Toki Pona: Difference between revisions
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==History== | ==History== | ||
An early version of the language was published online in 2001 by Sonja Lang, and it quickly gained popularity.<ref name=":0" /> Early activity took place in a Yahoo! group. Members of the group discussed the language with one another in English, Toki Pona, and Esperanto, proposed changes, and talked about the resources on the ''tokipona.org'' site. At its peak member count, the group had a little over 500 members. Messages in the group were archived in the Toki Pona forum using phpBB. | An early version of the language was published online in 2001 by Sonja Lang, and it quickly gained popularity.<ref name=":0" /> Early activity took place in a Yahoo! group. Members of the group discussed the language with one another in English, Toki Pona, and Esperanto, proposed changes, and talked about the resources on the ''tokipona.org'' site. At its peak member count, the group had a little over 500 members. Messages in the group were archived in the Toki Pona forum using phpBB. | ||
Lang later released an official book on the language, ''Toki Pona: The Language of Good'', in 2014.<ref name=":14" /> It is also sometimes referred to as {{Lang|mis|pu}} in the Toki Pona community.<ref name=":1" /> In 2016, the book was also published in French.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Fabbri|first=Renato|date=July 2018|title=Basic concepts and tools for the Toki Pona minimal and constructed language|journal=ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing|arxiv=1712.09359}}</ref> | Lang later released an official book on the language, ''Toki Pona: The Language of Good'', in 2014.<ref name=":14" /> It is also sometimes referred to as {{Lang|mis|pu}} in the Toki Pona community.<ref name=":1" /> In 2016, the book was also published in French.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Fabbri|first=Renato|date=July 2018|title=Basic concepts and tools for the Toki Pona minimal and constructed language|journal=ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing|arxiv=1712.09359}}</ref> | ||
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===Inventory=== | ===Inventory=== | ||
Toki Pona has nine [[consonant]]s ({{IPA|/p, t, k, s, m, n, l, j, w/}}) and five [[vowel]]s ({{IPA|/a, e, i, o, u/}}),<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":0" /> shown here with the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] symbols. Stress falls on the initial syllable of a word. There are no [[diphthong]]s, | Toki Pona has nine [[consonant]]s ({{IPA|/p, t, k, s, m, n, l, j, w/}}) and five [[vowel]]s ({{IPA|/a, e, i, o, u/}}),<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":0" /> shown here with the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] symbols. Stress falls on the initial syllable of a word. There are no [[diphthong]]s, contrasting vowel length, consonant clusters (except those starting with the nasal coda), or tones.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Blahuš|first=Marek|date=November 2011|editor-last=Fiedler|editor-first=Sabine|title=Toki Pona: eine minimalistische Plansprache|trans-title=Toki Pona: A Minimalistic Planned Language|url=http://www.interlinguistik-gil.de/wb/media/beihefte/18/beiheft18.pdf#page=51|journal=Interlinguistische Informationen|language=de|location=Berlin|volume=18|pages=51–55|issn=1432-3567}}</ref> Both its sound inventory and [[phonotactics]] are compatible with the majority of human languages, and are therefore readily accessible.<ref name=":14" /> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Consonants | |+ Consonants | ||
! !! [[labial consonant|Labial]]!! | ! !! [[labial consonant|Labial]]!! Coronal !! Dorsal | ||
|- align="center" | |- align="center" | ||
![[nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ![[nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ||
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA | |<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA|m}}</span> | ||
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA | |<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA|n}}</span> | ||
| | | | ||
|- align="center" | |- align="center" | ||
![[stop consonant|Stop]] | ![[stop consonant|Stop]] | ||
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA | |<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA|p}}</span> | ||
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA | |<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA|t}}</span> | ||
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA | |<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA|k}}</span> | ||
|- align="center" | |- align="center" | ||
![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ![[Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | ||
| | | | ||
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA | |<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA|s}}</span> | ||
| | | | ||
|- align="center" | |- align="center" | ||
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|- align="center" | |- align="center" | ||
![[Close vowel|Close]] | ![[Close vowel|Close]] | ||
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA | |<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA|i}}</span> | ||
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA | |<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA|u}}</span> | ||
|- align="center" | |- align="center" | ||
! | !Mid | ||
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA | |<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA|e̞|e}}</span> | ||
|<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA | |<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA|o̞|o}}</span> | ||
|- align="center" | |- align="center" | ||
![[Open vowel|Open]] | ![[Open vowel|Open]] | ||
| colspan="2" |<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA | | colspan="2" |<span style="font-size:125%;">{{IPA|ä|a}}</span> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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* [https://tokipona.fandom.com/wiki/Where_is_Toki_Pona_used%3F Where is Toki Pona used? A Wikia page with many links to Toki Pona related websites] | * [https://tokipona.fandom.com/wiki/Where_is_Toki_Pona_used%3F Where is Toki Pona used? A Wikia page with many links to Toki Pona related websites] | ||
[[:Category:Toki Pona words]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||