Muna: Difference between revisions
m (→Transcription) |
(→Verbs) |
||
| Line 237: | Line 237: | ||
=='''Verbs'''== | =='''Verbs'''== | ||
=== | ===Verb structure=== | ||
=== | Compared to the rest of the language, verbs have very little inflectional morphology, only conjugating for tense and causativity | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
| rowspan="2" style="padding: 10px 15px;" | Adverb | |||
| rowspan="2" | | |||
| rowspan="2" style="padding: 10px 15px;" | Applicative particle | |||
| rowspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | Auxiliary | |||
| rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="3" | Verb | |||
| rowspan="2" | | |||
| rowspan="2" style="padding: 10px 15px;" | Aspect particle | |||
|- | |||
| style="padding: 10px 15px;" | Auxiliary stem | |||
| style="padding: 10px 15px;" | Tense suffix | |||
| style="padding: 10px 15px;" | Causative Prefix | |||
! style="padding: 10px 15px;" | Verb Stem | |||
| style="padding: 10px 15px;" | Tense suffix | |||
|} | |||
==='''Tense'''=== | ==='''Tense'''=== | ||
Muna has a simple three-tense system in which the verb can be conjugated for past, present or future. However, these tense suffixes have to agree in number to the subject (or topic, if there's no subject present) of the sentence. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Past | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Present | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Future | |||
|- | |||
! Singular | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Plural | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
==='''Aspect'''=== | ==='''Aspect'''=== | ||
Revision as of 22:24, 22 September 2015
Introduction
Phonology
Consonants
| Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | Fortis | p | t | k | |
| Lenis | b | d | g | ||
| Nasal | n | ||||
| Fricative | ɸ | s | x | ||
| Approximant | j | w | |||
| Lateral Approximant | l | ||||
| Tap or Flap | ɾ | ||||
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Open | a | ɒ |
Phonotactics
Syllable structure
C1 (C2) (C3) V (C4) (C5)
Onset
- Any consonant
- Any plosive + /ɾ/
- Any fricative + /l/
- Any consonant except approximants + /j/
- Any plosive + /r/ + /j/
- Any fricative + /l/ + /j/
Nucleus
- Any vowel
Coda
- /n ɾ/ except before themselves
- /l/ except before itself or /ɾ/
Allophonic changes
Stress
Stress falls in the first syllable unless the word has a non initial closed syllable (a syllable with coda) in which case it falls on the second syllable
Orthography
Writing system
Romanization
Transcription
The transcription scheme only changes a few IPA characters to their most easily recognizable Latin equivalent, <ä> may use pretty much any diacritic to make the typing of Muna easy and more accessible, in extreme cases the digraph <ao> may be used since there are no diphthongs in Muna which may make the reading ambiguous.
The characters that have changed are in bold:
| Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | Fortis | p | t | k | |
| Lenis | b | d | g | ||
| Nasal | n | ||||
| Fricative | f | s | h | ||
| Approximant | j | w | |||
| Lateral Approximant | l | ||||
| Tap or Flap | r | ||||
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Open | a | ä / ao |
Transliteration
Nouns
Noun structure
Noun phrase
Number
Cases
Types of nouns
Proper
Common
Noun derivation
Diminutives
Augmentatives
Compounding
Denominalization
Adpositions
Adpositional phrase
Determiners
Articles
Demonstratives
Quantifiers
Numerals
Verbs
Verb structure
Compared to the rest of the language, verbs have very little inflectional morphology, only conjugating for tense and causativity
| Adverb | Applicative particle | Auxiliary | Verb | Aspect particle | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Auxiliary stem | Tense suffix | Causative Prefix | Verb Stem | Tense suffix | |||||||
Tense
Muna has a simple three-tense system in which the verb can be conjugated for past, present or future. However, these tense suffixes have to agree in number to the subject (or topic, if there's no subject present) of the sentence.
| Past | Present | Future | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| Plural |