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Cruckeny: Difference between revisions
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'''Cruckeny''' /ˈkrʌkəni/ (<small>Cruckeny: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Cruckenee [[IPA for Cruckeny|[ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken in central Appalachia. | '''Cruckeny''' /ˈkrʌkəni/ (<small>Cruckeny: </small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">Cruckenee [[IPA for Cruckeny|[ˈkʰɻʌk(ə)nɪi]]]</span>) is a Celtic language spoken in central Appalachia (primarily in Logan and Boone Counties, West Virginia). | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
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*⟨ky⟩ is instead ⟨cky⟩ postvocalically. | *⟨ky⟩ is instead ⟨cky⟩ postvocalically. | ||
*⟨sh⟩ is instead ⟨s⟩ before consonants. | *⟨sh⟩ is instead ⟨s⟩ before consonants. | ||
*⟨'⟩ disambiguates some mono/multigraphs. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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*/v/ only occurs in loanwords, and is often replaced by /vʲ/ or /w/. | */v/ only occurs in loanwords, and is often replaced by /vʲ/ or /w/. | ||
*Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially. | *Voiceless stops (not including /t͡ʃ/) are aspirated word-initially and before stressed vowels syllable-initially. | ||
*/t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated. | */t,d/ are realized as [ɾ] intervocalically unless aspirated, except poetry and music. | ||
*/s/ is realized as [ʃ] before consonants, except across word boundaries. | */s/ is realized as [ʃ] before consonants, except across word boundaries. | ||
**[s,ʃ] are realized as [z,ʒ] before voiced obstruents, including across word boundaries. | **[s,ʃ] are realized as [z,ʒ] before voiced obstruents, including across word boundaries. | ||
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*/ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before coda /ɫ,lʲ/. | */ɪ,ɪi/ are realized as [i] before coda /ɫ,lʲ/. | ||
*/əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants. | */əR,əv(ʲ)/ are realized as syllabic consonants. | ||
**Syllabic consonants variably desyllabify prevocalically. | |||
**/ə#{j,w}/ are realized as [ɪ,ʊ], and the lost glide is re-inserted prevocalically. | **/ə#{j,w}/ are realized as [ɪ,ʊ], and the lost glide is re-inserted prevocalically. | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Cruckeny word order is strictly SVO outside of music, where VSO also occurs. | Cruckeny word order is strictly SVO outside of poetry and music, where VSO also occurs. | ||
===Noun and verb phrases=== | ===Noun and verb phrases=== | ||
Possessors and numerals precede their heads. Adjectives follow their heads. Adverbs follow their clause. | Possessors and numerals strictly precede their heads. Adjectives variably follow their heads. Adverbs variably follow their clause. | ||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
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==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
[https://cals.info/language/cruckeny/ CALS] | *[https://cals.info/language/cruckeny/ CALS] | ||
*[[Cruckeny/Swadesh]] | |||
[[Category:Cruckeny language]] | [[Category:Cruckeny language]] | ||