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| == Etymologies possibly linked to Nostratic == | | == Agriculture and vegetation == |
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| |
|
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| !Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | | !Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean |
| | !Category |
| !Meaning | | !Meaning |
| !Eurasiatic
| |
| |-
| |
| |*[k]°rd°
| |
| |a bird of prey
| |
| |*KVrdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*[ts]°n[ts]°
| |
| |a biting insect
| |
| |*CVnCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*n°
| |
| |a deictic element
| |
| |*nV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*n°
| |
| |a demonstrative element
| |
| |*nV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tʼ°k° *dw°kʼ°
| |
| |a horned animal
| |
| |*ṭVkV (*dwVḳV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |*m°r°
| |
| |a kind of berry
| |
| |*mVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tʃʼw°ʢkʼ°
| |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*[č`w]VHḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*[ts]°m°
| |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*CVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*[ts]°m°
| |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*CVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*ʢal°kʼ°
| |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*HalVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*ʢal°kʼ°
| |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*HalVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*kjama
| |
| |a kind of (aquatic) bird
| |
| |*k[i̯a]ma
| |
| |-
| |
| |*kaɴ°
| |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*kaNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*kaɴ°
| |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*kaNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*kʼuɦʎ°
| |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*ḳUĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*kʼuɦʎ°
| |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*ḳUĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*k°pʼ°
| |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*kVṗV
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*kVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*kwVtV
| |
| |-
| |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*kwVtV
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*ĺVkĺVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*sVgV
| |
| |-
| |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of bird | | |} |
| |*SVlwV | | |
| | == Animals == |
| | |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | !Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean |
| | !Category |
| | !Meaning |
| |- | | |- |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*SVlwV
| |
| |-
| |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of bird
| |
| |*ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of bird (gallinacean)
| |
| |*KVwrV
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of bone
| |
| |*c`iŋu
| |
| |-
| |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of cereal
| |
| |*lVnṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of cereal | | |} |
| |*lVnṭV | | |
| | == Kinship == |
| | |
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | !Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean |
| | !Category |
| | !Meaning |
| |- | | |- |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of duck
| |
| |*ṭVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| | | | | |
| |a kind of duck or hen | | |mother |
| |*ṭVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of fish
| |
| |*č`VHmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |(a) kind of fish
| |
| |*kećä
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of fish
| |
| |*kVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of fish
| |
| |*kVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of fish; salmon
| |
| |*ńowŋa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of fruit
| |
| |*mVsV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of fruit
| |
| |*mVsV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of gallinacean bird
| |
| |*KVwrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of grass
| |
| |*wVĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of grass
| |
| |*wVĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of grass
| |
| |*cVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of horned animal
| |
| |*mula
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of horned animal
| |
| |*mula
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tʃjuːppa *tʃjuːppu
| |
| |a kind of insect
| |
| |*či̯ū́ p𝑖̯ū́𝑝a ( ~ -u)
| |
| |-
| |
| |*[k]uɦm°
| |
| |a kind of insect
| |
| |*KUmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*[k]uɦm°
| |
| |a kind of insect
| |
| |*KUmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of insect
| |
| |*ḳUṭḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of insect
| |
| |*ḳUṭḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of insect
| |
| |*lVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of insect
| |
| |*m[a]ŋi
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of insect
| |
| |*mVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of insect
| |
| |*mVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of insect
| |
| |*pUḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of insect
| |
| |*pVN(T)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of insect
| |
| |*ṗVnǯV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of insect, louse
| |
| |*ṗVnǯV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of liquid
| |
| |*c`UtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of onion
| |
| |*sUŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of predator
| |
| |*bVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of predator
| |
| |*KVrdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of rodent
| |
| |*[xq̇]wĕ[l]ʕǝ́
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of sack
| |
| |*lVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of tree
| |
| |*jVwV (*ʔVjwV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of tree
| |
| |*jVwV (*ʔVjwV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of tree
| |
| |*kojw[a]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of tree
| |
| |*NEḳrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of tree
| |
| |*ʔilVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of ungulate
| |
| |*cVHnV ( ~ *c`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of ungulate
| |
| |*CVxnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of ungulate
| |
| |*mVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of vessel
| |
| |*ḳVwKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of vessel
| |
| |*pVNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a kind of water bird (gull)
| |
| |*sVgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a part of leg, foot
| |
| |*lVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a small animal
| |
| |*cwVkV ( ~ čw-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a stinging insect
| |
| |*mVwć`wV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |a stinging insect
| |
| |*pUḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |all
| |
| |*eli
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |all, join
| |
| |*kalV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tʃakiː
| |
| |an insect; a kind of insect
| |
| |*čă k𝑎̆𝑘i
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |an insect
| |
| |*mVwcwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |an internal organ
| |
| |*CV(n)CV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |an ungulate
| |
| |*morV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |angry
| |
| |*jVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |animal hair
| |
| |*mVńCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |animal hair
| |
| |*mVńcV ( ~ -c`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |antelope
| |
| |*gujrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |antelope
| |
| |*gujrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |arm
| |
| |*gara
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |arm
| |
| |*küjnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |arm
| |
| |*lVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |arm, leg
| |
| |*ćVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |armpit
| |
| |*ḳVwVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |army, people
| |
| |*čVbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ashes, burn 1; light 2
| |
| |*ṗVdwV 1; *pi̯ŏ t𝑖̯𝑜̆𝑡e ( ~ -t-, *pi̯ă t𝑖̯𝑎̆𝑡u) 2
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ashes, dirt
| |
| |*ṗVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |back
| |
| |*dVgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |back
| |
| |*gedV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |back
| |
| |*gedV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |back
| |
| |*sVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |back
| |
| |*tVbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |back
| |
| |*tVbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |back
| |
| |*ʔarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |back
| |
| |*ʔarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |back, rear
| |
| |*kuNṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |back, side
| |
| |*ṗVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bad
| |
| |*bVHCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bad
| |
| |*ʔVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bad
| |
| |*ʔVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bad, dirty
| |
| |*darV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bad, dirty
| |
| |*darV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bad, evil
| |
| |*bVHCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bad, harm
| |
| |*sogwV ( ~ š-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bark
| |
| |*ḳerV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bark
| |
| |*ḳerV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bark
| |
| |*ḲopV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bark
| |
| |*ḲopV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bark
| |
| |*ḳuLV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bark
| |
| |*ḳVrṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bark, cover
| |
| |*ṭUgV ( ~ -H-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bark, peel
| |
| |*ḳuLV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bark, skin
| |
| |*ḳVrṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |basket
| |
| |*ḳocV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |basket
| |
| |*ḳoćV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |be angry
| |
| |*kwVrV (~ gw)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |be angry
| |
| |*kwVrV (~ gw)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |be destroyed, fall apart
| |
| |*HVŕV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |be full
| |
| |*ḳOṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |be full, complete
| |
| |*ḳOṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |be ill
| |
| |*lVχV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |be ill
| |
| |*lVχV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |be satiated
| |
| |*HVwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |be smooth
| |
| |*gVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |be visible, see
| |
| |*nVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |beat
| |
| |*biχV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |beat
| |
| |*biχV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |beat
| |
| |*ṭoḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |beat
| |
| |*ṭoḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |beat, break
| |
| |*buṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |beat, hit
| |
| |*SUTV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |beat, hit
| |
| |*SUTV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |beat, hit
| |
| |*ṭapħa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |beat, hit
| |
| |*ṭapħa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bee
| |
| |*ṗVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bee, insect
| |
| |*ṗVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |behind, buttock
| |
| |*[šw]VtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |behind, buttock
| |
| |*SVtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |belly
| |
| |*wa[n]čV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |belly
| |
| |*wa[n]ʒ́wV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |belly, entrails
| |
| |*gwVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |belly, heart
| |
| |*kuŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |belly, heart
| |
| |*kuŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |belly, intestines
| |
| |*gUtV / *kUtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |belly, intestines
| |
| |*gUtV / *kUtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |belly, liver
| |
| |*gwVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |belly, stomach
| |
| |*Ḳarbi
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |belly, stomach
| |
| |*Ḳarbi
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |below
| |
| |*HalV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |below
| |
| |*HalV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bend
| |
| |*ḳVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bend
| |
| |*ḳVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bend
| |
| |*ṭoŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |berry
| |
| |*mVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big
| |
| |*mVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big
| |
| |*t`VwjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big
| |
| |*wol[a]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big
| |
| |*wol[a]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big fish
| |
| |*ḳUlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big fish
| |
| |*ḳUlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big tree
| |
| |*dVnwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big tree
| |
| |*dVnwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big, full
| |
| |*tVdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big, heavy
| |
| |*pVKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big, large
| |
| |*mVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big, thick
| |
| |*č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big, thick
| |
| |*č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big, thick
| |
| |*tVdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big, very
| |
| |*ʔVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |big, very
| |
| |*ʔVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bile
| |
| |*bišV ( ~ -č`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bind
| |
| |*KuTV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bind
| |
| |*KVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |birch
| |
| |*kojw[a]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bird
| |
| |*[č`w]VHḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bird
| |
| |*HVwjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bird
| |
| |*HVwjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bird's tail
| |
| |*ṗVńcwV ( ~ -c`w-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bite, chew
| |
| |*käjwV (-b-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bite, tear
| |
| |*ḳVCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |biting insect
| |
| |*CVnCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bitter
| |
| |*gVcwV(~-čw-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bitter
| |
| |*sVbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bitter, gall
| |
| |*bišV ( ~ -č`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bitter, sour
| |
| |*gVcwV(~−č𝑤𝑉(~-čw- )
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |black
| |
| |*ḳarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |black
| |
| |*ḳarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |black
| |
| |*ʔVbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |black
| |
| |*ʔVbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |black, dark
| |
| |*ḳUmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |black, dark
| |
| |*ḳUmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |black, dark
| |
| |*mVCHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |black, dark; black
| |
| |*nal-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |black, night
| |
| |*sVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |black-cock
| |
| |*ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blade, awl
| |
| |*ʔVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blade, whetstone
| |
| |*ʔVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blister, abscess
| |
| |*HVlVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blister, wound
| |
| |*HVlVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood
| |
| |*bUjlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood
| |
| |*bUjlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood
| |
| |*ḳVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood
| |
| |*wirV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood
| |
| |*ʔVsxV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood, blood vessel
| |
| |*ḳVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood, breath
| |
| |*HwinV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood, breath
| |
| |*ʔVsxV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood, red
| |
| |*ḳurV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood, red
| |
| |*ḳurV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood, spirit; spirit; blood
| |
| |*cwVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood; marrow
| |
| |*mVLV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blood; red
| |
| |*wirV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blue
| |
| |*swVNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |blue
| |
| |*swVNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |board, stick
| |
| |*ṭVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |body
| |
| |*bVdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |body, belly
| |
| |*bVdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |boil
| |
| |*borV, *buŕa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |boil
| |
| |*borV, *buŕa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |boil, burn
| |
| |*ḳVju
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bone
| |
| |*girV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bone
| |
| |*girV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bone
| |
| |*HV(w)[č`]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bone
| |
| |*HV(w)čV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bone
| |
| |*ḳač`V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bone
| |
| |*ḳaCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bone
| |
| |*ʒ́VmV (*c`iŋu)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bone, tooth
| |
| |*ṗVjNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bone, tooth
| |
| |*ṗVjNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bosom
| |
| |*ʔVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bosom
| |
| |*ʔVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bovine; horse
| |
| |*luwV (*luɣV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bow
| |
| |*büḲa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bow, arc
| |
| |*ṭoŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bow, lean
| |
| |*tajV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |brain
| |
| |*mVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |brain
| |
| |*mVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |brain, head
| |
| |*wVṭV(mV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |brain, marrow; head
| |
| |*wVṭV(mV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |branch
| |
| |*rVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |branch, rod
| |
| |*rVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |branch, stick
| |
| |*HelV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |branch, twig, rod
| |
| |*šVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |break, chop
| |
| |*cVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |break, split
| |
| |*buṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |breast
| |
| |*[c]V(n)ʒwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |breast
| |
| |*ḳerdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |breast
| |
| |*ṗome
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |breast, belly
| |
| |*ʔudV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |breast, udder
| |
| |*mälgi
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |breast, udder
| |
| |*mälgi
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |breath, smell
| |
| |*sVwHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bright
| |
| |*bVrḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bright
| |
| |*ʔVǯV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bright
| |
| |*ʔVǯV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |brown
| |
| |*boŕa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |brown
| |
| |*boŕa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |brown, dark
| |
| |*KVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |brown, yellow
| |
| |*KVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |bug, flea
| |
| |*ŋalmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |build, house
| |
| |*dwVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn; bonfire
| |
| |*mūga
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn
| |
| |*ṗaĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn
| |
| |*ṗaĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn
| |
| |*ṗVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn
| |
| |*wVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn
| |
| |*wVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn, bake
| |
| |*buKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn, boil; burn, kindle
| |
| |*t`èmo ( ~ t-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn, fire
| |
| |*qoṭi
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn, fire
| |
| |*qoṭi
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn, fire
| |
| |*t`ülV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn, hot coals
| |
| |*gUrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn, hot coals
| |
| |*gUrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn, roast
| |
| |*buKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn, roast, dry
| |
| |*ḳVńV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn, shine
| |
| |*Cajŋa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burn, shine
| |
| |*ʒajŋa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |burst
| |
| |*paḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |butterfly
| |
| |*ṗVrṗVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |butterfly
| |
| |*ṗVrṗVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |buy, sell
| |
| |*ṗVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |calf
| |
| |*ṗVrV ( ~ p-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |calf, bull
| |
| |*ṗVrV ( ~ p-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cattle; horse
| |
| |*morV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cave, hole
| |
| |*ḳVjwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cave, hole
| |
| |*ḳVjwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cheek
| |
| |*ṗVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |chest, belly
| |
| |*bUrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |chest, belly
| |
| |*bUrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |child
| |
| |*mVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |child, to bear
| |
| |*berV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |child, to bear
| |
| |*berV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |chin
| |
| |*kenV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |chin
| |
| |*kenV (*kVngV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |chin, beard; cheek bone
| |
| |*čò k𝑜̀𝑘e ( ~ -i̯u-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |chin, jaw
| |
| |*kVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |chop
| |
| |*cVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |chopped piece, to cut
| |
| |*ḳUṭV (*ḳVtV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |clan member
| |
| |*ʔarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |clay, mud
| |
| |*pVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |clay, mud
| |
| |*pVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |clothing
| |
| |*ḳa(j)dV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cloud
| |
| |*bVl(w)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cloud
| |
| |*bVl(w)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |coals, burn
| |
| |*CuxLV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |coals, soot, burn
| |
| |*CuxLV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cold
| |
| |*[z]VrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cold
| |
| |*KurV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cold
| |
| |*KurV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cold
| |
| |*SVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cold
| |
| |*ʒ́VrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cold, frost
| |
| |*SVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |come, go; rise
| |
| |*Horä
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |coniferous tree
| |
| |*pVnč`wV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |coniferous tree, resin
| |
| |*pVnč`wV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |corner, enclosure
| |
| |*ḳVnVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |corner, wall
| |
| |*ḳVnVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |court, enclosure
| |
| |*dwVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cover
| |
| |*ṭUgV ( ~ -H-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cover, close
| |
| |*ḳaṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cover, close
| |
| |*ḳaṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |crane
| |
| |*kar-/*ker-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |crane
| |
| |*kar-/*ker-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |crust
| |
| |*c`VrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |curved, bent
| |
| |*ḳUrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cut
| |
| |*čVḳV ( ~ *č`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cut
| |
| |*ḳUṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cut
| |
| |*ḳVc`V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cut
| |
| |*kVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |cut, sharp
| |
| |*CarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dark
| |
| |*HamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dark
| |
| |*rVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dark
| |
| |*rVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dark
| |
| |*sVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dark
| |
| |*ṭVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dark
| |
| |*ṭVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dark, black; dark
| |
| |*muṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dark, black
| |
| |*mVCHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dark, black; dark
| |
| |*sVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dark, cloudy
| |
| |*muṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |darkness, night
| |
| |*kVcwV ( ~ -čw-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dawn
| |
| |*gojńV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dawn, light
| |
| |*gojńV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dawn, light
| |
| |*lVwŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dawn, noon
| |
| |*lVwŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |day, shine
| |
| |*dʷVjɣV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |day, shine
| |
| |*dʷVjɣV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |day, sun, light
| |
| |*ŋera
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |decease
| |
| |*ŋVwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |deer
| |
| |*mVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |deer
| |
| |*ʔelV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |deer
| |
| |*ʔelV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |deer, antilope
| |
| |*ʔoru
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |deer, he-goat
| |
| |*pOgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |demonstrative pronoun
| |
| |*mV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |demonstrative pronoun
| |
| |*mV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |demonstrative pronoun
| |
| |*ṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |demonstrative pronoun
| |
| |*ṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |demonstrative pronoun
| |
| |*ḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |demonstrative pronoun
| |
| |*sV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dew, liquid
| |
| |*rVCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |die, finish
| |
| |*muṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |die, starve
| |
| |*HwelV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |die; kill
| |
| |*nek'-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dig, hack
| |
| |*ḳVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |direction, road
| |
| |*gwVCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |direction, road, pass
| |
| |*gwVCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dirt
| |
| |*böḳa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dirt
| |
| |*c`VrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dirt
| |
| |*c`VrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dirt
| |
| |*kodV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dirt
| |
| |*kodV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dirt
| |
| |*lVḳwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dirt, earth
| |
| |*magV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dirt, faeces
| |
| |*[ʒ]VḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dirt, faeces
| |
| |*SVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dog
| |
| |*KUCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dog
| |
| |*ḳVpV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dog
| |
| |*ḳVpV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dog
| |
| |*ŋindV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dog
| |
| |*ŋindV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dog
| |
| |*ŋVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dog, wolf
| |
| |*bVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dog, wolf
| |
| |*KUCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dog, wolf
| |
| |*ŋVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dream
| |
| |*CVm(ŋ)V
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | | | | |
| |drink
| |
| |*jVgU
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |drink, liquid
| |
| |*CUtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |drink, swallow
| |
| |*ʔEmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |drink, water
| |
| |*HVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dry
| |
| |*gwVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dry
| |
| |*ḳVjwV(rV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dry
| |
| |*ḳVjwV(rV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dry
| |
| |*kVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dry
| |
| |*kVk𝑉𝑘V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dry
| |
| |*KVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dry
| |
| |*ḳVs(w)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dry
| |
| |*sušV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dry
| |
| |*śušV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dry, burn
| |
| |*gwVlV (*/ḳ/alV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dung, mud
| |
| |*ḳorV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dust
| |
| |*bur(H)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dust
| |
| |*bur(H)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dust, ashes
| |
| |*ṭVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dust, ashes, smoke
| |
| |*ṭVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dust, dirt
| |
| |*böḳa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dwelling
| |
| |*gülV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |dwelling
| |
| |*gülV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ear
| |
| |*KVrWV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ear
| |
| |*KVrWV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |early
| |
| |*ʔVCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |early
| |
| |*ʔVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |early
| |
| |*ʔVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |early, dawn
| |
| |*ʔVcwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |earth
| |
| |*DVG-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |earth
| |
| |*DVG-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |earth
| |
| |*magV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |earth, dust
| |
| |*ṭVŕV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |earth, dust
| |
| |*ṭVŕV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |eat
| |
| |*tin-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |eat
| |
| |*UNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |eat, drink
| |
| |*UNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |edge; top, summit
| |
| |*cimu ( ~ ć-, č-, č`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |edge
| |
| |*Hońća
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |edge
| |
| |*HońcV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |edge
| |
| |*mVcV ( ~ -c`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |edge
| |
| |*ṗerV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |edge
| |
| |*PVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |edge
| |
| |*PVlV (*ṗVlV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |edge, side
| |
| |*mVcV ( ~ -c`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |edge, side
| |
| |*ṗerV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |egg
| |
| |*ṭUĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |egg
| |
| |*ṭUĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |elbow, forearm
| |
| |*c`VjḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |elbow, knee
| |
| |*küjnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |elder brother or sister
| |
| |*ʔaḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |elder brother/sister
| |
| |*eńV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |elder male relative, father
| |
| |*ʔVṭV (*tajV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |elder relative
| |
| |*ʔaḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |elder relative
| |
| |*ʔVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |elm
| |
| |*ʔilVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |enclosure
| |
| |*gErV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |enclosure
| |
| |*gVrdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |enclosure
| |
| |*gVrdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |enclosure
| |
| |*wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |enclosure, yard
| |
| |*dwVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |enclosure, yard
| |
| |*gErV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |end; mouth
| |
| |*[s]UwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |enemy
| |
| |*ḳarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |enemy
| |
| |*ḳarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |evening
| |
| |*SVKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |evening
| |
| |*sVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |evening
| |
| |*ʒwVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |evening, sleep
| |
| |*ʒwVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |extinguish
| |
| |*sun(d)V ( ~ ś-, š-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |eye, see
| |
| |*HuḲa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |eye, see
| |
| |*HuḲa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |eye, see
| |
| |*HwVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |eyebrow (> eyelid); hair of head
| |
| |*SVmrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |face
| |
| |*mVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |face, chin
| |
| |*kVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |face, forehead
| |
| |*pVNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |face, head
| |
| |*mVĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |face, head
| |
| |*mVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |face, head
| |
| |*pVNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |face, nose, mouth
| |
| |*mVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |face, skin on head
| |
| |*mVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fall
| |
| |*ḳVtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fall, descend
| |
| |*HewV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fall, descend, disappear
| |
| |*HewV(jV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |far; next
| |
| |*ḳUlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fart
| |
| |*PV[s]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fart
| |
| |*PVSV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fat
| |
| |*gwVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fat
| |
| |*gwVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fat, intestines
| |
| |*sebV ( ~ ś-, š-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |father
| |
| |*aṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| | | | | |
| |father | | |father |
| |*aṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |feather
| |
| |*ṗVĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |feather, tail
| |
| |*ṗVĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |female
| |
| |*nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |female
| |
| |*ṗenV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |female genitalia
| |
| |*mVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |female genitalia
| |
| |*mVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |female in-law
| |
| |*kälU
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |female in-law
| |
| |*kälU
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |female relative
| |
| |*eńV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |female relative
| |
| |*mVjNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |female relative
| |
| |*mVjNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |female relative
| |
| |*natV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |female relative
| |
| |*natV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fence, enclosure
| |
| |*wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fight, kill
| |
| |*HwelV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |finger
| |
| |*pVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |finger, claw
| |
| |*č`wVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |finger, claw
| |
| |*č`wVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |finger, fingernail
| |
| |*pVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |finger, toe
| |
| |*ḳVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire
| |
| |*CVCxV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire
| |
| |*dʷVɣV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire
| |
| |*dʷVɣV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire
| |
| |*ṗVxwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire
| |
| |*ṗVxwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire
| |
| |*zVcwxV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire, burn
| |
| |*HenkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire, burn
| |
| |*HenkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire, burn
| |
| |*nVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire, burn
| |
| |*ŋera
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire, burn
| |
| |*ṗVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire, burn
| |
| |*ʔumV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire, burn
| |
| |*ʔumV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire, to strike fire
| |
| |*cVḳV ( ~ *č-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fire, warmth
| |
| |*lVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |first person pronoun
| |
| |*ŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |first person pronoun
| |
| |*mV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |first person pronoun (exclusive)
| |
| |*ŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fish
| |
| |*č`VHmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fish
| |
| |*dVgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fish
| |
| |*dVgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fist
| |
| |*mVǯHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fist, handle
| |
| |*ṗVnḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fist, wrist
| |
| |*kompV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fist; squeeze with a fist, crumple
| |
| |*mVǯHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flat
| |
| |*lVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flat
| |
| |*lVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flat
| |
| |*ṭaPV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flat
| |
| |*ṭaPV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flat, level
| |
| |*ṗVlHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flat, level
| |
| |*ṗVlHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flat, plain
| |
| |*ṭalV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flea
| |
| |*pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flea
| |
| |*pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flesh, blood; flesh, fat
| |
| |*SVĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flesh, fat
| |
| |*c`ebV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flesh, fat
| |
| |*swVĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flow
| |
| |*ńVjrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flow
| |
| |*ńVjrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flow, gush
| |
| |*bVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |flow, gush
| |
| |*bVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fly
| |
| |*ṗarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fly
| |
| |*ṗarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fly, flea
| |
| |*ṗVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fly, midge
| |
| |*ṗVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fog
| |
| |*musV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |food
| |
| |*HVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |food, eat
| |
| |*HVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |foolish, deceive
| |
| |*tVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |foot, knee
| |
| |*bVl(m)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |foot, sole
| |
| |*ṗVHdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |foot, toe
| |
| |*ḳVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |forest, wilderness
| |
| |*ni̯VnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |four
| |
| |*NVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fox
| |
| |*[čw]VlɣV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fox, weasel
| |
| |*[čw]VlɣV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fragile
| |
| |*lVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fringe, thread
| |
| |*sVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fringe, thread
| |
| |*śVŋV ( ~ *ć`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |frog
| |
| |*gwVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |frog
| |
| |*gwVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |front
| |
| |*HalV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |front
| |
| |*HanṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |front
| |
| |*HanṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |front; front, breast
| |
| |*ʔedV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |front, breast
| |
| |*mVńV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |front, breast
| |
| |*mVńV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |front, breast
| |
| |*ʔedV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |front, nose
| |
| |*newRV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |front, outside
| |
| |*HalV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |frost, cold
| |
| |*pič`V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |frozen snow
| |
| |*čVgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |frozen snow
| |
| |*čVgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fruit
| |
| |*bVrq̇wV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |fruit
| |
| |*bVrq̇wV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |full
| |
| |*HVp`V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |full
| |
| |*HVPVTV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |full
| |
| |*malV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |full
| |
| |*ṭVngV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |full
| |
| |*ṭVngV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |full
| |
| |*tVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |full, all
| |
| |*wV(n)CV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |full, all
| |
| |*wV(n)CV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |full, fill
| |
| |*ṭVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |furrow
| |
| |*HarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |furrow, hoe
| |
| |*HarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |gather, assemble; buy, assemble
| |
| |*ṗVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |genitalia
| |
| |*ḳUṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |genitalia
| |
| |*ḳUṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |get in pairs, pair > two
| |
| |*malV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |get, obtain
| |
| |*ga
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |gift, allotment
| |
| |*ajṭV ~ *amṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |gift, allotment
| |
| |*ajṭV ~ *amṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |give
| |
| |*ćwVHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |glittering
| |
| |*gi[ɫ]ħu
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |glittering
| |
| |*gi[ɫ]ħu
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |glue
| |
| |*[c]VbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |glue, join
| |
| |*ćabV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |go astray, fall apart
| |
| |*HVŕV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |go, come
| |
| |*HVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |go, follow
| |
| |*HVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |goat
| |
| |*ṭVkV (*dwVḳV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |goat, deer
| |
| |*ʔoru
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |goat, ram, deer
| |
| |*pOgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |good
| |
| |*mVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |good
| |
| |*näḳi
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |good (of soul)
| |
| |*näḳi
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |good, big
| |
| |*bVtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |good, fit
| |
| |*dUgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |good, new
| |
| |*wVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |good, proper
| |
| |*ʔVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |good, take care
| |
| |*ʔVjsV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |goose
| |
| |*ĺVkĺVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grain
| |
| |*SVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grain
| |
| |*SVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grasp
| |
| |*kamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grasp
| |
| |*kamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grasp, seize, press
| |
| |*HamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grass
| |
| |*kuCu
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grass, reed
| |
| |*ćVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grass, twigs
| |
| |*c`UlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grass, vegetables
| |
| |*kuč`u
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grey
| |
| |*c'VjrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grey
| |
| |*c'VjrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grind
| |
| |*nVq̇V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |grind
| |
| |*nVq̇V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |gum, resin, mud
| |
| |*ṗoŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |gums; part of face, gums
| |
| |*ńVjlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |guts, inside
| |
| |*oŕV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hack
| |
| |*ṭanV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*cVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*k`VSV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*nVwrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*nVwrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*ŋVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*p`un(́)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*p`un(́)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*pUdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*sVHrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*sVHrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*ṭVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*ṭVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*k`VSV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair, beard
| |
| |*Ḳila
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair, eyebrow
| |
| |*burV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair, feather
| |
| |*pUdV (*HapUdV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair, hair of head
| |
| |*burV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair, head
| |
| |*q̇irV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair, rope
| |
| |*ŋVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair, stalk
| |
| |*Ḳila
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hair, tail
| |
| |*sVPV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |half, part
| |
| |*palV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hand
| |
| |*mVńV ( / *mVń-rV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hand
| |
| |*mVńV ( / *mVń-rV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hand(ful)
| |
| |*kompV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hand, arm
| |
| |*bVgu
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hand, arm
| |
| |*udV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hand, bone
| |
| |*ŋVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hand, elbow
| |
| |*ŋVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hand, fist
| |
| |*ṗVnḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hand, limb
| |
| |*udV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hard
| |
| |*ḳVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hard, bone
| |
| |*ḳVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hard, firm
| |
| |*pVKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |harm, deceive
| |
| |*sogwV ( ~ š-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |harsh, ragged
| |
| |*c`VrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |head
| |
| |*q̇irV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |head, back of head
| |
| |*ḳapV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hear
| |
| |*sVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hear
| |
| |*SVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hear, ear
| |
| |*ḳiwlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hear, ear; hear; ear
| |
| |*me-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |heart
| |
| |*sVʎV(mV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |heart
| |
| |*śVʎV(mV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |heart, breast
| |
| |*ḳerdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |heat
| |
| |*[H]indV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |heavy, labour
| |
| |*mVnḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |herd
| |
| |*cVčV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |high
| |
| |*berg[i]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |high
| |
| |*berg[i]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |high
| |
| |*TVGV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hill
| |
| |*tujpV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hill, rock
| |
| |*bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hill, top
| |
| |*tujpV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hit
| |
| |*wVdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hit
| |
| |*wVdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hole
| |
| |*HangV (*wonkV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hole
| |
| |*k`VCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hole
| |
| |*ḳUrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hole
| |
| |*wonkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hole, cavity
| |
| |*ḳVwVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hole, empty
| |
| |*gop`a
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hole, empty
| |
| |*gop`a
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hole, mouth
| |
| |*k`VCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hole, vulva
| |
| |*p`u[ṭ]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hollow
| |
| |*HVlwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hollow, cavity
| |
| |*HVlwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hoof
| |
| |*ḳäṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hoof
| |
| |*ḳäṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hoof
| |
| |*sUdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hoof
| |
| |*ṭUṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hoof, finger(nail); hoof
| |
| |*ṭUṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hoof, hoof deformation
| |
| |*c`UdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |horn
| |
| |*ḳirV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |horn
| |
| |*mVrgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |horn; root
| |
| |*mVrgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |horned animal
| |
| |*bVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |horned animal
| |
| |*bVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |hot, warm
| |
| |*ṗäḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |house
| |
| |*pVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |house
| |
| |*ʔU[ṭ]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |house, village; village, hut
| |
| |*ḳojmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |humid, wet
| |
| |*mVk`V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |I, myself
| |
| |*ʔVkV (*ʔVgV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |I, myself; we [first person pronoun]
| |
| |*ʔVkV (*ʔVgV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |I, we [first person pronoun]
| |
| |*mV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ice, cold
| |
| |*jVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ice, cold
| |
| |*jVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ill, die
| |
| |*m[ä]rV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ill, die
| |
| |*m[ä]rV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |insect, vermine
| |
| |*tVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |insect, vermine
| |
| |*tVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |insect, worm
| |
| |*ḳwVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |insect, worm
| |
| |*lVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |inside, stomach
| |
| |*ʔudV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |interrogative or relative pronoun
| |
| |*ŋiV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |interrogative or relative pronoun
| |
| |*ŋiV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |interrogative pronoun
| |
| |*ḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |interrogative pronoun
| |
| |*mV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |intestine
| |
| |*[c']VlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |intestine
| |
| |*ć'VlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |intestine
| |
| |*ḳUʒwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |intestines
| |
| |*ḳUʒ́wV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |intestines; stomach, intestines
| |
| |*ḳVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |intestines
| |
| |*lVŋ(d)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |intestines
| |
| |*oŕV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |jaw, palate
| |
| |*ʔVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |jaw, palate
| |
| |*ʔVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |joint, limb
| |
| |*bVgu
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |joy
| |
| |*bVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |joy, desire
| |
| |*bVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |juice, ferment
| |
| |*sVḳV ( ~ š-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |jump, run
| |
| |*lVKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |kidney, heart
| |
| |*lVŋ(d)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |kill
| |
| |*KolV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |kill
| |
| |*ḳVwχV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |knee
| |
| |*bVl(m)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |knee, ankle
| |
| |*sVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |knife, cut, break
| |
| |*kUŋ[d]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |know
| |
| |*ṭanV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |know, hear; know
| |
| |*ṭanV (*-ŋ-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |know, name
| |
| |*nerV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |large fish
| |
| |*lVmbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |large predator
| |
| |*zīwe(ŋkV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |large predator
| |
| |*zīwe(ŋkV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |large, heavy
| |
| |*sUrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |large, heavy
| |
| |*sUrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |laugh
| |
| |*gUlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |laugh, merry
| |
| |*gUlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leaf
| |
| |*bolV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leaf
| |
| |*bolV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leaf
| |
| |*lVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leaf tree
| |
| |*ṗVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leaf tree
| |
| |*ṗVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leaf, bark
| |
| |*lVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leaf, branch
| |
| |*HelV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leaf, flower; bud
| |
| |*pòŋa ( ~ *p`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leaf; reed
| |
| |*HVrVlV (*HVlVrV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leg
| |
| |*ɫaḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leg
| |
| |*ɫaḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leg, arm
| |
| |*ḳVwlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |leg, limb
| |
| |*ḳVwlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |level ground
| |
| |*ṭalV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |lick
| |
| |*laḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |lick
| |
| |*laḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |lick
| |
| |*lašV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |lick
| |
| |*lašV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |lick, drink
| |
| |*talV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |lie
| |
| |*ḳVwjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |light, burn
| |
| |*Howri
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |light, burn
| |
| |*Howri
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |light, loose
| |
| |*SulV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |light, shine
| |
| |*HVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |light, shine
| |
| |*HVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |light, shine
| |
| |*jVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |light, shine
| |
| |*jVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |light, shine
| |
| |*mVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |limb
| |
| |*ṗVHdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |lip, soft excrescence
| |
| |*kanpV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |lip, soft excrescence
| |
| |*kanpV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |liquid
| |
| |*GurV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |liquid
| |
| |*GurV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |liquid
| |
| |*lVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |liquid
| |
| |*lVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |liquid
| |
| |*sVwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |liquid
| |
| |*śVwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |liquid, dirt
| |
| |*lVḳwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |liquid, flow
| |
| |*L[ä]jV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |liver
| |
| |*pi̯ā̀ki
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |liver
| |
| |*ponta
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |liver, belly
| |
| |*tVrV(ŋV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |liver, intestines; blood, marrow
| |
| |*mVLV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |lizard, slug
| |
| |*mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |lizard, worm
| |
| |*mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |loins, groin
| |
| |*zVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |long
| |
| |*tel(ḥ)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |long
| |
| |*tel(ḥ)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |long bone
| |
| |*śVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |long hair, tail
| |
| |*[s]VPV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |long, far
| |
| |*ḳUlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |long, high
| |
| |*HVgU
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |long, wide
| |
| |*wVŕV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |long, wide
| |
| |*wVŕV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |loose
| |
| |*SulV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |loose(n)
| |
| |*lVCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |louse
| |
| |*pVN(T)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |louse
| |
| |*ṭäjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |louse
| |
| |*ṭäjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |louse, nit
| |
| |*ñejV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |love, good
| |
| |*ʔVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |luminary
| |
| |*mVnzV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |luminary
| |
| |*mVnʒ́V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |lung, liver
| |
| |*pVjLV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |lung, spleen
| |
| |*pVjLV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |male
| |
| |*gVntV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |male
| |
| |*gVntV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |male, male child
| |
| |*mVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |man
| |
| |*ḳaćV ( ~ -ć`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |man
| |
| |*mänV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |man
| |
| |*mänV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |many
| |
| |*m[o]nV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |many
| |
| |*m[o]nV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |many
| |
| |*ṗalV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |many
| |
| |*ṗV(H)-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |many, big
| |
| |*bVtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |many, full
| |
| |*ṗalV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |marsh
| |
| |*[sw]VjmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |marsh, uncultivated land
| |
| |*[sw]VjmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |marten
| |
| |*ḳ[u]nV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |marten
| |
| |*ḳ[u]nV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |meat
| |
| |*ńVḳV(rV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |meat
| |
| |*sUḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |meat
| |
| |*ʔomsV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |meat
| |
| |*ʔomśV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |meat, animal
| |
| |*cVč𝑉čV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |meat, deer
| |
| |*sUḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |meat, liver
| |
| |*mVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |meat, liver
| |
| |*mVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |meat, roe, intestines
| |
| |*ńVḳV(rV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |member of the clan
| |
| |*ʔarV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |moisture
| |
| |*mVtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |moisture
| |
| |*mVtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |moon, heavenly body
| |
| |*ṭVlgV(nV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |moon, luminary
| |
| |*ṭVlgV(nV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |morning
| |
| |*ṗuKdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |morning / evening
| |
| |*HamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |morning ~ evening
| |
| |*SVKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |morning, clear sky
| |
| |*ŋańV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |moth
| |
| |*kuńV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mother
| |
| |*ʔVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mother
| |
| |*ʔVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mother
| |
| |*ʔVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mother, woman
| |
| |*ʔVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mountain
| |
| |*balV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mountain
| |
| |*malV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mountain
| |
| |*malV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mountain
| |
| |*wVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mountain
| |
| |*wVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mountain, high
| |
| |*TVGV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mountain, hill
| |
| |*balV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mountain, hill
| |
| |*gʷVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mountain, hill
| |
| |*gʷVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mountain, top
| |
| |*ṗVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mountain, top
| |
| |*ṗVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mouse
| |
| |*cVḳV ( ~ *c`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mouse, squirrel
| |
| |*CVḳV (*cwVkV ( ~ čw-))
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mouse, squirrel
| |
| |*gʷVĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mouth
| |
| |*[s]UwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mouth, hole
| |
| |*HVwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mouth, hole
| |
| |*HVwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mouth; eat
| |
| |*č`VmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mouth; speak
| |
| |*ʔVpV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mouth; to speak
| |
| |*ʔVpV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mud, dung
| |
| |*ḳorV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mud; gum, resin
| |
| |*ṗoŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |multitude; be satiated
| |
| |*HVwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mushroom, fungus
| |
| |*pUtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |mushroom, sponge
| |
| |*pUtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |naked, take off clothes
| |
| |*luku
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |name
| |
| |*ĺVm(ŋ)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |name
| |
| |*ĺVm(ŋ)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |name
| |
| |*ṗVtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |name, call
| |
| |*ṗVtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |name, shape
| |
| |*šamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nape, back
| |
| |*[s]VKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nape, back
| |
| |*śVKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nape; back
| |
| |*dVgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |narrow
| |
| |*č`VnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |narrow
| |
| |*ṭijV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |narrow, thin
| |
| |*č`VnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |near
| |
| |*ʔVbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |neck
| |
| |*ḳVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |neck, collar
| |
| |*kVŋkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |neck, throat
| |
| |*HVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |neck, throat
| |
| |*ḳVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |neck, vertebra
| |
| |*nVKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |negative particle
| |
| |*ʔVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |negative particle
| |
| |*ʔVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |negative verb
| |
| |*ʔe
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |new
| |
| |*žVjŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |new, fresh
| |
| |*CVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |new, good
| |
| |*žVjŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |new, young
| |
| |*CVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |new, young
| |
| |*wVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |night
| |
| |*HUdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |night
| |
| |*kVcwV ( ~ -čw-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |night
| |
| |*lVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |night
| |
| |*lVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |night, dawn; morning, clear sky
| |
| |*ŋańV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |night, sleep
| |
| |*HUdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |night, sleep
| |
| |*zVNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |night, sleep
| |
| |*ʒ́iNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |night, sleep
| |
| |*ʔamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nit
| |
| |*ñejV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nit, louse
| |
| |*sajrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nit, louse
| |
| |*sajrV ( ~ *ś-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nose
| |
| |*ḳVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nose
| |
| |*ḳVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nose
| |
| |*ne(H)wRV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nose
| |
| |*ŋVkCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nose
| |
| |*wiKV (*ujKV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nose
| |
| |*wiKV (*ujKV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nose, nostril
| |
| |*CVxrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nose, nostril
| |
| |*cwVxrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |not
| |
| |*ʔVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |not, negative particle
| |
| |*ʔVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |not, negative verb
| |
| |*ʔe
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |notch, sign
| |
| |*gVrVbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |now; new
| |
| |*nVwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |now; new
| |
| |*nVwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |numerous, full
| |
| |*tVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |nut, fruit; nut
| |
| |*ar-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |old
| |
| |*gwVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |old
| |
| |*gwVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |old
| |
| |*zVr(d)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |one
| |
| |*sem-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |one
| |
| |*ʔUdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |one
| |
| |*ʔUdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |one
| |
| |*ʔVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |one
| |
| |*ʔVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |one, finger
| |
| |*dwV(j)ḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |one, finger
| |
| |*dwV(j)ḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |one, self
| |
| |*ʔo(ŋ)nV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |onion, odorous grass
| |
| |*sUŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |open
| |
| |*ṗan[c]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |open space
| |
| |*ʔVrHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |open space
| |
| |*ʔVrHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |open, hole
| |
| |*HangV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |open; hole
| |
| |*ʔaḳa
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |order, custom
| |
| |*nerV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |original place
| |
| |*ni̯VnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |other; other side
| |
| |*aĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |other
| |
| |*gUjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |other
| |
| |*gwVjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pain, wound
| |
| |*mVnḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |painful state, grief
| |
| |*gilV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |painful state, grief
| |
| |*gilV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pair, one of a pair
| |
| |*gagtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |palate, tongue
| |
| |*ŋVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |palate, tongue
| |
| |*ŋVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |palm; hand 1, palm 2
| |
| |*caʷlǝʒǝ- 1, *cälmǝ 2
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |palm (of hand)
| |
| |*ṗVlŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |palm of hand, handful
| |
| |*ṗVlŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |part of face
| |
| |*ńVjlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |part of nose
| |
| |*ŋVk[čw]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |part of nose
| |
| |*t`ā́nV ( ~ -ē-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |part of shoulder
| |
| |*čVKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |part of shoulder, joint
| |
| |*čVKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |paw, grasp
| |
| |*gEpSV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |paw, hand
| |
| |*gEpčwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |peg, nail
| |
| |*ɣoŋɣV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |peg, nail (bite 1; break, peck 2)
| |
| |*ḳUjḳV (*kikV 1; *ḳVkV 2)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |peg, root
| |
| |*ḳUjḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |penis
| |
| |*bVĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |penis
| |
| |*bVĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |penis
| |
| |*ṗacV ( ~ -c`-, -č-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |penis
| |
| |*ṗaćV ( ~ -ć`-, -č-) (*pVjcV ( ~ -č-))
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |people, army
| |
| |*čVbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |place
| |
| |*baja
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |place
| |
| |*baja
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pleasure, satisfaction
| |
| |*ṭVrṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |plenty, abundant
| |
| |*malV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pond
| |
| |*küɫä
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pond
| |
| |*küɫä
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pool, low ground
| |
| |*laḳwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pool, low ground
| |
| |*laḳwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pot
| |
| |*ṗVdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pot
| |
| |*ṗVdV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pot
| |
| |*pVNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pray
| |
| |*mVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |prohibitive / negative particle
| |
| |*ma
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |prohibitive particle, not
| |
| |*ma
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pus, rot
| |
| |*[č]iru
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |pus, rot
| |
| |*Ciru
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |push, move
| |
| |*ńukV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |quick
| |
| |*ṭurV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |quick
| |
| |*ṭurV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |quick, swift
| |
| |*pV[ṭ]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rain, fog, steam
| |
| |*musV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rain, pour
| |
| |*HVrćV ( ~ -ć`-) (*rVCV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rare
| |
| |*HVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rare, new; rare
| |
| |*HVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |reed
| |
| |*HVrVlV (*HVlVrV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |relative-in-law
| |
| |*tajV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ring, hook
| |
| |*ḳVCV (*kVCV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ring, spool
| |
| |*ḳVč`V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rise
| |
| |*ŋwVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rise, stand up
| |
| |*HVgU
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rise, up
| |
| |*ʔVpV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rise, up
| |
| |*ʔVpV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |road
| |
| |*ʔur(H)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |road
| |
| |*ʔur(H)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |road, walk
| |
| |*mVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rod, strap
| |
| |*lVgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rod, strap
| |
| |*lVgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |roe; inside
| |
| |*t`VrV(ŋV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |root, bone
| |
| |*tV(H)mV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |root, bone
| |
| |*tV(H)mV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |root, herb
| |
| |*wVr[t]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |root, herb
| |
| |*wVr[t]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |*aʡul°
| |
| |root, seed > settlement
| |
| |*aHulV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |root, sprout
| |
| |*ḲurV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |root, stalk
| |
| |*ḲurV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rope, thread
| |
| |*wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |round
| |
| |*ḳoĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |round
| |
| |*ḳoĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |round
| |
| |*ṭompV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |round, convex
| |
| |*ṭompV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rump, buttocks
| |
| |*kuNṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |rump, neck
| |
| |*nVKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |run
| |
| |*bok[a]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |run
| |
| |*bok[a]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |run, drive
| |
| |*ʔurKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sack, bag
| |
| |*lVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |salt
| |
| |*CalV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |salt, bitter
| |
| |*sVbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |salt, sea
| |
| |*čwalV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |salty, sour
| |
| |*č`VmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |salty, sour
| |
| |*cwVwVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sand
| |
| |*ki[ǯ]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sand
| |
| |*kiCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |satisfaction
| |
| |*ṭVrṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |say
| |
| |*tVHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |say, call
| |
| |*wVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |say, sound
| |
| |*čVwV ( ~ *č`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |say, sound
| |
| |*čVwV ( ~ *č`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |scab
| |
| |*pVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |scatter, sift
| |
| |*ś(w)VcwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |scrape, scraper
| |
| |*ḳwVnCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |scrape, scraper
| |
| |*ḳwVncwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |scratch
| |
| |*wVrcwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |scratch, scrape
| |
| |*ḳVSV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |scratch, scrape
| |
| |*wVrcwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sea
| |
| |*jamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sea, shallow
| |
| |*sVjɣwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sea, water
| |
| |*jamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sea, water
| |
| |*sVjɣwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |second person pronoun
| |
| |*χwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |second person pronoun, thou
| |
| |*nV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |second person pronoun, thou
| |
| |*si
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |second person pronoun, thou
| |
| |*ṭ[u]
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |see, eye
| |
| |*ʔVnjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |seed, kin
| |
| |*ṗVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |seed, kin
| |
| |*ṗVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |seed; to sift
| |
| |*sVjHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |seize
| |
| |*HamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |self
| |
| |*ʔo(ŋ)nV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |separate, split
| |
| |*bedV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |settlement
| |
| |*aHulV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |settlement
| |
| |*palVHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |settlement
| |
| |*palVHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shape
| |
| |*šamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sharp
| |
| |*Hoḳi
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sharp object
| |
| |*CVNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sharp point, tooth
| |
| |*Hoḳi
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sharp stick
| |
| |*c`iĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sharp stick
| |
| |*c`iĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sharp, to whet
| |
| |*pVxwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sharp, to whet
| |
| |*pVxwV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shell
| |
| |*kV(n)ḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shell, bark
| |
| |*kV(n)ḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shin, shank
| |
| |*ḳVnčV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shin, thigh
| |
| |*ḳVnčV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shine, bright
| |
| |*bVrḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shine, burn
| |
| |*mVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shine, burn (several roots)
| |
| |*belV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shine, glitter
| |
| |*belV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shine, glitter
| |
| |*laṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shine, light
| |
| |*bVɣV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shine, light
| |
| |*bVɣV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shine; burn
| |
| |*leuk-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shoulder
| |
| |*tVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shoulder, arm
| |
| |*tVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shoulder, shoulder-blade
| |
| |*ṗVŋV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |shout; shout, roar
| |
| |*rewǝ-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |show, point at
| |
| |*tVjḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sick, ill
| |
| |*ēco ( ~ -ć-, -č-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |side
| |
| |*bVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |side (of body)
| |
| |*bVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sinew; root
| |
| |*SirV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sinew; root
| |
| |*SirV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |single, first
| |
| |*sVnV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |single; apart, asunder
| |
| |*sVnV ( ~ š-, c`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sister, woman
| |
| |*SäwCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sister, woman
| |
| |*SäwCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin
| |
| |*ḲaĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin
| |
| |*ḲaĺV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin
| |
| |*perV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin
| |
| |*perV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin
| |
| |*ṗVtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin
| |
| |*ṗVtV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin
| |
| |*ṭVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin
| |
| |*ṭVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin, bark
| |
| |*pVkV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin, crust, peel
| |
| |*kamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin, hair
| |
| |*ṭVwq̇V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin, hair on body
| |
| |*ṭVwq̇V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skin, husk
| |
| |*kamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |skull
| |
| |*ḳapV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sky, cloud
| |
| |*HaḳumV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sky, cloud
| |
| |*HaḳumV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |slanting
| |
| |*kVCV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sleep
| |
| |*ʔamV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |slide, creep
| |
| |*[ʒ]VlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |slime
| |
| |*SVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |slime, dirt
| |
| |*SVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |small
| |
| |*cVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |small
| |
| |*CVḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |small
| |
| |*ḳVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |small
| |
| |*ṭijV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |small bird
| |
| |*ciṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |small bird
| |
| |*ciṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |small female animal
| |
| |*ṗenV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |small, thin, short
| |
| |*ṭVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |small, young
| |
| |*ḳVṭV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |small; child
| |
| |*pVwjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |small; child
| |
| |*pVwjV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smear
| |
| |*cwVHmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smear, fat
| |
| |*mVjrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smear, fat
| |
| |*mVjrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smear; fat
| |
| |*ć`ämV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smell
| |
| |*[s]VwHV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smell
| |
| |*ṗunV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smell
| |
| |*sun(g)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smell
| |
| |*śun(g)V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smell, breathe, smoke
| |
| |*ṗunV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smile
| |
| |*mUc`V ( ~ -s-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smoke
| |
| |*ǯun[k]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smoke
| |
| |*ǯun[k]V
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smoke, cloud
| |
| |*nVbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smoke, cloud
| |
| |*nVbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |smooth
| |
| |*gVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |something sharp
| |
| |*CVNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |snake
| |
| |*nētr-
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |snake
| |
| |*ṗVjmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |snake
| |
| |*ʔanKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |snake
| |
| |*ʔanKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |snake, eel
| |
| |*lVmbV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |soft, fragile
| |
| |*lVmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |soft, mild
| |
| |*mVlV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |soft, weak
| |
| |*lVjńV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |soft, wet
| |
| |*LVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |soft, wet
| |
| |*LVṗV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |soul, breath; steam, spirit
| |
| |*mùsi
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sour
| |
| |*CVwVrV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sour, bitter
| |
| |*č`VmV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sour, ferment
| |
| |*sVḳV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-)
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |span
| |
| |*ṭVgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |span
| |
| |*ṭVgV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |speak, say, sound
| |
| |*jVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |speak, sound
| |
| |*jVnV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spin, twist
| |
| |*ṗuNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spin, twist *ṗuNV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spirit *cwVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spit *ṭupV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spit *ṭupV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spit, fang *ḳiwHV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spit, fang *ḳiwHV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spleen *lVṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spleen *lVṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spleen *tV(H)ʎV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spleen, liver *tV(H)ʎV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |split *cVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |split, tear off *CVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spread *ṗVrjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spread, extend *CVχrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spread, long *pVdV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spring *PVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spring, flow *bira (*bujra)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |spring, flow *bira (*bujra)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sprinkle *p`iSV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sprinkle *p`isV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stalk *kanVbV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stalk, peg *kanVbV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stand *čwVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |star *dVštV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |star, luminary *HVzwVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |star, moon *dV[š]tV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |star, shine *HVźVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stem, board *ṭVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |steppe, valley, meadow *ColV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |steppe, valley, meadow *ColV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stick *bVč`V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stick *ḳVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stick *ḳVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stick into, pierce *bedV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stick, pole *bVč`V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stick, tree *ḳUrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stick, tree *ḳUrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stomach, intestines *ḳVmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stone *ḳElV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stone *kiwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stone *ṭ/aj/lV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stone *ṭ/aj/lV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stone, hill *bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stone, mountain *kiwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stone, rock *ḳElV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |storm *burV ( >> *p-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |storm *burV ( >> *p-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stream, flow of water *Huwa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stream, flow of water *Huwa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stump *ṭumgV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |stump, trunk *ṭumgV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |suck *SUṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |suck *zUkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |suck, swallow *muḳV swallow, gobble
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sufficient, complete *eli
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sun *si̯aχu (-ɣ-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sun *si̯aχu (-ɣ-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sun, day *daŋ 'dawn'; *tianta 'sun'
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |swamp *laHm[u]
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |swamp *laHm[u]
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sweep *šwxVjṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sweet *cwVtu
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |sweet, tasty *cwVtu
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tail *ḳudV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tail *ḳudV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tail *toḳE
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tail *toḳE
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tail, (long) hair *ṗVńcwV ( ~ -ćw−,−č𝑤-,-čw-, -ǯ-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tail, back *śVrV back
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |take *ga
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |take *ʔanV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |take, bring *gerV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |take, bring *tVKV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |take, carry *ʔVpV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |take, get *gVṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |take, grasp *kantV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |take, seize *ʔVpV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |taste *ṭVHmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |taste *xamV, *xamŋV; *xamŋV 'mouth'
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |temple, hair on temple *cVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ten, many *ṗV(H)-
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tent *ʔU[ṭ]V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |testicle *ḳoĺV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |testiculus *ḳoĺV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |that, that near *ʔVbV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |that, this *ʔa (*ʔe)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |that, this *ʔu
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |that, this *ʔu
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |that, this *ʔa (*ʔe) (probably *Ha that, *He this)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thick *ṭujV (*ṭVwjV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thick *ṭVkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thick, full *ṭVkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thick, swell *bongä
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thick, swell *bongä
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thigh *bVgtV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thigh *bVgtV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thigh, leg *ṗVǯkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thigh, rump *ṗVǯkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thin *cUṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thin *ṭVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thin, narrow *ćUṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thing *HVdV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thing; interrogative stem *HVdV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |third person pronoun *sV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |this *cV ( ~ č-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |this *cV ( ~ č-, ć-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |this *ḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |this *ʔi (*hi)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |this *ʔi (*hi)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thorn *ʒwVgV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thorn *ʒ́wVgV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thorny bush *NEḳrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thou (oblique forms) [second person pronoun] *χwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thou [second person pronoun] *nV thou
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |thou [second person pronoun] *ṭ[u]
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |throat *HVŋV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |throat, intestines *kUṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |throat, swallow *kUlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |throat, to swallow *kUlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tickle *cVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tie, weave *tVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tip, spout *CVCV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tip, spout *čVčV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to approach, follow *ŋāńi
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to ask, pray *ṗVrXV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to ask, pray *ṗVrXV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bare teeth *mUCV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be *buHi
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be *woɣlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be *woɣlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be *ʔa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be *ʔa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be *ʔesA
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be *ʔesA
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be angry *kVCV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be angry, hostile *kVCV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be completed, exhausted *ṭVkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be lost, exhausted *ṭVkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be mad, stupid *buḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be visible *HwVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be well *c`olHV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be well *ColHV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be, live *ʔelA
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to be, live *ʔelA
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bear *š[e]wV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bear *š[e]wV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bear *ṭVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bear, lift *ṭVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to beat *ṗVṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to beat *ṗVṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to beat, hit *ḳVwχV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend *büḲa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend *cVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend *Garḳu
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend *Garḳu
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend *guḳa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend *guḳa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend *güpA
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend *ḳVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend *ḳVŋV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend *ɫoŋḳa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend, bow *ɫoŋḳa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend, turn *KUrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bend; hump, heap *güpA
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bind, girdle *KuTV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bind, harness *taxlwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bite *kikV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bite, taste *ṭVHmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to blink, shine, shade *c`ajV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to blink, shine, shade *CajV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to blow *dVwɣV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to blow *p`uSV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to blow *p`uSV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to blow *ṗuɣV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to blow *ṗuɣV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to blow, shake *dVwɣV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to blow, winnow *Hewa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to blow, winnow *Hewa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to boil, foam *ḳüpä
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to boil, foam *ḳüpä
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to boil, roast *gVbV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bore, dig *lUŋ(k)V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to bow, bend *cVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to break, crumble *ṗVSV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to break, cut, wound *ʔVrHwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to break, scatter, tear *ʔVrHwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to breathe *HwinV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to breathe *ʔanqV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to breathe *ʔanqV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn */ḳ/alV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn *ć`wVwV (*HVwć'wV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn *cwVwV (*HVwcwV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn *dekO
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn *dekO
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn *Hase
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn *HaSe
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn *ḳVńV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn *ṗVdwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn *ṭülV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn, bake *kVwrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn, bake *kVwrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn, boil *ḳVju
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn, flash *CVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to burn, heat *gVbV
| |
| |
| |
| |- | | |- |
| | | | | |
| |to burn, sun *nVjV
| |
| | | | | |
| |-
| |
| | | | | |
| |to burst, split (many roots) *paḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to call *CVḥV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to call *gVjwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to call *gVjwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to call *ḳErV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to call *ḳErV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to care *č`VrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to care *čVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to change, borrow *HVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to change, distribute *HVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to chew *käjwV (-b-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to collect, count *lVkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to collect, count *lVkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to collect, put *ṗanV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to complete *muṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cover *ḳa(j)dV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cover, protect *ḳVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to covet sexually *gʷVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to covet sexually *gʷVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cross, other side *aĺV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to crush *pi(u)čV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to crush, press *ṗVjńV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to crush, squeeze *pi(u)CV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cry *muɣrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cry, shout *ḳVwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to curse, be angry *jVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cut *ɣVcV ( ~ -c`-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cut *ɣVčV ( ~ -č`-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cut *ḳVć`V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cut *mVc`V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cut *ṭanV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cut, knife *kVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cut, sharp *CarV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cut, split *sVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cut, split *śVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to cut, tear *mVCV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to deceive *tVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to die, kill *KolV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to dig, hack *ḳVṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to divide, cut in half *palV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to drink *jVgU
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to drink, flow *tVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to dry *KVmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to dry *šwVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to dry *šwVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to dry up, extinguish *sun(d)V ( ~ š-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to eat *ʒeGV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to eat *ʒeGV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to eat *ʔitV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to eat *ʔitV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to eat, gulp *ḳVmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to eat, gulp *ḳVmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to enter, go *ŋēni
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to fall *ḳVtV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to fall *ṗeṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to fall, (down) *ṗeṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to fall, fly *ṗVjlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to fall, soar *ṗVjlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to fear, be angry *belHi
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to fear, be scared *belHi
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to ferment, squeeze juice *zUkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to fill, stuff *ṭVmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to finish *ḳUdV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to finish *ḳUdV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to fit, be good *dUgV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to fit, be good *ḳVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to flash, shine *CVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to flow, pour *tUKV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to get *gVṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to give *be[rH]u
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to give *be[rH]u
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to give *cwVHV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to give *dwV[H]V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to give *dwV[H]V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to give birth, family *KVmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to gnaw *kVngV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to go *gVwV / *gwVjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to go *meŋV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to go, come *ŋēni (also *ŋāńi)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to go, come *ʒ́wVHV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to go, come, drive *ʒwVHV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to go, follow *gVwV / *gwVjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to go, walk *mVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to grasp *HaṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to grasp *HaṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to grasp *ḳaṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to grasp *ḳaṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to grasp, seize *[p]itV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to grow *zVr(d)V ( ~ *ʒ-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to grow, become *buHi
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to hang *tajV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to hang down; stand *[s]VŋʒwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to harm, break *kUŋ[d]V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to hate, be annoyed *CVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to hate, be annoyed *ǯVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to hear *ḳiwlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to hide, protect *ḳVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to hide, secret *KuĺV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to hit, break *ḳVkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to hit, push *mVqwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to hold *gerV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to hold, seize *ʔanV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to howl, cry *wVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to howl, cry *wVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to join, together *anTV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to join, together *anTV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to jump, run *lVKV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to kindle, dry *ḳVs(w)V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to know *cwVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to know *g(w)enV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to know *g(w)enV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to know, consider *CVḥV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to know, think *ćwVnV (also *sVnV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to know, think *sVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to lead *wetV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to lead, to go *wetV (also *dwVwV 'run')
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to let, agree *šVwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to lick *l[a]pV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to lick *talV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to lick, swallow *lVm(ŋ)V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to lick; lip *l[a]pV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to lie *ḳVwjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to lie, fall down *kVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to lie, sleep (also 'fall') *kVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to listen, hear *alV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to listen, hear *alV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to live *ḥujV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to live *ḥujV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to look, show *tVjḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to lose, hide *KuĺV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to make *wärV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to make *wärV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to marry *KVmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to match, fit *ḳVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to melt, flow *dVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to melt, flow *dVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to mix, join *kalV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to move *SVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to move *SVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to move quickly *ńowda
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to move quickly, pursue *ńowda
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to move, push *mVqwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to move, step *ćeKV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to open, spread *ṗanCV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to open, spread *ʔaḳa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to peel, naked *luku
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to pierce *CoḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to pierce *CoḳV (also *čVḳV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to plait *źVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to plait, something plaited *zVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to plait, weave *HUbV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to plait, weave *HUbV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to plait, weave, rope *rVCV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to plant vertically *tIgwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to polish, rub *ṗIḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to pour *L[ä]jV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to pour *lVHwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to pour *ṗVHV to pour, drink
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to pour, drink *ṗVHV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to pour, drop *tUKV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to pour, stream *ʒwVHlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to prepare food *piCV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to prepare food *piCV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to press, seize *ńamV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to press, seize *ńamV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to pull *ṭVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to pull, stretch *ṭVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to push, beat *nVq̇V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to push, beat *nVq̇V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to push, pull *ńukV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to put *ṗanV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to receive (+ bestow) *HVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to rise *kVdwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to rise *kVdwV to rise
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to rise, raise *ḲaLi
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to rise, raise *ḲaLi
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to rise; move, go *Horä
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to roll *HUlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to roll *HUlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to roll, twist *murV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to rub, crumble *ṗVšV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to rub, scratch *ṗIḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to run *dwVwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to run *ḳacwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to run *ṭoKV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to run *ṭoKV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to run *ʔurKV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to run, road *ṭVŕgV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to say *tVHV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to say, call *wVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to say, pray *mVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to scatter *s(w)VcwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to scrape *ḳirV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to scrape *ḳirV; also *gVrV scratch, *gVrVbV notch, sign
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to scrape *ḳV[sw]V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to scratch *gVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to scratch *xVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to scratch *xVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to see *ʔVwʒwV(HV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to see, eye *silV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to see, eye *wEdwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to see, eye *ʔVnjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to see, guard *HwVjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to see, guard *HwVjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to see, inspect *silV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to see, know *šVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to see, know *šVḳV ( ~ *ć`w-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to see, know, search *wEdwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to see, perceive *ʔVwCV(HV) (also *ʔincV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to seize, press *[p]itV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to shake *dVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to shine, be visible *nVkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to shine, glitter, flash *laṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to shout, sound *ḳVwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to sift *sVjHV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to sink *č`VṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to sink *č`VṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to slide, creep *ʒVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to speak *ḥVwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to speak *ḥVwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to speak *watV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to speak *watV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to speak, shout *sVjwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to speak, shout *sVjwV ( ~ *ś-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to speak, sound *muɣrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to spin, plait *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to spin, wind *KVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to split, bore *lUŋ(k)V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to spread *ṗVrjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to spread, long *pVdV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to spread, strew *CVχrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stand *čwVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stand *sVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stand, hang down *sVŋʒ́V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stand, plant vertically *tIgwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stand, rise *ŋwVkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stay *menV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stay, be, stand *nV(w)HV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stay, reside *menV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stick in, pierce *NEgV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stick in, pierce *NEgV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stir, mix *bulV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stir, puddle *bulV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to stretch, stand *nV(w)HV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to strike fire *cVḳV ( ~ *č-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to submerge *kUdV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to suck *[c`w]VṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to suck *ʔEmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to suck *CVrbV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to suck, leech *[c]VrbV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to suffer *C(w)VHrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to suffer *c`VHrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to suffer *dVwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to suffer, die *dVwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to suffer, die *enV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to suffer; pain *enV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to suffice, be full *cwalV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to swallow *HVṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to swallow *L[ü]ḳa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to swallow *L[ü]ḳa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to swallow *lVm(ŋ)V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to swallow *Sem[H]V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to swallow *Sem[H]V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to swallow, drink *tVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to swallow, gobble *muḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to swallow, throat *balʕ[u]
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to swallow, throat *gwVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to swallow, throat *gwVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to swallow, throat; pipe *balʕ[u]
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to sweep *swxVjṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to take *bari
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to take *bari
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to take *kantV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to take care of, honour *ʔVjsV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to take, receive *HVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to taste, eat *č`VmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to taste, sour *xamV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a]
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a]
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to tear, rip *ḳV[ǯ]V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to think *manu
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to think *manu
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to think, dream *ʒVm(ŋ)V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to tie, bind *ḳVńV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to tie, bind *ḳVńV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to tie, net *taxlwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to touch *tVKV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to trace *Koki
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to trace *Koki
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to tremble *dVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to turn round *ṭurV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to turn round *ṭurV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to understand, brain *ʔVŋV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to understand, see *gUrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to understand, see *gUrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wake *[š]ehŕa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wake *źwehŕa
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wake, become clear *ṭVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wake; see > eye *ṭVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to walk, go *gVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to walk, run *gVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to walk, run *meŋV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wash, soak *lVHwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to weaken, disappear *mVjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to weaken, disappear *mVjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wear out; weak, exhausted *lVCV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wear, put on *wVc`V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to weave (a lattice) *rVcV ( ~ -c`-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wink, eyelid *c`VmrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wish *h/a/wV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wish *wiʎ/g/V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wish *wiʎ/g/V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wish *h/a/wV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wish, help *ʔVnV(jV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wish, let *šVwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to worry, be stupid *buḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wound, kill *ʔewV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |to wound, kill *ʔewV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tongue *tilV(ŋV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tongue *tilV(ŋV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tooth *palV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tooth *palV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tooth, peg *ɣoŋɣV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |top *ḳVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |top *ḳVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |top *mVĺV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |top of head *KVmPV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |top of head *KVmPV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |top of head, hair *TUmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |top of head, hair of head *TUmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |top of head, horn *ḳirV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |top, summit *cimu ( ~ č-, č`-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |touch, plaster *ṭaṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |touch, plaster, attach *ṭaṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tramp, step *ceKV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tree *ṗUjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tree *ṗUjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tree *widV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tree, wood *dʷirV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |tree, wood *dʷirV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |twig, branch *c`UlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |twig, rod *šVṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |twist *murV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |twist, weave *tVḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |two *malV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |two / four / eight *NVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |two, pair *gagtV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |two, pair *jVŕV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |two, pair *jVŕV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |understand, brain *ʔVŋV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ungulate *ʔirV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |ungulate *ʔirV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |upper part of chest, collarbone *kVŋkV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |urine, urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |valley *gowlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |valley, deep *gowlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |vessel *kala
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |vessel *kala
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |vessel *ḳaṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |vessel *ḳaṗV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |vessel *ḳVwKV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |village *koṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |village, house *koṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |village, hut *ḳojmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |vulva *p`u[ṭ]V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |vulva *pVjcV ( ~ -č-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wake *ṗuKdV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |walk, run, road (several roots, assimilations) *ṭVŕgV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |warm *kačV 'warm'
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |warm *lVmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |warm *ṭ[ä]pV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |warm *ṭ[ä]pV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wash *bVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wash *mVs(k)V ( ~ -ʒ-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wash *mVś(k)V ( ~ -ʒ́-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wash, flow *HVrcV ( ~ -c`-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |water *bVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |water *wetV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |water *wetV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |water *ʕEḳu
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |water *ʕEḳu
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |water, pour *ʒwVHlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |water, to submerge *kUdV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |water, wet *mEwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |water, wet *mEwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |we (pronoun) *wV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |we, I [first person pronoun] *wV we
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |weak *HalV (also *lVjV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |weak *lVjV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |weak *ṭVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |weak, lax *lVjńV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |weak, tired *HalV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |weak, tired, dead *ŋVwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |weak, young *ṭVrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wear, dress *wVCV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |weary, tired *ēco ( ~ -č-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wet *(H)wiɫV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wet *(H)wiɫV wet
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wet *mäŕä
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wet *mäŕä
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wet *mVk`V
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |what, interrogative pronoun *mV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |white *swVḳV ( ~ cw−,č𝑤-,čw-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |white, clean *swVḳV ( ~ cw-,čw-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |who *CV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |who, what *ḳV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |whole *ḳVĺwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |whole, all, combine *ḳVĺwV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |whole, full *ćwalV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wide *ṗaṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wide, open *ṗaṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |willow *čwalV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |willow *čwalV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wind, to blow *CalV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wing; arm *gara
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |winter ~ spring *PVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |winter, cold *gImV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |winter, cold *gImV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wish *ʔVnV(jV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wolf, dog *ḲüjnA
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wolf, dog *ḲüjnA
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |woman *k/u/nV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |woman *k/u/nV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |woman, female *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |wood *widV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |worm *ḲorV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |worm *ḲorV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |worm *kuńV (if < *kuj-nV)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |worm *mVṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |worm *mVṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |worm *ṗäri
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |worm *ṗäri
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |worm, insect *ḳwVŋV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |worm, insect *ŋalmV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |year *w[e]ṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |year *w[e]ṭV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |year, old *CVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |year, old *zVnV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |you *si
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |young *bāla 'child, young'
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |young animal, plant *ṭVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |young animal, plant *ṭVlV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |young male *majrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |young male *majrV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |young man *ḳacV ( ~ -c`-)
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |young of animals *ḳʷVŕV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |young of animals *ḳʷVŕV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |young, child *ḲanV
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |young, child *ḲanV
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| == Etymologies possibly linked to Afroasiatic ==
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| == Etymologies possibly linked to Sino-Caucasian ==
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| == Etymologies possibly linked to Austric ==
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| == Etymologies possibly linked to Macro-Khoisan ==
| |
|
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| !Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean
| |
| !Meaning
| |
| !Proto-Khoisan
| |
| |-
| |
| |*dʑoa
| |
| |ashes
| |
| |*ʒ́o[a]
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tshaʔ
| |
| |cold
| |
| |*cha-
| |
| |-
| |
| |*ʢa
| |
| |deictic stem
| |
| |*Ha
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tʼʔu
| |
| |dew
| |
| |*ǀu
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tɬʼʔ[χ]uɦ
| |
| |dry
| |
| |*ǀǀXU
| |
| |-
| |
| |*[ts]uɦ
| |
| |excrement
| |
| |*CU
| |
| |-
| |
| |*[ts]a(ɴ)
| |
| |fat
| |
| |*Ca(N)
| |
| |-
| |
| |*vuɦ
| |
| |father
| |
| |*BU
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tʼʔʁ°
| |
| |hair
| |
| |*ǀʁV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tɬau
| |
| |hand
| |
| |*ƛ[a]u
| |
| |-
| |
| |*ɳtsʼʔuʔ
| |
| |kidney
| |
| |*ɳ!u-
| |
| |-
| |
| |*gtʼʔa
| |
| |leaf
| |
| |*ɡǀa
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tɬaɴ°
| |
| |lizard
| |
| |*ƛaNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*pʼʔha
| |
| |meat
| |
| |*ʘha
| |
| |-
| |
| |*ʢaj°
| |
| |mother
| |
| |*[H]aj-
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tɬʼakʼ°ɴ°
| |
| |shoe
| |
| |*ƛ̣aḳVNV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tsʼ°kʼ°
| |
| |smoke
| |
| |*c̣VḳV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*ʎiʔ
| |
| |to blow the nose; snot
| |
| |*ʎi-
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tɬ°[k]°
| |
| |to chop
| |
| |*ƛVKV
| |
| |-
| |
| |*kxe
| |
| |to cry, sound
| |
| |*kxe
| |
| |-
| |
| |*k°ʔ°ŋ
| |
| |to know
| |
| |*kVʔV[ŋ]
| |
| |-
| |
| |*i[ts]aʔ
| |
| |to steal
| |
| |*[i]Ca-
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tɬʼʔkxa
| |
| |to wash
| |
| |*ǀǀkxa
| |
| |-
| |
| |*tɬʼʔɢoʔ
| |
| |tortoise
| |
| |*ǀǀGo-
| |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| [[Category:Atlanto-Mediterranean]] | | [[Category:Atlanto-Mediterranean]] |