Prime Pidgin of Antarctica (PPA): Difference between revisions
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Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
| mapsize = 350px | | mapsize = 350px | ||
| mapcaption = Trinity Peninsula | | mapcaption = Trinity Peninsula | ||
| notice = IPA | | notice = IPA [adds notice for IPA notation] | ||
}} | }} | ||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Line 37: | Line 35: | ||
|2=Residual Spanish | |2=Residual Spanish | ||
|3=Residual Russian | |3=Residual Russian | ||
|4=Other sporadic residual languages | |4=Other sporadic residual languages, creoles and pidgins | ||
}} | }} | ||
|2={{Clade | |2={{Clade | ||
Line 52: | Line 50: | ||
=== Linguistic history of Antarctica === | === Linguistic history of Antarctica === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Language | !Language | ||
!Words | !Words | ||
|- | |- | ||
| English | |English | ||
|467 | |467 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 89: | Line 75: | ||
|28 | |28 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Italian | |Italian | ||
|23 | |23 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 137: | Line 123: | ||
|2 | |2 | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
=== Consonants === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! colspan="2" | | ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | ||
!Labial | ! rowspan="2" |Labial | ||
!Alveolar | ! colspan="3" |Coronal | ||
!Retroflex | ! colspan="2" |Dorsal | ||
|- | |||
!Dento-Alveolar | |||
!Retroflex | |||
!Palatal | !Palatal | ||
!Velar | !Velar | ||
Line 179: | Line 141: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Nasal | ! colspan="2" |Nasal | ||
| m | |*m | ||
|n | |*n | ||
|ɳ | |(*ɳ) | ||
|ɲ | |(*ɲ) | ||
|ŋ | |*ŋ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | | ! rowspan="2" |Plosive | ||
!Voiceless | !Voiceless | ||
|p | |*p | ||
|t | |*t | ||
|ʈ | |(*ʈ) | ||
|c | |(*c) | ||
|k | |*k | ||
|ʔ | |(*ʔ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Voiced | !Voiced | ||
|b | |*b | ||
|d | |*d | ||
| | | | ||
|ɟ | |(*ɟ) | ||
|g | |*g | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ! rowspan="2" |Fricative | ||
!Voiceless | !Voiceless | ||
|f | |*f | ||
|s | |*s | ||
| | | | ||
|ʃ | |(*ʃ) | ||
|x | |(*x) | ||
|h | |*h | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Voiced | !Voiced | ||
|v | |(*v) | ||
|z | |(*z) | ||
| | | | ||
|ʒ | |(*ʒ) | ||
|ɣ | |(*ɣ) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" |Liquid | ! rowspan="2" |Liquid | ||
!Rhotic | !Rhotic | ||
|β | |(*β) | ||
|r | |*r | ||
|ɻ | |(*ɻ) | ||
|ɾ | |(*ɾ) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Lateral | !Lateral | ||
| | | | ||
|l | |*l | ||
|ɭ | |(*ɭ) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
Line 238: | Line 200: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Vowels and approximants | === Vowels and approximants === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | | ||
!Front | !Front | ||
!Central | !Central | ||
!Back | !Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Approximant | ! colspan="2" |Approximant | ||
| j | |*j | ||
| | | | ||
|w | |*w | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" |High | ! rowspan="2" |High | ||
|i | !Tense | ||
| rowspan="2" |ɨ | |*i | ||
|u | | rowspan="2" |(*ɨ) | ||
|*u | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ɪ | !Lax | ||
|ʊ | |(*ɪ) | ||
|(*ʊ) | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" |Mid | ! rowspan="2" |Mid | ||
|e | !Tense | ||
| rowspan="2" |ə | |*e | ||
|o | | rowspan="2" |(*ə) | ||
|*o | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ɛ | !Lax | ||
|ɔ | |(*ɛ) | ||
|(*ɔ) | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Low | ! colspan="2" |Low | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |*a | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Prosody === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | ! | ||
Line 295: | Line 262: | ||
|à (Grave accent) | |à (Grave accent) | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Orthography === | === Orthography === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!N. | !N. | ||
Line 379: | Line 270: | ||
!IPA | !IPA | ||
!Name | !Name | ||
! | !Original pronunciation | ||
!Source language | |||
!N. | !N. | ||
!Letter | !Letter | ||
!IPA | !IPA | ||
!Name | !Name | ||
! | !Original pronunciation | ||
!Source language | |||
!N. | !N. | ||
!Letter | !Letter | ||
! IPA | ! IPA | ||
!Name | !Name | ||
! | !Original pronunciation | ||
!Source language | |||
|- | |- | ||
!1 | !1 | ||
Line 395: | Line 289: | ||
! /m/ | ! /m/ | ||
|e'''m''' | |e'''m''' | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
!2 | !2 | ||
Line 400: | Line 295: | ||
! /i/ | ! /i/ | ||
|'''i''' | |'''i''' | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
!3 | !3 | ||
Line 405: | Line 301: | ||
!/k/ | !/k/ | ||
|'''k'''ii | |'''k'''ii | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 411: | Line 308: | ||
! /j/ | ! /j/ | ||
|'''j'''aɪ | |'''j'''aɪ | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
!5 | !5 | ||
Line 416: | Line 314: | ||
! /u/ | ! /u/ | ||
|'''u''' | |'''u''' | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
!6 | !6 | ||
Line 421: | Line 320: | ||
!/a/ | !/a/ | ||
|'''a''' | |'''a''' | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 427: | Line 327: | ||
!/p/ | !/p/ | ||
|'''p'''ii | |'''p'''ii | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
!8 | !8 | ||
Line 432: | Line 333: | ||
!/w/ | !/w/ | ||
|'''w'''ii | |'''w'''ii | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
! 9 | ! 9 | ||
Line 437: | Line 339: | ||
!/n/ | !/n/ | ||
|e'''n''' | |e'''n''' | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 443: | Line 346: | ||
!/t/ | !/t/ | ||
|'''t'''ii | |'''t'''ii | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
!11 | !11 | ||
Line 448: | Line 352: | ||
!/l/ | !/l/ | ||
|e'''l''' | |e'''l''' | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
!12 | !12 | ||
Line 453: | Line 358: | ||
!/s/ | !/s/ | ||
|e'''s''' | |e'''s''' | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 459: | Line 365: | ||
!/b/ | !/b/ | ||
|'''b'''ii | |'''b'''ii | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
!14 | !14 | ||
Line 464: | Line 371: | ||
!/ŋ/ | !/ŋ/ | ||
|e'''ŋ''' | |e'''ŋ''' | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
!15 | !15 | ||
Line 469: | Line 377: | ||
! /e/ | ! /e/ | ||
|'''e''' | |'''e''' | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 475: | Line 384: | ||
!/o/ | !/o/ | ||
|'''o''' | |'''o''' | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
! 17 | ! 17 | ||
Line 480: | Line 390: | ||
!/g/ | !/g/ | ||
|'''g'''ii | |'''g'''ii | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
!18 | !18 | ||
Line 485: | Line 396: | ||
!/h/ | !/h/ | ||
|'''h'''eɪtʃ | |'''h'''eɪtʃ | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 491: | Line 403: | ||
!/d/ | !/d/ | ||
|'''d'''ii | |'''d'''ii | ||
| | |||
|English | |English | ||
!20 | !20 | ||
Line 496: | Line 409: | ||
!/r/ | !/r/ | ||
|e'''r'''e | |e'''r'''e | ||
| | |||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
!21 | !21 | ||
Line 501: | Line 415: | ||
!/f/ | !/f/ | ||
|e'''f'''e | |e'''f'''e | ||
| | |||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 507: | Line 422: | ||
!/ɲ/ | !/ɲ/ | ||
|e'''ɲ'''e | |e'''ɲ'''e | ||
| | |||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
! 23 | ! 23 | ||
Line 512: | Line 428: | ||
!/ʃ/ | !/ʃ/ | ||
|'''ʃ'''e | |'''ʃ'''e | ||
| | |||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
!24 | !24 | ||
Line 517: | Line 434: | ||
!/ʔ/ | !/ʔ/ | ||
|gi'''ʔ'''on | |gi'''ʔ'''on | ||
| | |||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 523: | Line 441: | ||
!/ɛ/ | !/ɛ/ | ||
|'''ɛ''' | |'''ɛ''' | ||
| | |||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
!26 | !26 | ||
Line 528: | Line 447: | ||
!/ɔ/ | !/ɔ/ | ||
|'''ɔ''' | |'''ɔ''' | ||
| | |||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
!27 | !27 | ||
Line 533: | Line 453: | ||
!/z/ | !/z/ | ||
|'''z'''eta | |'''z'''eta | ||
| | |||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 539: | Line 460: | ||
!/ʒ/ | !/ʒ/ | ||
|e'''ʒ'''e | |e'''ʒ'''e | ||
| | |||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
!29 | !29 | ||
Line 544: | Line 466: | ||
!/v/ | !/v/ | ||
|'''v'''e | |'''v'''e | ||
| | |||
|Spanish | |Spanish | ||
!30 | !30 | ||
Line 549: | Line 472: | ||
!/ɾ/ | !/ɾ/ | ||
|ɛ'''ɾ''' | |ɛ'''ɾ''' | ||
| | |||
|Russian | |Russian | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 555: | Line 479: | ||
!/ə/ | !/ə/ | ||
|'''ə''' | |'''ə''' | ||
| | |||
|Russian | |Russian | ||
!32 | !32 | ||
Line 560: | Line 485: | ||
!/x/ | !/x/ | ||
|'''x'''a | |'''x'''a | ||
| | |||
|Russian | |Russian | ||
!33 | !33 | ||
Line 565: | Line 491: | ||
!/ɨ/ | !/ɨ/ | ||
|'''ɨ''' | |'''ɨ''' | ||
| | |||
|Russian | |Russian | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 571: | Line 498: | ||
!/ʈ/ | !/ʈ/ | ||
|'''ʈ'''e | |'''ʈ'''e | ||
| | |||
|French | |French | ||
!35 | !35 | ||
Line 576: | Line 504: | ||
!/ɪ/ | !/ɪ/ | ||
|'''ɪ''' | |'''ɪ''' | ||
| | |||
|Korean | |Korean | ||
!36 | !36 | ||
Line 581: | Line 510: | ||
!/ɣ/ | !/ɣ/ | ||
|'''ɣ'''a | |'''ɣ'''a | ||
| | |||
|Japanese | |Japanese | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 587: | Line 517: | ||
!/c/ | !/c/ | ||
|'''c'''ii | |'''c'''ii | ||
| | |||
|Chinese | |Chinese | ||
!38 | !38 | ||
Line 592: | Line 523: | ||
!/ʊ/ | !/ʊ/ | ||
|'''ʊ''' | |'''ʊ''' | ||
| | |||
|Italian | |Italian | ||
!39 | !39 | ||
Line 597: | Line 529: | ||
!/ɳ/ | !/ɳ/ | ||
|ɛ'''ɳ''' | |ɛ'''ɳ''' | ||
| | |||
|German | |German | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 603: | Line 536: | ||
!/ɟ/ | !/ɟ/ | ||
|'''ɟ'''ə | |'''ɟ'''ə | ||
| | |||
|Hindi | |Hindi | ||
!41 | !41 | ||
Line 608: | Line 542: | ||
!/ɭ/ | !/ɭ/ | ||
|ɛ'''ɭ'''i | |ɛ'''ɭ'''i | ||
| | |||
|Portuguese | |Portuguese | ||
!42 | !42 | ||
Line 613: | Line 548: | ||
!/β/ | !/β/ | ||
|'''β'''ee | |'''β'''ee | ||
| | |||
|Dutch | |Dutch | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 619: | Line 555: | ||
!/ɻ/ | !/ɻ/ | ||
|ɛ'''ɻ''' | |ɛ'''ɻ''' | ||
| | |||
|Ukrainian | |Ukrainian | ||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
! | ! | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
=== Phonotactics === | === Phonotactics === | ||
These lists of sound changes are applicable in order in [http://www.zompist.com/sca2.html SCA2]. | These lists of sound changes are applicable in order in [http://www.zompist.com/sca2.html SCA2]. | ||
== Morphology == | |||
==Morphology== | |||
== Lexicon == | == Lexicon == | ||
=== Nouns === | |||
=== Adjectives === | |||
=== Verbs === | |||
=== Adverbs === | |||
=== Particles === | |||
== Syntax == | |||
=== Constituent order === | |||
=== Noun phrase === | |||
=== Verb phrase === | |||
=== Sentence phrase === | |||
=== Dependent clauses === | |||
== Other resources == | |||
== Example texts == | |||
[[Category:PPA]] | [[Category:PPA]] |
Latest revision as of 16:38, 21 July 2024
Prime Pidgin of Antarctica (PPA) | |
---|---|
Prime Antarctic Pidgin (PAP) | |
Antarctic | |
(Official language) | |
Flag of United Nations of Antarctica | |
Created by | Caesar05 |
Date | 2021 |
Setting | Trinity Peninsula (de facto), Antarctic Peninsula (de jure) |
Native to | United Nations of Antarctica, Esperanza Base |
Ethnicity | Antarctic |
Extinct | ∼2250 |
Pidgin
| |
Early form | Various 21st century languages
|
Dialect | |
Trinity Peninsula |
Introduction
Classification
Various 21st century languages of Antarctica |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Linguistic history of Antarctica
Language | Words |
---|---|
English | 467 |
Spanish | 248 |
Russian | 105 |
French | 32 |
Korean | 30 |
Japanese | 29 |
Chinese | 28 |
Italian | 23 |
German | 18 |
Hindi | 17 |
Portuguese | 15 |
Dutch | 14 |
Norwegian | 10 |
Polish | 10 |
Ukrainian | 5 |
Afrikaans | 4 |
Xhosa | 4 |
Zulu | 4 |
Swedish | 4 |
Finnish | 3 |
Czech | 2 |
Romanian | 2 |
Bulgarian | 2 |
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dento-Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
Nasal | *m | *n | (*ɳ) | (*ɲ) | *ŋ | ||
Plosive | Voiceless | *p | *t | (*ʈ) | (*c) | *k | (*ʔ) |
Voiced | *b | *d | (*ɟ) | *g | |||
Fricative | Voiceless | *f | *s | (*ʃ) | (*x) | *h | |
Voiced | (*v) | (*z) | (*ʒ) | (*ɣ) | |||
Liquid | Rhotic | (*β) | *r | (*ɻ) | (*ɾ) | ||
Lateral | *l | (*ɭ) |
Vowels and approximants
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Approximant | *j | *w | ||
High | Tense | *i | (*ɨ) | *u |
Lax | (*ɪ) | (*ʊ) | ||
Mid | Tense | *e | (*ə) | *o |
Lax | (*ɛ) | (*ɔ) | ||
Low | *a |
Prosody
Complex | Simplified | Diacritic | |
---|---|---|---|
High | ˦˥ | ˦ | á (Acute accent) |
Mid | ˦˧˨ | (˧) | a (Without accent) |
Low | ˨˩ | ˨ | à (Grave accent) |
Orthography
N. | Letter | IPA | Name | Original pronunciation | Source language | N. | Letter | IPA | Name | Original pronunciation | Source language | N. | Letter | IPA | Name | Original pronunciation | Source language |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | m | /m/ | em | English | 2 | i | /i/ | i | English | 3 | c | /k/ | kii | English | |||
4 | y | /j/ | jaɪ | English | 5 | u | /u/ | u | English | 6 | a | /a/ | a | English | |||
7 | p | /p/ | pii | English | 8 | w | /w/ | wii | English | 9 | n | /n/ | en | English | |||
10 | t | /t/ | tii | English | 11 | l | /l/ | el | English | 12 | s | /s/ | es | English | |||
13 | b | /b/ | bii | English | 14 | ng | /ŋ/ | eŋ | English | 15 | e | /e/ | e | English | |||
16 | o | /o/ | o | English | 17 | g | /g/ | gii | English | 18 | h | /h/ | heɪtʃ | English | |||
19 | d | /d/ | dii | English | 20 | r | /r/ | ere | Spanish | 21 | f | /f/ | efe | Spanish | |||
22 | ñ | /ɲ/ | eɲe | Spanish | 23 | ch | /ʃ/ | ʃe | Spanish | 24 | - | /ʔ/ | giʔon | Spanish | |||
25 | é | /ɛ/ | ɛ | Spanish | 26 | ó | /ɔ/ | ɔ | Spanish | 27 | z | /z/ | zeta | Spanish | |||
28 | ll | /ʒ/ | eʒe | Spanish | 29 | v | /v/ | ve | Spanish | 30 | р | /ɾ/ | ɛɾ | Russian | |||
31 | а | /ə/ | ə | Russian | 32 | х | /x/ | xa | Russian | 33 | ы | /ɨ/ | ɨ | Russian | |||
34 | tt | /ʈ/ | ʈe | French | 35 | ㅣ | /ɪ/ | ɪ | Korean | 36 | ガ | /ɣ/ | ɣa | Japanese | |||
37 | 七 | /c/ | cii | Chinese | 38 | ù | /ʊ/ | ʊ | Italian | 39 | nk | /ɳ/ | ɛɳ | German | |||
40 | ज | /ɟ/ | ɟə | Hindi | 41 | lh | /ɭ/ | ɛɭi | Portuguese | 42 | wh | /β/ | βee | Dutch | |||
43 | р' | /ɻ/ | ɛɻ | Ukrainian |
Phonotactics
These lists of sound changes are applicable in order in SCA2.