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Vinnish: Difference between revisions
→Nominalizing Adjectives
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
| name = Vinnish | | name = Vinnish | ||
| nativename = Vinske, | | nativename = Vinske, Vinskemål | ||
| creator = [[User:Shinobhi|Shinobhi]] | | creator = [[User:Shinobhi|Shinobhi]] | ||
| created = 2023 | | created = 2023 | ||
| Line 20: | Line 21: | ||
| fam4 = Far West Norse | | fam4 = Far West Norse | ||
| fam5 = Old Vinnish | | fam5 = Old Vinnish | ||
| fam6 = [[ | | fam6 = [[History of the Vinnish Language|Early Modern Vinnish]] | ||
| dia1 = <!--these are for dialects--> | | dia1 = <!--these are for dialects--> | ||
| script1 = Latn | | script1 = Latn | ||
| agency = | | agency = Vinskemålsråðet - Vinnish Language Council | ||
| nation = Commonwealth of Vinland | | nation = Commonwealth of Vinland | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|[aː] when stressed | |[aː] when stressed | ||
|t'''a'''ke | |t'''a'''ke | ||
|[ˈtʰ'''aː''' | |[ˈtʰ'''aː'''kʰə] | ||
|to take | |to take | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|same as “k” (loanwords only) | |same as “k” (loanwords only) | ||
|'''C'''anade | |'''C'''anade | ||
|[ | |[ˈ'''kʰ'''aːnadə] | ||
|Canada | |Canada | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|same as “k” (loanwords only) | |same as “k” (loanwords only) | ||
|'''ch'''ronologi | |'''ch'''ronologi | ||
|[ | |[ˈ'''k'''roːnologi] | ||
|chronology (c) | |chronology (c) | ||
|- | |- | ||
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===Neuter Nouns=== | ===Neuter Nouns=== | ||
When compared to common nouns, neuter nouns show much less variation in their declension patterns. Neuter nouns are characterized by the universal lack of distinction between nominative and accusative forms, and by a u-umlaut in the plural. | |||
====Weak Neuter Nouns==== | |||
The set of weak neuter nouns is limited to a small list of body parts, and derivates thereof. | |||
===Definite Article=== | ===Definite Article=== | ||
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==Adjectives== | ==Adjectives== | ||
There are two patterns of adjectives in Vinnish: declinables and indeclinables. | |||
Declinable adjectives in Vinnish agree with the nouns they modify in gender, case, number, and definiteness. There are two inflections for adjectives: strong and weak adjectives. | |||
Indeclinable adjectives, as the name suggests, do not decline at all, and are limited to present participles, comparative adjectives, and some loanwords. Virtually all indeclinable adjectives end in -i. | |||
===Strong Adjectives=== | ===Strong Adjectives=== | ||
Strong adjectives are used attributively with indefinite nouns and predicatively with all nouns. They inflect for gender, case, and number. | Strong adjectives are used attributively with indefinite nouns and predicatively with all nouns. They inflect for gender, case, and number. | ||
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|stor''e'' barnet | |stor''e'' barnet | ||
|big-DEF child-NOM-SG-DEF | |big-DEF child-NOM-SG-DEF | ||
|big child}} | |the big child}} | ||
Because the weak form inherently conveys definiteness, it is possible to drop the definite article suffix on the modified noun. | Because the weak form inherently conveys definiteness, it is possible to drop the definite article suffix on the modified noun. | ||
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|stor''e'' barn | |stor''e'' barn | ||
|big-DEF child-NOM-SG | |big-DEF child-NOM-SG | ||
|big child}} | |the big child}} | ||
===Adverbs=== | ===Adverbs=== | ||
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{{interlinear|number=(6) | {{interlinear|number=(6) | ||
| | |kålde skipen | ||
|cold-NEUT-PL-DEF ship-PL-NOM | |cold-NEUT-PL-DEF ship-PL-NOM-DEF | ||
|the cold ships}} | |the cold ships}} | ||
===Nominalizing Adjectives=== | |||
While exceedingly rare, the indeclinable adjectives can be nominalized. When nominalized, they take the normal inflections of weak nouns with endings in -i. This nominalization is limited to a few nouns that end in -i, usually demonyms. | |||
{{interlinear|number=(7)|abbreviations=COMM:common gender | |||
|Pakistani filgem | |||
|Pakistani-COMM-PL-DAT friend-PL-DAT | |||
|Pakistani friends (dative).}} | |||
{{interlinear|number=(8)|abbreviations=COMM:common gender | |||
|Han mælti með jem Pakistanem. | |||
|3P-HUM-SG speak-3P with one-COMM-PL-DAT Pakistani-PL-DAT | |||
|He/She spoke with a few Pakistanis.}} | |||
==Verbs== | ==Verbs== | ||