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| | {{speedy|Abandoned language}} |
| | {{privatelang}} |
| {{Infobox language | | {{Infobox language |
| |image= Dragon of Jerum.png | | |image= Dragon of Jerum.png |
| |imagesize= 250px | | |imagesize= 250px |
| |name= Ierumith | | |name= Ierumidd |
| |nativename=''ierumidd'' | | |nativename=''ierumidd'' |
| |pronunciation= je.rɨ.mið | | |pronunciation= je.rɨ.mið |
| |pronunciation_key = Guide:IPA | | |pronunciation_key = IPA for Ierumidd |
| |creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfosøra]] | | |creator=[[User:Wfeozawra|wfosøra]] |
| |region=[[w:Wales|Wales]] | | |region=[[w:Wales|Wales]] |
| Line 38: |
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| |
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| ==Phonology== | | ==Phonology== |
| ===Orthography===
| |
| {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;" | | {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;" |
| |+ Orthography | | |+ Orthography |
| |- | | |- |
| ! | | ! |
| ! colspan="2" | Formal | | ! Formal |
| ! colspan="2" | Standard | | ! Standard |
| ! colspan="2" | North | | ! North |
| ! colspan="2" | South | | ! South |
| |- | | |- |
| ! a/â | | ! a/â |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /a, aː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /a, aː/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /a, aː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /a, aː/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /a, aː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /a, aː/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /a, aː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /a, aː/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! b | | ! b |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /b/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /b/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /b/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /b/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /b/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /b/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /b/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /b/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! c | | ! c |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /k/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /k/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /k/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /k/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /k/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /k/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /k/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /k/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! ci | | ! ci |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /c, ki/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /c, ki/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /c, ki/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /c, ki/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /kj, ki/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /kj, ki/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! gi | | ! gi |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɟ, gi/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɟ, gi/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɟ, gi/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɟ, gi/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /gj, gi/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /gj, gi/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! si | | ! si |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ç/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ç/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ç/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ç/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ʃ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ʃ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! zi | | ! zi |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ʝ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ʝ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ʝ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ʝ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ʒ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ʒ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! d | | ! d |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /d/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /d/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /d/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /d/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /d/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /d/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /d/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /d/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! dd | | ! dd |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ð/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ð/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ð/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ð/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ð/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ð/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ð/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ð/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! e/ê | | ! e/ê |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /e, eː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /e, eː/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /e, eː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /e, eː/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɛ, eː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɛ, eː/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɛ, eː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɛ, eː/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! f | | ! f |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /v/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /v/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /v/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /v/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /v/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /v/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /v/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /v/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! ff | | ! ff |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /f/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /f/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /f/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /f/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /f/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /f/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /f/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /f/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! g | | ! g |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /g/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /g/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /g/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /g/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /g/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /g/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /g/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /g/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! ng | | ! ng |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ŋ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ŋ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ŋ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ŋ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ŋ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ŋ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ŋ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ŋ/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! ngh | | ! ngh |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ŋ̊/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ŋ̊/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ŋ̊/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ŋ̊/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ŋ̊/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ŋ̊/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ŋ̊/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ŋ̊/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! h | | ! h |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /x/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /x/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /x/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /x/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /χ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /h/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /χ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /h/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! i/î | | ! i/î |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /i, iː, j/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /i, iː, j/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /i, iː, j/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /i, iː, j/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɪ, iː, j/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɪ, iː, j/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɪ, iː, j/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɪ, iː, j/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! ni | | ! ni |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɲ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɲ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɲ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɲ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɲ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɲ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! nih | | ! nih |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɲ̊/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɲ̊/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɲ̊/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɲ̊/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɲ̊/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɲ̊/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! l | | ! l |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /l/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /l/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /l/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /l/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /l/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /l/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /l/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /l/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! ll | | ! ll |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɬ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɬ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɬ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɬ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɬ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɬ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɬ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɬ/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! m | | ! m |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /m/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /m/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /m/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /m/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /m/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /m/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /m/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /m/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! mh | | ! mh |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /m̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /m̥/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /m̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /m̥/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /m̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /m̥/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /m̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /m̥/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! n | | ! n |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /n/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /n/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /n/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /n/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /n/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /n/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /n/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /n/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! nh | | ! nh |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /n̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /n̥/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /n̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /n̥/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /n̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /n̥/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /n̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /n̥/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! o/ô | | ! o/ô |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /o, oː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /o, oː/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /o, oː || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /o, oː |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɔ, oː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɔ, oː/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɔ, oː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɔ, oː/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! p | | ! p |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /p/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /p/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /p/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /p/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /p/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /p/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /p/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /p/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! r | | ! r |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /r/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /r/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /r/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /r/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /r/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /r/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /r/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /r/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! rh | | ! rh |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /r̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /r̥/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /r̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /r̥/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /r̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /r̥/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /r̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /r̥/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! s | | ! s |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /s/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /s/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /s/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /s/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /s/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /s/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /s/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /s/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! z | | ! z |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /z/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /z/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /z/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /z/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /z/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /z/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /z/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /z/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! t | | ! t |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /t/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /t/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /t/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /t/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /t/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /t/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /t/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /t/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! th | | ! th |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /θ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /θ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /θ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /θ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /θ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /θ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /θ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /θ/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! u/û | | ! u/û |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | - || style="border-left: 0;" | | | | - |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɨ, ɨː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɨ, ɨː/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɨ̞, ɨː/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɨ̞, ɨː/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | - || style="border-left: 0;" | | | | /ɪ, iː/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! w/ŵ | | ! w/ŵ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /u, uː, w/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /u, uː, w/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /u, uː, w/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /u, uː, w/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ʊ, uː, w/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ʊ, uː, w/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ʊ, uː, w/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ʊ, uː, w/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! y | | ! y |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ə/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ə/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ə/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ə/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ə/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ə/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ə/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ə/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! q | | ! q |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɢ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɢ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɢ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɢ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɢ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /q/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɢ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /q/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! qh | | ! qh |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /q/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /q/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /q/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /q/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /q/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /q/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! nq | | ! nq |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɴ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɴ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɴ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɴ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | - || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | - || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! nqh | | ! nqh |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɴ̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɴ̥/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɴ̥/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɴ̥/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | - || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | - || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! x | | ! x |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ʁ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ʁ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ʁ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ʁ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ʁ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ʁ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! xh | | ! xh |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /χ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /χ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /χ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /χ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | - || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | - || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! aw/ø | | ! aw/ø |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /au̯/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /au̯/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | /ɔ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | /ɔ/ |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | o /ɔ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | o /ɔ/ || style="border-left: 0;" |
| | | |
| |- | | |- |
| |} | | |} |
| Line 384: |
Line 385: |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | |
| | |} |
| | Notes: |
| | * 1: alophone of /t/, usually between a vowel and a fricative |
| | * 2: non-vocalic allophone of /u/ |
| | * 3: non-vocalic allophone of /i/ |
| | |
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| | |+ Modern Consonant phonemes |
| | |- |
| | ! |
| | ! colspan=2 | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] |
| | ! colspan=2 | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]] |
| | ! colspan=2 | [[w:Alveolar consonant|alveolar]] |
| | ! colspan=1 | [[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]] |
| | ! colspan=2 | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] |
| | ! colspan=1 | [[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]] |
| | ! colspan=1 | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]] |
| | |- |
| | ! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial nasal|m̥]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] |
| | | colspan=2 | |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar nasal|n̥]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] |
| | | colspan=1 | |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar nasal|ŋ̊]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | ! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]] |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] |
| | | colspan=1 | |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]] |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless uvular stop|q]] |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]])¹ |
| | |- |
| | ! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]] |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]] |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]] |
| | | |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | |
| | | [[w:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]] |
| | | [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h~x]] |
| | |- |
| | ! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]] |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced labiovelar approximant|w]])² |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | |
| | | ([[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]])³ |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |- |
| | ! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]] |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|ɬ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] |
| | | colspan=1 | |
| | | colspan=2 | |
| | | colspan=1 | |
| | | colspan=1 | |
| | |- |
| | ! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]] |
| | | colspan=2 | |
| | | colspan=2 | |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar trill|r̥]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]] |
| | | colspan=1 | |
| | | colspan=2 | |
| | | colspan=1 | |
| | | colspan=1 | |
| |} | | |} |
| Notes: | | Notes: |
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| ! [[w:Close vowel|Close]] | | ! [[w:Close vowel|Close]] |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]] | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]] |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨː]] | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ̞]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨː]] |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] |
| |- | | |- |
| ! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | | ! [[w:mid vowel|mid]] |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]] | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]] |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | | colspan=2 | [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]] | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]] |
| |-
| |
| ! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| |
| |- | | |- |
| ! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | | ! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] |
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| | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | | | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | |
| | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]] |
| | |- |
| | |} |
| | |
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| | |+ Diphthongs |
| | |- |
| | ! |
| | ! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] |
| | ! colspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]] |
| | |- |
| | ! Closing |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | ai̯ || style="border-left: 0;" | ai̯ː |
| | | style="border-right: 0;" | ou̯ || style="border-left: 0;" | ou̯ː |
| | |- |
| | |} |
| | |
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
| | |+ Modern (North) Vowel phonemes |
| | |- |
| | ! |
| | ! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] |
| | ! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] |
| | ! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] |
| | |- |
| | ! [[w:Close vowel|Close]] |
| | | [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|ɪ]], [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]] |
| | | [[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ̞]], [[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨː]] |
| | | [[w:near-Close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]], [[w:Close back rounded vowel|uː]] |
| | |- |
| | ! [[w:mid vowel|mid]] |
| | | [[w:open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]], [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]] |
| | | [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] |
| | | [[w:open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]], [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]] |
| | |- |
| | ! [[w:Open vowel|Open]] |
| | | colspan=6 | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]], [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|aː]] |
| |- | | |- |
| |} | | |} |
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| Stress is slightly odd in this language, it is always placed on the case markers in nouns and tense in verbs. | | Stress is slightly odd in this language, it is always placed on the case markers in nouns and tense in verbs. |
|
| |
|
| Unstressed vowel reduction does not occur, so always pronounce vowels fully. | | Unstressed vowel reduction does not occur (in standard and formal), so always pronounce vowels fully. |
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| ====Intonation==== | | ====Intonation==== |
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| * [[:Category:Ierumidd lemmas|Ierumidd in Contionary]] | | * [[:Category:Ierumidd lemmas|Ierumidd in Contionary]] |
| * [https://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=LOJRM ierumidd on Conworkshop] (outdated some) | | * [https://conworkshop.com/view_language.php?l=LOJRM ierumidd on Conworkshop] (outdated some) |
| * [https://www.tumblr.com/ierumidd ierumidd Tumblr blog] (outdated some)
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| [[Category:Ierumidd]] | | [[Category:Ierumidd]] |
| [[Category:Languages]] | | [[Category:Languages]] |
| [[Category:Conlangs]] | | [[Category:Conlangs]] |