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Dicontu Grandiu: Difference between revisions
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== Verbs == | == Verbs == | ||
Verbs conjugate according to 4 tenses (perfect, preterite, present, future), 2 numbers (singular/plural), 2 persons (1st person/other), 2 moods (indicative/jussive), 2 voices (active/passive), and 2 aspects in the active voice (perfective/imperfective). | Verbs conjugate according to 4 tenses (perfect, preterite, present, future), 2 numbers (singular/plural), 2 persons (1st person/other), 2 moods (indicative/jussive), 2 voices (active/passive), and 2 aspects in the active voice (perfective/imperfective). | ||
There are 2 voices: active and passive. These conjugate the same way, but with a stem change. For example, ''vider'' means "to see", while ''vuder'' means "to be seen." ''Vider'' is an example of the active voice, and ''vuder'' the passive. In multi-syllable verb stems, the second syllable changes (-er is the infinitive suffix). | There are 2 voices: active and passive. These conjugate the same way, but with a stem change. For example, ''vider'' means "to see", while ''vuder'' means "to be seen." ''Vider'' is an example of the active voice, and ''vuder'' the passive. In multi-syllable verb stems, the second syllable changes (-er is the infinitive suffix). | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| Future || audel- || adel- | | Future || audel- || adel- | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== "To be" === | |||
There are two versions of the verb ''ester'', to be, distinguished in the indicative mood. There is the copula, which uses the shortened forms (O homo es felizio = The man is happy), and the existential, which uses the longer forms (Estatas homo felizio = There is a happy man). This verb also does not have a finite passive voice. | |||
==== 1st person forms ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Indicative mood | |||
|- | |||
!!! Perfective sg !! Perfective pl !! Imperfective sg !! Imperfective pl | |||
|- | |||
| Perfect || estatov/eratov || estantov/erantov || estativ/erativ || estantiv/erantiv | |||
|- | |||
| Preterite || estatin/eratin || estantin/erantin || estati/erati || estanti/eranti | |||
|- | |||
| Present || estato/sum || estanto/somo || estatoi/sum || estantoi/somo | |||
|- | |||
| Future || estatos/sumos || estantos/somos || estatol/estol || estantol/adantol | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Jussive mood | |||
|- | |||
!!! Perfective sg !! Perfective pl !! Imperfective sg !! Imperfective pl | |||
|- | |||
| Perfect || estutov || estuntov || estativ || estantiv | |||
|- | |||
| Preterite || estutin || estuntin || estati || estanti | |||
|- | |||
| Present || estuto || estunto || estutoi || estuntoi | |||
|- | |||
| Future || estutos || estantos || estutol || estuntol | |||
|} | |||
==== 2nd/3rd person forms ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Indicative mood | |||
|- | |||
!!! Perfective sg !! Perfective pl !! Imperfective sg !! Imperfective pl | |||
|- | |||
| Perfect || estatan/estan || estantan/estan || estatav/estav || estantav/estav | |||
|- | |||
| Preterite || estatis/erat || estantis/erant || estatiĵ/estan || estantiĵ/estan | |||
|- | |||
| Present || estata/es || estanta/sont || estatas/es || estantas/sont | |||
|- | |||
| Future || estates/estes || estantes/estes || estatel/estel || estantel/sontel | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Jussive mood | |||
|- | |||
!!! Perfective sg !! Perfective pl !! Imperfective sg !! Imperfective pl | |||
|- | |||
| Perfect || estutan || estuntan || estutav || estuntav | |||
|- | |||
| Preterite || estutis || estuntis || estutiĵ || estuntiĵ | |||
|- | |||
| Present || estuta || estunta || estatas || estantas | |||
|- | |||
| Future || estutes || estuntes || estutel || estuntel | |||
|} | |||
==== Non-finite forms ==== | |||
Active infinitive: ''ester'' | |||
Passive infinitive: ''uster'' | |||
Active gerund: ''estar'' | |||
Passive gerund: ''ustar'' | |||
== Example texts == | == Example texts == | ||
=== The Lord's Prayer === | === The Lord's Prayer === | ||