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Svojan: Difference between revisions
→Preposition cases
(Created page with "{{Infobox language |name = Svojan |nativename = Švojln |pronunciation = ʃvɔjl̩n |creator = user:Aenil2 |created = 2024 |familycolor = Constructed language |script1 = Latn }} '''Svojan''' (autoglossonym: Švojln; <small>Svojan :</small> [ʃvɔjl̩n]) is a personal language I started working on in late 2024, as an attempt to use a Slavic-like phonology, while maintaining an unique grammar and vocabulary, unalike to the phonology's source lan...") |
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** /e/ becomes /ɛ/ when long | ** /e/ becomes /ɛ/ when long | ||
** /o/ becomes /ɔ/ when long | ** /o/ becomes /ɔ/ when long | ||
==Grammar== | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
Svojan nouns are gendered, and can inflect for case, number and definiteness | |||
====Noun genders==== | |||
Nouns can take 1 of 3 genders : Masculine, Feminine and Neuter | |||
The gender of a noun is highly predictable, and can be deducted from the following criterias: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- style="text-align:center; width: 70em" | |||
! Masculine | |||
! Feminine | |||
! Neuter | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
* Nouns ending in a "hard" consonant<br /> | |||
* Nouns ending in a nasal vowel | |||
| | |||
* Nouns ending in a "soft" consonant<br /> | |||
* Nouns ending in a front vowel (e, i and y) | |||
| | |||
* Nouns ending in another consonant <br /> | |||
* Nouns ending in a back vowel (a, o and u) | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
* leden → lead (metal)<br /> | |||
* savę → male child | |||
| | |||
* kataď → competition<br /> | |||
* koný → meal | |||
| | |||
* silaž → stone<br /> | |||
* avu → bird | |||
|} | |||
Notes : | |||
* Hard consonants are /n/, /t/, /d/ and /l/ | |||
* Soft consonants are /ɲ/, /c/, /ɟ/ and /ʎ/ | |||
====Noun cases==== | |||
Nouns in Svojan can take one of 12 cases (4 "alignment cases"/"mažilikaru dáikný" and 8 "preposition cases"/"džiteruktę dáikný") : | |||
=====Alignment cases===== | |||
;Nominative | |||
:The nominative case is used to indicate the subject of a sentence, and the object of a predicate | |||
;Accusative | |||
:The accusative is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence. It is also used to indicate the complement of some adpositions, related to time | |||
;Genitive | |||
:The genitive case is used to indicate alienable possession | |||
;Dative | |||
:The dative case is used to indicate alienable possession, and the indirect object of a sentence | |||
=====Preposition cases===== | |||
;Lative | |||
:The lative case is used to indicate movement to a location | |||
;Locative | |||
:The locative case is used to indicate position in space, and to indicate the complement of adposition related to position | |||
;Ablative | |||
:The ablative case is used to indicate movement from a location | |||
;Instrumental | |||
:The instrumental case is used to indicate instruments of an action, and to indicate the complement of adpositions related to accompaniment | |||
;Privative | |||
:The privative case is used to indicate an absence | |||
;Causal | |||
:The causal case is used to indicate the reason of an action, and to indicate the complement of adpositions related to cause | |||
;Causal-final | |||
:The causal-final case is used to indicate the purpose of an action | |||
;Adpositional | |||
:The adpositional case is used to indicate the complement of adpositions not related to time, position, accompaniment nor cause | |||