Valtamic: Difference between revisions

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 * /f v/ are pronounced as approximants [ʋ̊ ʋ].
 * /θ/ only appears in the cluster ⟨tr⟩ /θr/.
-* /s/ is pronounced as apical/retracted [s̺] while /t͡s/, like /t/, is pronounced as dental/laminal [t̪͡s̪]. /t͡s/ de-affricates when unstressed and non-initial, giving rise to an apical/laminal distinction [s̺] [s̻] in unstressed syllables, as seen in words like ⟨uhsoucux⟩ /ˈɯxsut͡sɯx/ [ˈɯˑχs̺ʊˌs̪ωχ].
+* /s/ is pronounced as apical/retracted [s̺] while /t͡s/, like /t/, is pronounced as dental/laminal [t̪͡s̪]. /t͡s/ de-affricates when unstressed and non-initial, giving rise to an apical/laminal distinction [s̺] [s̻] in unstressed syllables, as seen in words like ⟨uhsoucuh⟩ /ˈɯxsut͡sɯx/ [ˈɯˑχs̺ʊˌs̪ωχ].
 * /z/ appears in modern loanwords but is, in practice, in free variation with /ɕ/.
 * /x l w/ are pronounced as [χ ɫ w] near back vowels and [x̟ l ɥ] near front vowels.
@@ Line 549: / Line 549: @@
 |}
-===Cyrillic orthographies===
+<sup>[c]</sup> non-native and restricted to loanwords
-====Russian Cyrillic alphabet====
+<sup>[d]</sup> ''ľ'' and ''ṅ'' are only used word-finally like in ⟨{{c|veľ}}⟩ and ⟨{{c|terleṅ}}⟩.
-====Liturgical Cyrillic alphabet====
+<sup>[e]</sup> see [[Valtamic#Consonants|phonology]]
+===Russian Cyrillic alphabet===
+During Soviet occupation, a Cyrillic orthography was created and is still in use by Valtamic communities in Russia
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|+ '''Vowels'''
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Grapheme
+! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | Sound (IPA)
+! rowspan="2" | Grapheme
+! colspan="2" | Sound (IPA)
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+! <small>Stressed</small>
+! <small>Unstressed</small>
+! <small>Stressed</small>
+! <small>Unstressed</small>
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | а
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɑ̝(ˑ)]
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʌ]
+| ө
+| [ɤ̞(ˑ)]
+| [ɜ]
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ә
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [æ(ˑ)]
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɛ]
+| у
+| [ɯ(ˑ)]
+| [ω]
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | е
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [je̞(ˑ)]
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [jɛ]
+| ӱ
+| [wɯ(ˑ)]
+| [wω]
+|-
+| ё
+| [jɵ̞(ˑ)]
+| [jɞ] ''or'' [jɐ]
+| ү
+| [y(ˑ)]
+| [ʏ]
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | и
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [i(ˑ)]
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɪ]
+| ы
+| [ɨ(ˑ)]
+| [ᵻ]
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ї
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ji(ˑ)]
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [jɪ]
+| э
+| [e̞(ˑ)]
+| [ɛ]
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | о
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [o̞(ˑ)]
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ɔ] ''or'' [ɔ̞]
+| ю
+| [jɨ(ˑ)] ''or'' [jʉ(ˑ)]
+| [jᵻ] ''or'' [jᵿ]
+|-
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | оу
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [u(ˑ)]
+| style="vertical-align:middle;" | [ʊ]
+| я
+| [jä̝(ˑ)]
+| [jɐ]
+|}
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|+ '''Consonants'''
+|- style="font-weight:bold;"
+! Grapheme
+! Sound (IPA)
+! Grapheme
+! Sound (IPA)
+|-
+| б
+| [b]
+| н
+| [n]
+|-
+| в
+| [ʋ]
+| нь
+| [ɲ]
+|-
+| г
+| [ɡ]
+| п
+| [p]
+|-
+| д
+| [d]
+| р
+| [ɾ]
+|-
+| дз <sup>[a]</sup>
+| [d͡z]
+| с
+| [s̺]
+|-
+| дж <sup>[a]</sup>
+| [d͡ʐ] ~ [d͡ʑ]
+| т
+| [t̪]
+|-
+| ж
+| [ʐ] ~ [ʑ]
+| ў
+| [w]
+|-
+| з
+| [ɕ] or [z] <sup>[b]</sup>
+| ф
+| [ʋ̊]
+|-
+| һ
+| [ɦ]
+| х
+| [x]
+|-
+| й
+| [j]
+| ц
+| [t̪͡s̪]
+|-
+| к
+| [k]
+| ч
+| [t͡ʂ] ~ [t͡ɕ]
+|-
+| л
+| [l̪]
+| ш
+| [ʂ]
+|-
+| ль
+| [ʎ]
+| щ <sup>[a]</sup>
+| [ɕ] or [z] <sup>[b]</sup>
+|-
+| м
+| [m]
+|
+|
+|}
+<sup>[a]</sup> non-native and restricted to loanwords
+<sup>[b]</sup> see [[Valtamic#Consonants|phonology]]
 ==Grammar==