |||
|gof'''em''' | |||
|gof'''e''' | |||
|} | |||
There are also some loanwords that end in -a. These are otherwise treated like “standard” weak common nouns, but in the singular retain their -a. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
!Nominative | |||
!Accusative | |||
!Dative | |||
!Genitive | |||
|- | |||
!Singular | |||
| colspan="3" |zebr'''a''' | |||
|zebr'''as''' | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
|zebr'''ar''' | |||
|zebr'''e''' | |||
|zebr'''em''' | |||
|zebr'''e''' | |||
|} | |} | ||