588
edits
Flewtish: Difference between revisions
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| (8 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Flewtish''' ([[w:Endonym|endonym]]: <b>Флутье</b> [[IPA|[ɸlutʷe] ]] or '''Флутье глун'''</b> [[IPA|[ˈɸlutʷe ɡlun] ]]) is a language spoken in much of Northwest Russia and the [[w:Karelia|Karelia region]], as well as a large pocket in [[w:Finland|Eastern Finland]]. Flewtish is a [[w:Language isolate|language isolate]], meaning it does not [[w:Genetic relationship (linguistics)|genetically relate]] to any other known language on the planet, similar to [[w:Basque|Basque]] in Europe. | |||
Flewtish is a polysynthetic language, something uncommon for the Siberian or the European languages, hinting a distant [[w:Urheimat|Urheimat]] far away from today's Russia (Usually placed near the Mongolian border, see [[Proto-Flewtish]]). The language is split into 4 periods: [[Proto-Flewtish]], Old Flewtish, Ḟlǔṫas Eṽétt (Modern Latin Orthography: ''Fluṫas Ewet''), and Modern Flewtish, each one signified by the historical events accompanying them. It is a biscriptal language, using both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts to be written (In Finland and elsewhere respectively), although during the early medieval period there were Turkic writings too. An important aspect of the language is differentiating between labialized and non-labialized consonants (Referred in Flewtish as "rounded" and "unrounded") see eg. [kʷáɣ.op] "Warmth" and [káɣ.op] "Deer". | Flewtish is a polysynthetic language, something uncommon for the Siberian or the European languages, hinting a distant [[w:Urheimat|Urheimat]] far away from today's Russia (Usually placed near the Mongolian border, see [[Proto-Flewtish]]). The language is split into 4 periods: [[Proto-Flewtish]], Old Flewtish, Ḟlǔṫas Eṽétt (Modern Latin Orthography: ''Fluṫas Ewet''), and Modern Flewtish, each one signified by the historical events accompanying them. It is a biscriptal language, using both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts to be written (In Finland and elsewhere respectively), although during the early medieval period there were Turkic writings too. An important aspect of the language is differentiating between labialized and non-labialized consonants (Referred in Flewtish as "rounded" and "unrounded") see eg. [kʷáɣ.op] "Warmth" and [káɣ.op] "Deer". | ||
Flewtish is not one unified language. Rather, it is a large dialect continuum, stretching from Eastern Finland to the Ob river, and from the White Sea all the way to Bestozhevo (Arkhangelsk oblast), and the large distance between the dialects has caused the extreme ends of that territory to be completely unintelligible to each other. | |||
==Etymology and history== | ==Etymology and history== | ||
''' | '''Flutwe''' is an evolution of Proto-Flewtish ''*pʰlutuɘp'', meaning "Blooming" or "Saturated". The reason for this name is that the regions that Flewtish speakers settled were far more greener and developed than their previous homeland. Flewtish is possibly a [[w:Paleosiberian languages|Paleo-siberian]] language that through migration reached it's current territory. This can be further supported by similarities with the [[w:Yeniseian languages|Yeniseian]] languages, like having a pitch accent, vowel harmony and vowel length distinction. | ||
Following harsh winters in the area and raids from other local tribes, migrations westwards began in search of a better homeland. Eventually, after ~1000 years, Flewtish people decided to settle to modern day Arkhangelsk ( | Following harsh winters in the area and raids from other local tribes, migrations westwards began in search of a better homeland. Eventually, after ~1000 years, Flewtish people decided to settle to modern day Arkhangelsk (Tanrikutt in Old Flewtish, lit. ''God's city'') and the areas around, where their language would remain. Small pockets of their language that settled in the way during that migration period survived for a few more centuries before being assimilated to neighboring nations. | ||
Flewtish, from it's early years, was influenced by Mongolic, Turkic and later Indo-European and Uralic languages. The most obvious example would be the large amount of Turkic and Finnic loanwords into Flewtish | Flewtish, from it's early years, was influenced by Mongolic, Turkic and later Indo-European and Uralic languages. The most obvious example would be the large amount of Turkic and Finnic loanwords into Flewtish, but even titles from the states with Flewtish rule such as "Gǎngÿán [gâŋɢán]" (Leader, possibly related to Khagan), "Tãnrǐ [taːŋɾiː]" (Same origin as Tengri) and "Taerkáng [tɘɾ.káŋ] (Local ruler, related to Tarkhan). On the Indo-European side, the word "оўиг /ówyg/" (Sheep) is probably borrowed from the Proto-Indo-European word '''*h₂ówis''' (Or perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic) and the word "ғамеги" (milking, from PIE ''*h₂melǵ-''). | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Sound in parentheses only appear in dialects. Labialized consonants are not included in this chart as they don't form separate phonemes. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center;" | {| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center;" | ||
! Manner/Place !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palato-alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal | ! Manner/Place !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palato-alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Nasal || m | | Nasal || m || || || n || || (ɲ) || ŋ || || | ||
|- | |||
| Stop || p b || || || t d || || || k g || (q ɢ) || (ʔ) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Affricate || || || t͡s d͡z || t͡ʃ d͡ʒ || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Fricative || || f v || (θ) ð || s z || ʃ ʒ || || x ɣ || (ʁ) || h | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Approximant || w || || || || || j || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Tap || || || || ɾ || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Lateral approximant || || || || l | | Lateral approximant || || || || l || || || || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 70: | Line 66: | ||
! !! Front !! Central !! Back | ! !! Front !! Central !! Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
| High || i y || (ɨ) | | High || i y || (ɨ) || u (ɯ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| High-mid || e || (ɘ) || o | | High-mid || e || (ɘ) || o | ||
| Line 76: | Line 72: | ||
| Low || a || || | | Low || a || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
=== | ===Orthography and scripts=== | ||
Flewtish is | ====Cyrillic script==== | ||
Flewtish is written from the 17th century onwards with a variation of the Cyrillic script, the Flewtish alphabet. | |||
<center> | <center> | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | {| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;" | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="34" | Cyrillic Script for Flewtish | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Аа /a/ || Бб /b/ || Вв /v/ || Гг /g/ || Ғғ /ɣ/ || Дд /d/ || | | Аа /a/ || Бб /b/ || Вв /v/ || Гг /g/ || Ғғ /ɣ/ || Дд /d/ || Ее /e/ || Ёё /ə/ || Зз /z/ || Ӟӟ /ð/ || Ии /i/ || Йй /j/ || Ўў /w/ || Кк /k/ || Лл /l/ || Мм /m/ || Нн /n/ || Оо /o/ || Ӧӧ - /jo/ ||Пп /p/ || Рр /ɾ/ || Сс /s/ || Тт /t/ || Уу /u/ || Фф /ɸ/ || Ьь (ʷ) || Хх /x/ || Цц /t͡s/ || Чч /t͡ʃ/ || Шш /ʃ/ || Щщ /d͡z/ || Ыы /y/ || Юю /ju/ || Яя /ja/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
</center> | </center> | ||
The Flewtish alphabet also relies on acute accents to indicate that a vowel must be pronounced as a nasal one. The apostrophe may be used to show apheresis in rapid speech. | |||
There are many dialects of Flewtish so the Flewtish alphabet is not reliable to denote the sounds of most dialects and accents. In that case, there are an additional 5 graphemes used to denote sounds found in the most spoken non-standard accents, eg. the one in Ukhta. | |||
# Ӱӱ - /ɯ/ | |||
# Өө - /θ/ | |||
# Ъъ - /ʔ/ | |||
# Ӈӈ - /ŋ/* | |||
# Іі - /ɨ/ | |||
====Latin script==== | |||
Flewtish was written for a large period using the Latin script, adopted from contact with Germanic peoples in the west. Although it is rarely used since the late 20th century, it can still be found in inscriptions. It also survives as part of the dialect spoken in Eastern Finland. | |||
=== | ====Turkic script==== | ||
Finally, dialects of Flewtish were written during the Old Flewtish period (452CE-778CE) using the Turkic script, while the southeastern tribes were subjugates by Turkish khanagates. Few inscriptions survive to this day. | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
| Line 108: | Line 106: | ||
In addition, Flewtish contains an animate-inanimate distinction. If any part of speech within a sentence is animate, the subject, object and verb must take the ''-ü'' suffix. | In addition, Flewtish contains an animate-inanimate distinction. If any part of speech within a sentence is animate, the subject, object and verb must take the ''-ü'' suffix. | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
| Line 139: | Line 118: | ||
| -mno || Mine || hetsjeńemno | | -mno || Mine || hetsjeńemno | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -ði || Your || hetsjeńedi | | -ði || Your || hetsjeńedi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -muk || His/Hers/Its || hetceńemuk | | -muk || His/Hers/Its || hetceńemuk | ||
| Line 149: | Line 128: | ||
| ne- -ktu || Their || nehetsjeńektu | | ne- -ktu || Their || nehetsjeńektu | ||
|} | |} | ||
Flewtish doesn't have articles, but uses the -e suffix as a replacement for the definite article, and ''sal'' for the indefinite article. | Flewtish doesn't have articles, but uses the -e suffix as a replacement for the definite article, and ''sal'' for the indefinite article. | ||
| Line 221: | Line 198: | ||
! Number !! English !! Flewtish | ! Number !! English !! Flewtish | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 0 || Zero || | | 0 || Zero || Нул | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 || One || | | 1 || One || Зааԓ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2 || Two || | | 2 || Two || Деюе | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3 || Three || | | 3 || Three || Заш | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 4 || Four || | | 4 || Four || Нóюе | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 || Five || | | 5 || Five || Аўе | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 6 || Six || | | 6 || Six || Еўе | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 7 || Seven || | | 7 || Seven || Юскы̄ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 8 || Eight || | | 8 || Eight || Анá | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 9 || Nine || | | 9 || Nine || Цьербус | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 10 || Ten || | | 10 || Ten || Ԓе | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 250: | Line 227: | ||
'''Flewtish (Latin)''': | '''Flewtish (Latin)''': | ||
'' | ''Awel neemól zalpen nesvabodii ve tiğez ivoam ve prava. Nežewemeg šiwatak ve sosnanije ve nekareveljomeg zaal baknwékonjoamd.'' | ||
'''Flewtish (Cyrillic)''': | '''Flewtish (Cyrillic)''': | ||
'' | ''Аўел неемóл залпен несвабoдии ве тиғез ивoам ве права. Нежеўемег шиўатак ве соснанийе ве некаревелйомег заал бакньéконйоамд.'' | ||