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Hondish: Difference between revisions

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Hondish (view source)

Revision as of 23:04, 12 May 2025

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→‎Stressed vowels
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Line 10: Line 10:
|name = Hondish
|name = Hondish
|nativename = hunnech
|nativename = hunnech
|pronunciation = hynəx
|pronunciation = hʏnəx
|creator = [[User:Uspesny mekkys]]
|creator = [[User:Uspesny mekkys]]


Line 61: Line 61:
| p ⟨p⟩
| p ⟨p⟩
| t ⟨t⟩
| t ⟨t⟩
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| c ⟨ț⟩
| k ⟨k⟩
| k ⟨k⟩
|-
|-
Line 67: Line 68:
| b ⟨b⟩
| b ⟨b⟩
| d ⟨d⟩
| d ⟨d⟩
| ɟ ⟨d̦⟩
| (g ⟨gh⟩)
| (g ⟨gh⟩)
|-
|-
Line 159: Line 161:
| y: ⟨ûe⟩
| y: ⟨ûe⟩
| ʏ ⟨u⟩
| ʏ ⟨u⟩
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none;background: #F5F5F5;" |
| rowspan=2 | ɤ: ⟨âoe⟩
| rowspan=2 | ɤ ⟨ao⟩
| u: ⟨òe⟩
| u: ⟨òe⟩
| (ʊ ⟨ò⟩)
| (ʊ ⟨ò⟩)
Line 165: Line 168:
! Mid
! Mid
| e: ⟨êe⟩
| e: ⟨êe⟩
| e ⟨e⟩
| ɛ ⟨e⟩
| ø: ⟨ø̂e⟩
| ø: ⟨ø̂e⟩
| ø ⟨ø⟩
| œ ⟨ø⟩
| ɤ: ⟨âoe⟩
| ɤ ⟨ao⟩
| o: ⟨ôe⟩
| o: ⟨ôe⟩
| o ⟨o⟩
| ɔ ⟨o⟩
|-
|-
! Low
! Low
| a: ⟨ae⟩
| colspan=1 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| a ⟨a⟩
| a ⟨a⟩
| colspan=6 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ɑ: ⟨ae⟩
| colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|}
|}


Line 193: Line 196:
|-
|-
! e:
! e:
| e:ə̯ ⟨eea⟩
| e:ə̯ ⟨eea, ya⟩
| e:u̯ ⟨eeu⟩
| e:u̯ ⟨eeu, yu⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
Line 212: Line 215:
|-
|-
! u:
! u:
| u:ə̯ ⟨uea⟩
| u:ə̯ ⟨òea⟩
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
Line 224: Line 227:
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
! e
! ɛ
| eə̯ ⟨ea⟩
| ɛə̯ ⟨ea⟩
| eu̯ ⟨eu⟩
| ɛu̯ ⟨eu⟩
| eɪ̯ ⟨y, ei⟩
| eɪ̯ ⟨y, ie⟩
|-
|-
! ø
! œ
| øə̯ ⟨øa⟩
| œə̯ ⟨øa⟩
| øu̯ ⟨øu⟩
| œu̯ ⟨ue, øu⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
Line 239: Line 242:
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
! o
! ɔ
| oə̯ ⟨oa⟩
| ɔə̯ ⟨oa⟩
| ou̯ ⟨ou⟩
| ou̯ ⟨ou⟩
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
Line 283: Line 286:
|-
|-
! Mid
! Mid
| e ⟨e, ee⟩
| ɛ ⟨ê⟩
| ø ⟨ø⟩
| œ ⟨ø⟩
| ə ⟨e⟩
| ə ⟨e⟩
| ɤ ⟨ao⟩
| ɤ ⟨ao⟩
| o ⟨o⟩
| ɔ ⟨o⟩
|-
|-
! Low
! Low
| a ⟨a⟩
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| colspan=4 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ɑ ⟨a⟩
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|}
|}


Line 320: Line 324:
===[[w:Consonant_mutation|Consonant mutations]]===
===[[w:Consonant_mutation|Consonant mutations]]===


Like other Celtic languages, Hondish initial consonants also undergo mutations. These mutations were originally triggerred by largely predictable assimilations at the borders of words and affixes. However, subsequent phonological changes often obscured the triggers of these mutations, leaving their triggering to morphology and syntax.
Like in other Celtic languages, Hondish initial consonants also undergo mutations. These mutations were originally triggerred by largely predictable assimilations at the borders of words and affixes. However, subsequent phonological changes often obscured the triggers of these mutations, leaving their triggering to morphology and syntax.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Native initials
|+ Initial consonant mutations
|-
|-
! '''Radical'''
! rowspan=2 | Radical
! '''Lenition'''
! colspan=3 | Initial mutations
! '''Nasalisation'''
! colspan=3 | Internal mutations
! '''Aspiration'''
|-
|-
| p || b || m || f
! Lenition
! Aspiration
! Nasalisation
! Lenition
! Aspiration
! Nasalisation
|-
|-
| b || v || m || v
| p
| b
| f
| b
| b
| f
| hm
|-
|-
| t || d || n || θ
| b
| v
| p
| m
| v
| p
| m
|-
| t || d || θ || d || d || θ || hn
|-
|-
| ts || z || ɲ || θj
| c || ɟ || θj || ɟ || ɟ || θj || hɲ
|-
|-
| d || ð || n || ð
| d || ð || t || n || ð || t || n
|-
|-
| z || ðj || ɲ || ðj
| ɟ || ðj || c || ɲ || ðj || c || ɲ
|-
|-
| k || g || ŋ || x
| k || ɣ || x || ɣ || ɣ || x || hŋ
|-
|-
| tʃ || ʒ || ŋj || xj
| tʃ || ʒ || ɕ || ʒ || ʒ || ɕ || hɲ
|-
|-
| rowspan=2 | h
| ɣ || ∅ || k || ŋ || ∅ || k || ŋ
| w || ŋ || w (ɣ)
|-
|-
| ∅ || n
| rowspan=2 | ʒ
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j || tʃ || ɲ || j || tʃ || ɲ
|-
|-
| ʒ || j || ŋj || j (ɣj)
| ç
| ʃ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ç
| ʃ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| ð || j || n || dj
| z
| h
| s
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| h
| s
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| w
| s
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| z
| gw
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| z
| z
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| z
|-
|-
| ɥ
| ʃ
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ʒ
| gɥ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ʒ
| ʒ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ʒ
|-
|-
| l
| x
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ∅
| hl
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ∅
| ∅
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ∅
|-
|-
| ʎ
| ɕ
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j
| hʎ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j
| j
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j
|-
|-
| ɹ
| f
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| h
| hɹ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| h
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| f || v || v
| v
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| w
| f  
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| w
| f
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| hj || j || ɲ
| vj
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j
| fj
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j  
| fj
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| x || w || ŋ
| m
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| w  
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| w
| hm
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| ʃ || j || ŋj
| mj
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j  
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| j
| hmj
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| θ || ð
| n
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| hn
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| m || colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ɲ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| hɲ
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| n || colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| rowspan=2 | j
| rowspan=2 style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| dj
| rowspan=2 | ɲ
| rowspan=2 style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| dj
| rowspan=2 | ɲ
|-
|-
| ɲ || colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| gj
| gj
|-
|-
| V
| w
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| n-V ||h-V
| gw
|}
| ŋ
 
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| gw
|+ Loan word initials
| ŋ
|-
|-
! '''Radical'''
| l
! '''Lenition'''
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
! '''Nasalisation'''
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
! '''Aspiration'''
| style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| hl
| ml
|-
|-
| j
| ʎ
| style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| ɲ || dj
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| hʎ
| mʎ
|-
|-
| s || z
| r
| colspan=2 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| hr
| mr
|-
|-
| z || colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| rj
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| hrj
| mrj
|-
|-
| v || colspan=3 style="border-style: none none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| h
| colspan=3 style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| colspan=3 style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|-
|-
| ç
| colspan=3 style="border-style: solid solid none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
| colspan=3 style="border-style: solid none none none ;background: #F5F5F5;"|
|}


|}


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/387960...453871"