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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name              = Cruckeny
|name              = Cruckeny
|nativename        = Crucunee
|nativename        = Cruckenee
|pronunciation    = ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi
|pronunciation    = ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi
|pronunciation_key = IPA for Cruckeny
|pronunciation_key = IPA for Cruckeny
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|fam2              = [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]]
|fam2              = [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]]
|familycolor      = Indo-European
|familycolor      = Indo-European
|ancestor          = [[w:Irish language|Irish]]
|ancestor          = [[w:Ulster Irish|Ulster Irish]] (c. 1600)
|creator          = Dillon Hartwig
|creator          = Dillon Hartwig
|script            = Latn
|script            = Latn
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}}
}}


'''Cruckeny''' /ˈkrʌkəni/ (<small>Cruckeny:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Crucunee [[IPA for Cruckeny|[ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken in central Appalachia.
'''Cruckeny''' /ˈkrʌkəni/ (<small>Cruckeny:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Cruckenee [[IPA for Cruckeny|[ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken in central Appalachia (primarily in Logan and Boone Counties, West Virginia).


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
''Cruckeny'' is from ''Crucunee'', from Irish ''cnoc-theanga'' "hill speech."
''Cruckeny'' is from ''Cruckenee'', from Irish ''cnoc-theanga'' "hill speech."


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! A a !! Aa aa !! Au au !! Ai ai !! B b !! By by !! C c !! Ch ch !! Cy cy !! D d
! A a !! Aa aa !! Au au !! Ai ai !! B b !! By by !! C c !! Ch ch !! Ky ky !! D d
|-
|-
| /æ/ || /aː/ || /æɒ/ || /eɪ/ || /b/ || /bʲ/ || /k/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /kʲ/ || /d/
| /æ/ || /aː/ || /æɒ/ || /eɪ/ || /b/ || /bʲ/ || /k/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /kʲ/ || /d/
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! E e !! Ee ee !! Er er !! F f !! Fy fy !! G g !! Gh gh !! Gy gy !! H h !! I i
! E e !! Ee ee !! Er er !! F f !! Fy fy !! G g !! Gh gh !! Gy gy !! H h !! I i
|-
|-
| /ɛ/ || /ɪi/ || /ɚ/ || /f/ || /fʲ/ || /g/ || /ɣ/ || /gʲ/ || /h/ || /ɪ/
| /ɛ,ə/ || /ɪi/ || /ɚ/ || /f/ || /fʲ/ || /g/ || /ɣ/ || /gʲ/ || /h/ || /ɪ/
|-
|-
! J j !! Kh kh !! Khy khy !! L l !! Ly ly !! M m !! My my !! N n !! Ny ny !! Ng ng
! J j !! Kh kh !! Khy khy !! L l !! Ly ly !! M m !! My my !! N n !! Ny ny !! Ng ng
|-
|-
| /d͡ʒ/ || /ɫ/ || /lʲ/ || /x/ || /xʲ/ || /m/ || /mʲ/ || /n/ || /nʲ/ || /ŋ/
| /d͡ʒ/ || /x/ || /xʲ/ || /ɫ/ || /lʲ/ || /m/ || /mʲ/ || /n/ || /nʲ/ || /ŋ/
|-
|-
! Ngy ngy !! O o !! Oa oa !! Oar oar !! Oi oi !! Oo oo !! Ou ou !! Our our !! P p !! Py py
! Ngy ngy !! O o !! Oa oa !! Oar oar !! Oi oi !! Oo oo !! Ou ou !! Our our !! P p !! Py py
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! R r !! S s !! Sh sh !! T t !! U u !! V v !! Vy vy !! W w !! Y y
! R r !! S s !! Sh sh !! T t !! U u !! V v !! Vy vy !! W w !! Y y
|-
|-
| /ɻ/ || /s/ || /ʃ/ || /t/ || /ə,ʌ/ || /v/ || /vʲ/ || /w/ || /j/
| /ɻ/ || /s/ || /ʃ/ || /t/ || /ʌ/ || /v/ || /vʲ/ || /w/ || /j/
|}
|}
*⟨c⟩ is instead ⟨k⟩ before ⟨i,e⟩, or ⟨ck⟩ postvocalically.
*⟨ky⟩ is instead ⟨cky⟩ postvocalically.
*⟨sh⟩ is instead ⟨s⟩ before consonants.
*⟨'⟩ disambiguates some mono/multigraphs.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonants
|-
! colspan="2" | !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] !! rowspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" | !! plain !! [[w:Palatalization|pal.]] !! plain !! pal. !! plain !! pal.
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || mʲ || [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || nʲ || [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] || ŋʲ
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
! [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || pʲ || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || kʲ
|-
! [[w:Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]
| [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || bʲ || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] || [[w:Voiced velar stop|g]] || gʲ
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
| [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || fʲ || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || xʲ || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]
|-
! [[w:Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]]
| [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] || vʲ || colspan="2" | || [[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]] || || [[w:Voiced retroflex approximant|ɻ]] [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|ɫ]] || lʲ || || [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
|}
*/v/ only occurs in loanwords, and is often replaced by /vʲ/ or /w/.
*Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially.
*/t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated, except poetry and music.
*/s/ is realized as [ʃ] before consonants, except across word boundaries.
**[s,ʃ] are realized as [z,ʒ] before voiced obstruents, including across word boundaries.
*Epenthetic [h] is inserted before vowels phrase-initially.
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowels
|-
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| [[w:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]] ɪi || ᵿʉ || ([[w:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]])
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| || rowspan="2" | [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] əᵿ [[w:R-colored vowel|ɚ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]] oi
|-
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] ɛɪ || [[w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ]] [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Near-open front unrounded vowel|æ]] æɒ || [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|aː]] || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]] ɑɒ
|}
*/o,ɔ/ only occur before /ɻ/.
*/ʌ/ only occurs in stressed syllables.
*/ə/ only occurs in unstressed syllables.
*/ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before coda /ɫ,lʲ/.
*/əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants.
**Syllabic consonants variably desyllabify prevocalically.
**/ə#{j,w}/ are realized as [ɪ,ʊ], and the lost glide is re-inserted prevocalically.
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
===Phonotactics===
Cruckeny stress is variable, but in native words is predominantly initial.
 
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
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==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
Cruckeny word order is strictly SVO outside of music, where VSO also occurs.
Cruckeny word order is strictly SVO outside of poetry and music, where VSO also occurs.


===Noun and verb phrases===
===Noun and verb phrases===
Possessors and numerals strictly precede their heads. Adjectives variably follow their heads. Adverbs variably follow their clause.
===Dependent clauses===
===Dependent clauses===
Dependent clauses directly follow their head.


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
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==Other resources==
==Other resources==
[https://cals.info/language/cruckeny/ CALS]
*[https://cals.info/language/cruckeny/ CALS]
*[[Cruckeny/Swadesh]]


[[Category:Cruckeny language]]
[[Category:Cruckeny language]]
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